New American Bible Revised Edition
Encyclopedia
The New American Bible Revised Edition is the first major update to the New American Bible
text in over 20 years. A Catholic
bible translation, the New American Bible
was first published in its entirety in 1970, sponsored by Confraternity of Christian Doctrine
.
Revisions to the New Testament
, the work of thirteen revisers and five editors, began in 1978 and finished in 1986. The Old Testament
revisions began in 1991 with the Psalms
, completed by 30 revisers and 6 editors. Revisions to the remaining books of the Old Testament
began in 1994 by forty revisers and eight editors. The Psalms
were again revised between 2009 and 2010 by an additional seven revisers and two editors.
The fully revised Old Testament
was formally approved by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
in 2010. The 1986-edition of the New Testament
and the newly-revised Old Testament
were released together on March 9, 2011 as the New American Bible Revised Edition.
Details of revision history prior to beginning of revision on the Old Testament
in 1994 can be found here: New American Bible
.
.
First, the new translation aims to utilize modern scholastic advances in biblical study and adapt to changes in linguistics in order to render a more accurate translation in contemporary English.
Second, the new translation takes advantage of recently discovered ancient manuscripts like the Dead Sea Scrolls
which provide better access to the historical textual tradition.
Third, the new translation uses the best manuscript-translating traditions available in order to translate more literally and accurately than previous translations. The press statement claims that the New American Bible Revised Edition will in many ways be a more literal translation than the original New American Bible
. The Psalms
, in particular, received special attention to provide a smooth, rhythmic translation which both retains the concrete imagery of the original Hebrew and also provides for easy singing or recitation.
. In 1994, the National Conference of Catholic Bishops agreed to pass the resolution and form a steering committee/editorial board to direct the revision. The editorial board for the majority of the Old Testament
consisted of 8 editors and 40 translators. In 2002, the Old Testament
(excluding the Psalms
) was completed and sent to the Subcommittee for the Translation of Scripture Text (previously, the Ad Hoc Committee for the Review of Scripture Translations) to see if it was a suitable Catholic translation. In September 2008, the last book (Jeremiah
) of the Old Testament
was accepted by the Subcommittee.
In November 2008, the Old Testament
(including footnotes and introductions) was approved by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
. However, they would not allow it to be published with the 1991 Psalms
. A final revision of the NAB Psalter was undertaken using suggestions vetted by the Subcommittee for the Translation of Scripture Text and stricter conformity to Liturgiam Authenticam
.
have been the most controversial book of the Old Testament
during the course of the revisions leading up to the publication of the New American Bible Revised Edition. The controversy is related to the adaptaion of the New American Bible
text's use in the official liturgy of the Catholic Church in the United States
.
The first revision of the Psalms in 1991 was rejected for liturgical use by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments at the Vatican because of the extensive application of inclusive language in the text.
Example: “Blessed the man” (Ps. 1:1)-- a literal translation of the Hebrew—was replaced by “happy those” in the 1991 revision. This particular phrase has reverted in 2010 Psalms to "Blessed the man."
The current liturgical text of the Psalms was modified under the supervision of the a Congregation of the Holy See
and the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops for use in the Roman Catholic liturgy in 2000. The Vatican
Congregation accepted some use of inclusive language, such as where the speaker is speaking of one of unknown gender (rendering "person" in place of "man"), but rejected any changes relating to God or Christ.
The newly-revised Psalms found in the New American Bible Revised Edition follows the guidelines of Liturgiam Authenticam
, a document issued by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. Throughout the new translation of the Psalms, the use of inclusive language has been limited and appropriate gender-specific pronouns used in conjunction with the original Hebrew.
Similarly, "holocaust" has been changed to "burnt offering". The word "holocaust" in modern English has become used almost exclusively to refer to the attempted genocide of the Jewish people during World War II
. In order to capture the biblical meaning, the translators chose the phrase "burnt offering" to replace "holocaust" throughout the text in reference to sacrifices made to God.
According to a press backgrounder released by the USCCB, the New American Bible Revised Edition "reflects the original meaning of the texts. Much of the original material, especially in the narrative books, was gender specific and remains so."
The USCCB stated in its press backgrounder that "all references to God retain the traditional use of masculine pronouns" in the New American Bible Revised Edition.
would be published on March 9 of that year. To be known as the "New American Bible, Revised Edition" or NABRE, the fourth edition of the NAB includes the newly revised Old Testament and re-revised Psalms, and the revised New Testament from the 1986 second edition. While the NABRE represents a revision of the NAB towards conformity towards Liturgiam Authenticam
, there have not been any announced plans to use the NABRE for the lectionary in the United States.
Among press coverage on the release of the New American Bible Revised Edition on March 9, 2011 were interviews on local news channels, national news coverage by NPR
and NBC
, as well as a variety of articles by online journals and publications.
New American Bible
The New American Bible is a Catholic Bible translation first published in 1970. It had its beginnings in the Confraternity Bible, which began to be translated from the original languages in 1948....
text in over 20 years. A Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
bible translation, the New American Bible
New American Bible
The New American Bible is a Catholic Bible translation first published in 1970. It had its beginnings in the Confraternity Bible, which began to be translated from the original languages in 1948....
was first published in its entirety in 1970, sponsored by Confraternity of Christian Doctrine
Confraternity of Christian Doctrine
The Confraternity of Christian Doctrine was an association established at Rome in 1562 for the purpose of giving religious education. Its modern usage, often abbreviated CCD or C.C.D., is a religious education program of the Catholic Church, normally designed for children.-History:Until the...
.
Revisions to the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, the work of thirteen revisers and five editors, began in 1978 and finished in 1986. The Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
revisions began in 1991 with the Psalms
Psalms
The Book of Psalms , commonly referred to simply as Psalms, is a book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Bible...
, completed by 30 revisers and 6 editors. Revisions to the remaining books of the Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
began in 1994 by forty revisers and eight editors. The Psalms
Psalms
The Book of Psalms , commonly referred to simply as Psalms, is a book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Bible...
were again revised between 2009 and 2010 by an additional seven revisers and two editors.
The fully revised Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
was formally approved by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops is the episcopal conference of the Catholic Church in the United States. Founded in 1966 as the joint National Conference of Catholic Bishops and United States Catholic Conference, it is composed of all active and retired members of the Catholic...
in 2010. The 1986-edition of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
and the newly-revised Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
were released together on March 9, 2011 as the New American Bible Revised Edition.
Details of revision history prior to beginning of revision on the Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
in 1994 can be found here: New American Bible
New American Bible
The New American Bible is a Catholic Bible translation first published in 1970. It had its beginnings in the Confraternity Bible, which began to be translated from the original languages in 1948....
.
Need for Revision
In a press statement, the USCCB cited three reasons for the necessity of revising the Old TestamentOld Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
.
First, the new translation aims to utilize modern scholastic advances in biblical study and adapt to changes in linguistics in order to render a more accurate translation in contemporary English.
Second, the new translation takes advantage of recently discovered ancient manuscripts like the Dead Sea Scrolls
Dead Sea scrolls
The Dead Sea Scrolls are a collection of 972 texts from the Hebrew Bible and extra-biblical documents found between 1947 and 1956 on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea, from which they derive their name...
which provide better access to the historical textual tradition.
Third, the new translation uses the best manuscript-translating traditions available in order to translate more literally and accurately than previous translations. The press statement claims that the New American Bible Revised Edition will in many ways be a more literal translation than the original New American Bible
New American Bible
The New American Bible is a Catholic Bible translation first published in 1970. It had its beginnings in the Confraternity Bible, which began to be translated from the original languages in 1948....
. The Psalms
Psalms
The Book of Psalms , commonly referred to simply as Psalms, is a book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Bible...
, in particular, received special attention to provide a smooth, rhythmic translation which both retains the concrete imagery of the original Hebrew and also provides for easy singing or recitation.
Old Testament
In August 1990, the Catholic Bible Association passed a resolution urging revision of the Old Testament of the New American BibleNew American Bible
The New American Bible is a Catholic Bible translation first published in 1970. It had its beginnings in the Confraternity Bible, which began to be translated from the original languages in 1948....
. In 1994, the National Conference of Catholic Bishops agreed to pass the resolution and form a steering committee/editorial board to direct the revision. The editorial board for the majority of the Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
consisted of 8 editors and 40 translators. In 2002, the Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
(excluding the Psalms
Psalms
The Book of Psalms , commonly referred to simply as Psalms, is a book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Bible...
) was completed and sent to the Subcommittee for the Translation of Scripture Text (previously, the Ad Hoc Committee for the Review of Scripture Translations) to see if it was a suitable Catholic translation. In September 2008, the last book (Jeremiah
Jeremiah
Jeremiah Hebrew：יִרְמְיָה , Modern Hebrew:Yirməyāhū, IPA: jirməˈjaːhu, Tiberian:Yirmĭyahu, Greek:Ἰερεμίας), meaning "Yahweh exalts", or called the "Weeping prophet" was one of the main prophets of the Hebrew Bible...
) of the Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
was accepted by the Subcommittee.
In November 2008, the Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
(including footnotes and introductions) was approved by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops is the episcopal conference of the Catholic Church in the United States. Founded in 1966 as the joint National Conference of Catholic Bishops and United States Catholic Conference, it is composed of all active and retired members of the Catholic...
. However, they would not allow it to be published with the 1991 Psalms
Psalms
The Book of Psalms , commonly referred to simply as Psalms, is a book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Bible...
. A final revision of the NAB Psalter was undertaken using suggestions vetted by the Subcommittee for the Translation of Scripture Text and stricter conformity to Liturgiam Authenticam
Liturgiam Authenticam
Liturgiam Authenticam is an instruction of the Holy See, dated 28 March 2001, that included the requirement that, in translations of the liturgical texts from the official Latin originals, "the original text, insofar as possible, must be translated integrally and in the most exact manner, without...
.
Psalms
The PsalmsPsalms
The Book of Psalms , commonly referred to simply as Psalms, is a book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Bible...
have been the most controversial book of the Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
during the course of the revisions leading up to the publication of the New American Bible Revised Edition. The controversy is related to the adaptaion of the New American Bible
New American Bible
The New American Bible is a Catholic Bible translation first published in 1970. It had its beginnings in the Confraternity Bible, which began to be translated from the original languages in 1948....
text's use in the official liturgy of the Catholic Church in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
The first revision of the Psalms in 1991 was rejected for liturgical use by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments at the Vatican because of the extensive application of inclusive language in the text.
Example: “Blessed the man” (Ps. 1:1)-- a literal translation of the Hebrew—was replaced by “happy those” in the 1991 revision. This particular phrase has reverted in 2010 Psalms to "Blessed the man."
The current liturgical text of the Psalms was modified under the supervision of the a Congregation of the Holy See
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
and the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops for use in the Roman Catholic liturgy in 2000. The Vatican
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
Congregation accepted some use of inclusive language, such as where the speaker is speaking of one of unknown gender (rendering "person" in place of "man"), but rejected any changes relating to God or Christ.
The newly-revised Psalms found in the New American Bible Revised Edition follows the guidelines of Liturgiam Authenticam
Liturgiam Authenticam
Liturgiam Authenticam is an instruction of the Holy See, dated 28 March 2001, that included the requirement that, in translations of the liturgical texts from the official Latin originals, "the original text, insofar as possible, must be translated integrally and in the most exact manner, without...
, a document issued by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. Throughout the new translation of the Psalms, the use of inclusive language has been limited and appropriate gender-specific pronouns used in conjunction with the original Hebrew.
Changes to Words Used
One of the more important changes found in the New American Bible Revised Edition is the substitution of various words and phrases for language which carries a modern connotation which is quite different from the originally intended meaning. Examples include changing "cereal" to "grain" and "booty" to "plunder."Examples
| New American Bible New American Bible The New American Bible is a Catholic Bible translation first published in 1970. It had its beginnings in the Confraternity Bible, which began to be translated from the original languages in 1948.... | New American Bible Revised Edition New American Bible Revised Edition The New American Bible Revised Edition is the first major update to the New American Bible text in over 20 years. A Catholic bible translation, the New American Bible was first published in its entirety in 1970, sponsored by Confraternity of Christian Doctrine.Revisions to the New Testament, the... |
|---|---|
| Leviticus 2:1--"When anyone wishes to bring a cereal offering to the LORD, his offering must consist of fine flour." | Leviticus 2:1--"When anyone brings a grain offering to the LORD, the offering must consist of bran flour." |
| Isaiah 49:24-2--"Thus says the LORD: Can booty be taken from a warrior?" | Isaiah 49:24-2--"Can plunder be taken from a warrior [?]" |
Similarly, "holocaust" has been changed to "burnt offering". The word "holocaust" in modern English has become used almost exclusively to refer to the attempted genocide of the Jewish people during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. In order to capture the biblical meaning, the translators chose the phrase "burnt offering" to replace "holocaust" throughout the text in reference to sacrifices made to God.
Sample Text Changes
| New American Bible New American Bible The New American Bible is a Catholic Bible translation first published in 1970. It had its beginnings in the Confraternity Bible, which began to be translated from the original languages in 1948.... | New American Bible Revised Edition New American Bible Revised Edition The New American Bible Revised Edition is the first major update to the New American Bible text in over 20 years. A Catholic bible translation, the New American Bible was first published in its entirety in 1970, sponsored by Confraternity of Christian Doctrine.Revisions to the New Testament, the... |
|---|---|
| Joel 3:1-5 Then afterward I will pour out my spirit upon all mankind. Your sons and daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions; Even upon the servants and the handmaids, in those days, I will pour out my spirit. And I will work wonders in the heavens and on the earth, blood, fire, and columns of smoke; The sun will be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood, At the coming of the Day of the LORD, the great and terrible day. Then everyone shall be rescued who calls on the name of the LORD; For on Mount Zion there shall be a remnant, as the LORD has said, And in Jerusalem survivors whom the LORD shall call. |
Joel 3:1-5 It shall come to pass I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions. Even upon your male and female servants, in those days, I will pour out my spirit. I will set signs in the heavens and on the earth, blood, fire, and columns of smoke; The sun will darken, the moon turn blood-red. Before the day of the LORD arrives, that great and terrible day. Then everyone who calls upon the name of the LORD will escape harm. For on Mount Zion there will be a remnant, as the LORD has said, And in Jerusalem survivors whom the LORD will summon. |
| Sirach 51:1-4a I give you thanks, O God of my father; I praise you, O God my savior! I will make known your name, refuge of my life; you have been my helper against my adversaries. You have saved me from death, and kept back my body from the pit, From the clutches of the nether world you have snatched my feet; you have delivered me, in your great mercy From the scourge of a slanderous tongue, and from lips that went over to falsehood; From the snare of those who watched for my downfall, and from the power of those who sought my life; From many a danger you have saved me, from flames that hemmed me in on every side. |
Sirach 51: 1-4a I give you thanks, Lord and King, I praise you, God my savior! I declare your name, refuge of my life, because you have ransomed my life from death; You held back my body from the pit, and delivered my foot from the power of Sheol. You have preserved me from the scourge of the slanderous tongue, and from the lips of those who went over to falsehood. You were with me against those who rise up against me; You have rescued me according to your abundant mercy From the snare of those who look for my downfall, and from the power of those who seek my life. From many dangers you have saved me, from flames that beset me on every side. |
Inclusive Language
In general, "inclusive language" is language that is formulated to specifically include women by avoiding generic masculine forms such as he/him/men/man. The New American Bible Revised Edition has translated all references to human beings using inclusive words or phrases because male pronouns are understood in North American English to be gender-specific. Inclusive language is the rule except where the use of inclusive language would create awkward phrasing. One of the most common concerns among more conservative Catholics awaiting the release of the New American Bible Revised Edition was whether or not the bible would be translated with so-called "horizontal" and/or "vertical" inclusive language. Modern liturgy and bible scholars make a distinction between "horizontal" inclusive language—those words and phrases that refer to relationships between human beings—and "vertical" inclusive language—words and phrases that denote the relationship between human beings and God.Horizontal Inclusive Language
As it relates to bible translations, "horizontal" inclusive language translates gender-specific pronouns and words like "man" and "mankind" to gender-neutral pronouns such as "they" or "you" for "he." Other examples are "people" for "men" and "brothers & sisters" for "relatives." Thus, a particular passage in scripture might be rendered with inclusive language to avoid any sense that the teaching in the passage is for men only, rather than for men and women alike.According to a press backgrounder released by the USCCB, the New American Bible Revised Edition "reflects the original meaning of the texts. Much of the original material, especially in the narrative books, was gender specific and remains so."
Vertical Inclusive Language
Whereas horizontal inclusive language is generally viewed as an understandable adaptation in light of modern gender sensitivity, "vertical" inclusive language—any pronoun or referent to the Christian God—is considered a break from both tradition and Christian revelation. The Catholic Magisterium has made it clear that any gender-neutral language in reference to any of the three persons of the Holy Trinity—Father, Son, or Holy Spirit—is unacceptable. According to Catholic teaching, God is always to be written and spoken of as a male entity, especially in light of teaching regarding Jesus Christ's incarnation as a man.The USCCB stated in its press backgrounder that "all references to God retain the traditional use of masculine pronouns" in the New American Bible Revised Edition.
Completed Revision Release
In January 2011, the USCCB announced that the fourth edition of the NABNew American Bible
The New American Bible is a Catholic Bible translation first published in 1970. It had its beginnings in the Confraternity Bible, which began to be translated from the original languages in 1948....
would be published on March 9 of that year. To be known as the "New American Bible, Revised Edition" or NABRE, the fourth edition of the NAB includes the newly revised Old Testament and re-revised Psalms, and the revised New Testament from the 1986 second edition. While the NABRE represents a revision of the NAB towards conformity towards Liturgiam Authenticam
Liturgiam Authenticam
Liturgiam Authenticam is an instruction of the Holy See, dated 28 March 2001, that included the requirement that, in translations of the liturgical texts from the official Latin originals, "the original text, insofar as possible, must be translated integrally and in the most exact manner, without...
, there have not been any announced plans to use the NABRE for the lectionary in the United States.
Among press coverage on the release of the New American Bible Revised Edition on March 9, 2011 were interviews on local news channels, national news coverage by NPR
NPR
NPR, formerly National Public Radio, is a privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization that serves as a national syndicator to a network of 900 public radio stations in the United States. NPR was created in 1970, following congressional passage of the Public Broadcasting...
and NBC
NBC
The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcasting television network and former radio network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Rockefeller Center with additional major offices near Los Angeles and in Chicago...
, as well as a variety of articles by online journals and publications.
Licensed Publishers of the NABRE
- Saint Benedict PressSaint benedict pressSaint Benedict Press, LLC , a division of Goodwill Publishers, is a publisher founded in Charlotte, NC in 2006.-History:The Saint Benedict Press Classics line first began in 2006. This product line started with public domain classic Catholic titles as a direct competitor for TAN Books and Publishers...
- Oxford University PressOxford University PressOxford University Press is the largest university press in the world. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics appointed by the Vice-Chancellor known as the Delegates of the Press. They are headed by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as...
- Catholic Book Publishing
- Fireside
- Our Sunday VisitorOur Sunday VisitorOur Sunday Visitor is a Roman Catholic publishing company in Huntington, Indiana which prints the American national weekly newspaper of that name, as well as numerous Catholic periodicals, religious books, pamphlets, catechetical materials, inserts for parish bulletins and offertory envelopes....
- Soul-Centered Enterprises
- American Bible SocietyAmerican Bible SocietyThe American Bible Society is an interconfessional, non-denominational, nonprofit organization, founded in 1816 in New York City, which publishes, distributes and translates the Bible and provides study aids and other tools to help people engage with the Bible.It is probably best known for its...
- Liturgical Press
- Autom
- Royal
- Saint Mary’s Press
- DeVore
- JustWord
External links
- Meet the 'New' New American Bible http://inthemedia.cua.edu/NCRNewAmericanBibleRevisedEdition.cfm
- Q&A About the NABRE http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=145833142136861
- U.S. Catholic Church Rolls Out New Bible Translation http://www.npr.org/2011/03/06/134307769/U-S-Catholic-Church-Rolls-Out-New-Bible-Translation
- Why do we need a new translation? The Bible hasn’t changed, has it? http://www.usccb.org/nab/bible/faqs.shtml