Mühlau
Encyclopedia
For the town in Germany, see Mühlau, Germany
.
Mühlau is a municipality
in the district of Muri
in the canton
of Aargau
in Switzerland
.
villa. The modern municipality of Mühlau is first mentioned in 1274 as Mulnowe. During the High
and Late Middle Ages
the major landholders in Mühlau were the Lords of Hünenberg, the Freie of Eschenbach and the Cistercian monastery at Eschenbach. From 1393/94 until 1803 it was part of the Merenschwand
district. In 1810 the municipality of Mühlau was formed, containing the hamlet of Krähenbühl. In 1878 the hamlets of Schoren and Kestenberg left Merenschwand to join the municipality.
It was part of the parish
of Sins
, though the hamlets
of Schoren and Kestenberg were part of the Merenschwand parish. In 1582, the St. Anna Chapel was consecrated
. In 1852-53 the present parish church
of St. Anna was constructed.
In 1881 the rail line from Muri
to Rotkreuz was built through the village. Mühlau rail station was finished in 1885. In 1940 the Reuss river bridge replaced the ferry, which had been in service since 1393.
Mühlau is still a farming village. In 2005 agriculture provided almost a third of the jobs in the community.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 5.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.5%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 43.3% is used for growing crops and 25.5% is pastures, while 1.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 2.7% is unproductive vegetation.
The municipality is located in the Muri district, on a southern ridge of the Wagenrain above the Reuss. It consists of the linear village
of Mühlau and the hamlets of Kestenberg, Schoren and Krähenbühl.
of the municipal coat of arms
is Or a Base-Semi Mill-Wheel Sable and Coupeaux Vert.
(93.1%), with English
being second most common ( 1.5%) and Albanian
being third ( 1.5%).
The age distribution, , in Mühlau is; 97 children or 9.8% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 146 teenagers or 14.7% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 134 people or 13.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 130 people or 13.1% are between 30 and 39, 191 people or 19.3% are between 40 and 49, and 142 people or 14.3% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 67 people or 6.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 54 people or 5.4% are between 70 and 79, there are 26 people or 2.6% who are between 80 and 89,and there are 4 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.59 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.57 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 55.2% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 38 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 153 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 164 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. , there were 368 private households (homes and apartments) in the municipality, and an average of 2.6 persons per household. there were 161 single family homes (or 39.0% of the total) out of a total of 413 homes and apartments. There were a total of 1 empty apartments for a 0.2% vacancy rate. , the construction rate of new housing units was 8 new units per 1000 residents.
In the 2007 federal election
the most popular party was the SVP
which received 44.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
(24.5%), the FDP
(10.2%) and the SP
(9.5%).
The historical population is given in the following table:
there were 513 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 382 or about 74.5% of the residents worked outside Mühlau while 67 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 198 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 9.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 57% used a private car.
.
). Of the school age population , there are 65 students attending primary school in the municipality. Mühlau is home to the Schul-u.Gde.Bibliothek Mühlau (school and municipal library of Mühlau). The library has 4,500 books or other media, and loaned out 7,485 items in the same year. It was open a total of 36 days with average of 5 hours per week during that year.
Mühlau, Germany
Mühlau is a municipality in the district of Mittelsachsen, in Saxony, Germany. Mühlau lies in the arch mountain foothills approximately 3 kilometers to the north of Limbach-Oberfrohna, and 15 kilometers northwest of Chemnitz. The settlers of Mühlau originally came from Mehlem on the Rhine...
.
Mühlau is a municipality
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...
in the district of Muri
Muri (district)
Muri District is a district in the Swiss Canton of Aargau with the administrative capital of Muri. It covers the central and southern part of Freiamt and has a population of .-Geography:...
in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Aargau
Aargau
Aargau is one of the more northerly cantons of Switzerland. It comprises the lower course of the river Aare, which is why the canton is called Aar-gau .-History:...
in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
.
History
The earliest evidence of human settlement in Mühlau is the remains of a RomanSwitzerland in the Roman era
The history of Switzerland in the Roman era encompasses the roughly six centuries during which the territory of modern Switzerland was a part of the Roman Republic and Empire...
villa. The modern municipality of Mühlau is first mentioned in 1274 as Mulnowe. During the High
High Middle Ages
The High Middle Ages was the period of European history around the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries . The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which by convention end around 1500....
and Late Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages
The Late Middle Ages was the period of European history generally comprising the 14th to the 16th century . The Late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern era ....
the major landholders in Mühlau were the Lords of Hünenberg, the Freie of Eschenbach and the Cistercian monastery at Eschenbach. From 1393/94 until 1803 it was part of the Merenschwand
Merenschwand
Merenschwand is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.-History:The earliest evidence of human settlement is a lake side village from the Late Bronze Age. The lake has since silted up and is now part of the Rütiweid meadow...
district. In 1810 the municipality of Mühlau was formed, containing the hamlet of Krähenbühl. In 1878 the hamlets of Schoren and Kestenberg left Merenschwand to join the municipality.
It was part of the parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
of Sins
Sins, Switzerland
Sins is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.-Geography:Sins has an area, , of . Of this area, or 72.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 17.4% is forested...
, though the hamlets
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...
of Schoren and Kestenberg were part of the Merenschwand parish. In 1582, the St. Anna Chapel was consecrated
Consecration
Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service, usually religious. The word "consecration" literally means "to associate with the sacred". Persons, places, or things can be consecrated, and the term is used in various ways by different groups...
. In 1852-53 the present parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....
of St. Anna was constructed.
In 1881 the rail line from Muri
Muri
Muri, Formerly known as Muri , is a municipality in southeastern Swiss Canton Aargau and is the capital of same district. The present municipality of Muri was created in 1816 from the merging of the four municipalities Langdorf, Egg, Hasli and Wey....
to Rotkreuz was built through the village. Mühlau rail station was finished in 1885. In 1940 the Reuss river bridge replaced the ferry, which had been in service since 1393.
Mühlau is still a farming village. In 2005 agriculture provided almost a third of the jobs in the community.
Geography
Mühlau has an area, , of 5.52 square kilometres (2.1 sq mi). Of this area, 3.86 km² (1.5 sq mi) or 69.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.73 km² (0.281854575772551 sq mi) or 13.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.6 km² (0.231661295155521 sq mi) or 10.9% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.17 km² (0.065637366960731 sq mi) or 3.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.15 km² (37.1 acre) or 2.7% is unproductive land.Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 5.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.5%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 43.3% is used for growing crops and 25.5% is pastures, while 1.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 2.7% is unproductive vegetation.
The municipality is located in the Muri district, on a southern ridge of the Wagenrain above the Reuss. It consists of the linear village
Linear village
In geography, a linear village, or linear settlement, is a small to medium-sized settlement that is formed around a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal. Wraysbury, a village in Berkshire, is one of the longest villages in England....
of Mühlau and the hamlets of Kestenberg, Schoren and Krähenbühl.
Coat of arms
The blazonBlazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...
of the municipal coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
is Or a Base-Semi Mill-Wheel Sable and Coupeaux Vert.
Demographics
Mühlau has a population of , 9.6% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 1.6%. Most of the population speaks GermanGerman language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
(93.1%), with English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
being second most common ( 1.5%) and Albanian
Albanian language
Albanian is an Indo-European language spoken by approximately 7.6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, southern Serbia and northwestern Greece...
being third ( 1.5%).
The age distribution, , in Mühlau is; 97 children or 9.8% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 146 teenagers or 14.7% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 134 people or 13.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 130 people or 13.1% are between 30 and 39, 191 people or 19.3% are between 40 and 49, and 142 people or 14.3% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 67 people or 6.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 54 people or 5.4% are between 70 and 79, there are 26 people or 2.6% who are between 80 and 89,and there are 4 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.59 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.57 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 55.2% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 38 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 153 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 164 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. , there were 368 private households (homes and apartments) in the municipality, and an average of 2.6 persons per household. there were 161 single family homes (or 39.0% of the total) out of a total of 413 homes and apartments. There were a total of 1 empty apartments for a 0.2% vacancy rate. , the construction rate of new housing units was 8 new units per 1000 residents.
In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...
the most popular party was the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...
which received 44.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...
(24.5%), the FDP
Free Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Free Democratic Party was a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It was one of the major parties in Switzerland until its merger with the smaller classical liberal Liberal Party, to form FDP.The Liberals on 1 January 2009....
(10.2%) and the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(9.5%).
The historical population is given in the following table:
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1850 | 347 |
| 1900 | 586 |
| 1950 | 580 |
| 1980 | 632 |
| 1990 | 815 |
| 2000 | 980 |
Economy
, Mühlau had an unemployment rate of 1.29%. , there were 80 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 27 businesses involved in this sector. 81 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 12 businesses in this sector. 87 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 29 businesses in this sector.there were 513 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 382 or about 74.5% of the residents worked outside Mühlau while 67 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 198 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 9.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 57% used a private car.
Religion
From the , 666 or 68.0% were Roman Catholic, while 165 or 16.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed ChurchSwiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...
.
Education
In Mühlau about 76.6% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a FachhochschuleFachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
). Of the school age population , there are 65 students attending primary school in the municipality. Mühlau is home to the Schul-u.Gde.Bibliothek Mühlau (school and municipal library of Mühlau). The library has 4,500 books or other media, and loaned out 7,485 items in the same year. It was open a total of 36 days with average of 5 hours per week during that year.