Mujaddid
Encyclopedia
A Mujaddid according to the popular Muslim tradition, refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, remove from it any extraneous elements and restore it to its pristine purity. A mujaddid might be a caliph
, a saint (wali)
, a prominent teacher, a scholar or some other kind of influential person.
The concept is based on the following Prophetic tradition (hadith
): Abu Hurairah
narrated that the Islamic prophet
Muhammad
said;
Second Century (August 10, 815)
Third Century (August 17, 912)
Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)
Fifth Century (September 1, 1106)
Sixth Century (September 9, 1203)
Seventh Century (September 5, 1300)
Eighth Century (September 23, 1397)
Ninth Century (October 1, 1494)
Tenth Century (October 19, 1591)
Eleventh Century (October 26, 1688)
Twelfth Century (November 4, 1785)
Thirteenth Century (November 12, 1882)
Fourteenth Century (November 21, 1979)
Fifteenth Century (November 27, 2076)
Caliph
The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
, a saint (wali)
Wali
Walī , is an Arabic word meaning "custodian", "protector", "sponsor", or authority as denoted by its definition "crown". "Wali" is someone who has "Walayah" over somebody else. For example, in Fiqh the father is wali of his children. In Islam, the phrase ولي الله walīyu 'llāh...
, a prominent teacher, a scholar or some other kind of influential person.
The concept is based on the following Prophetic tradition (hadith
Hadith
The term Hadīth is used to denote a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad....
): Abu Hurairah
Abu Hurairah
Abu Hurairah , was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the narrator of Hadith most quoted in the isnad by Sunnis.-Early life:...
narrated that the Islamic prophet
Prophets of Islam
Muslims identify the Prophets of Islam as those humans chosen by God and given revelation to deliver to mankind. Muslims believe that every prophet was given a belief to worship God and their respective followers believed it as well...
Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
said;
List of people claimed to be Mujaddid
First Century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)- Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (682–720)
Second Century (August 10, 815)
- Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`iMuhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`iAbū ʿAbdullāh Muhammad ibn Idrīs al-Shafiʿī was a Muslim jurist, who lived from 767 CE to 820 CE. He was active in juridical matters and his teaching eventually led to the Shafi'i school of fiqh named after him. Hence he is often called Imam al-Shafi'i...
(767–820)
Third Century (August 17, 912)
- Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ariAbu al-Hasan al-Ash'ariAbū al-Hasan Alī ibn Ismā'īl al-Ash'arī was a Muslim Arab theologian and the founder of the Ash'ari school of early Islamic philosophy and Islamic theology.-Biography:...
(874) – (936)
Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)
- Hakim al-NishaburiHakim al-NishaburiAbu Abd-Allah Muhammad ibn Abd-Allah al-Hakim al-Nishaburi , and also known as Ibn Al-Baiyi.) was a Sunni scholar and the leading traditionist of his age, frequently referred to as the "Imam of the Muhaddithin" or the "Muhaddith of Khorasan."-Biography:Al-Hakim, who hailed from Nishapur, had vast...
(933–1012)
Fifth Century (September 1, 1106)
- Muhammad al-Ghazali (1058–1111)
Sixth Century (September 9, 1203)
- Fakhr al-Din al-RaziFakhr al-Din al-RaziAbu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Umar ibn al-Husayn al-Taymi al-Bakri al-Tabaristani Fakhr al-Din al-Razi , most commonly known as Fakhruddin Razi was a well-known Persian Sunni Muslim theologian and philosopher....
(1149–1210)
Seventh Century (September 5, 1300)
- Muhammad ibn ArabiIbn ArabiIbn ʿArabī was an Andalusian Moorish Sufi mystic and philosopher. His full name was Abū 'Abdillāh Muḥammad ibn 'Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn `Arabī .-Biography:...
(1165–1240)
- Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328)
Eighth Century (September 23, 1397)
- Ibn Hajar al-AsqalaniIbn Hajar al-AsqalaniAl-Haafidh Shihabuddin Abu'l-Fadl Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Muhammad, better known as Ibn Hajar due to the fame of his forefathers, al-Asqalani due to his family origin , was a medieval Shafiite Sunni scholar of Islam who represents the entire realm of the Sunni world in the field of Hadith...
(1372–1448)
Ninth Century (October 1, 1494)
- Jalaludin Al-SuyutiAl-SuyutiJalaluddin Al-Suyuti also known as Ibn al-Kutub was an Egyptian writer, religious scholar, juristic expert and teacher whose works deal with a wide variety of subjects in Islamic theology. He was precocious and was already a teacher in 1462. In 1486, he was appointed to a chair in the mosque of...
(1445–1505)
Tenth Century (October 19, 1591)
- Khayr al-Din al-RamliKhayr al-Din al-RamliKhayr al-Din ibn Ahmad ibn Nur al-Din Ali ibn Zayn al-Din ibn Abd al-Wahab al-Ayubi al-Alami , better known as Khayr al-Din al-Ramli , was a 17th century Islamic jurist, teacher and writer in then Ottoman-ruled Palestine...
(1585–1671)
Eleventh Century (October 26, 1688)
- Ahmad SirhindiAhmad SirhindiImām Rabbānī Shaykh Ahmad al-Farūqī al-Sirhindī was an Indian Islamic scholar from Punjab, a Hanafi jurist, and a prominent member of the Naqshbandī Sufi order. He is described as Mujaddid Alf Thānī, meaning the "reviver of the second millennium", for his work in rejuvenating Islam and opposing...
(1564–1624)
- Abd Allah ibn Alawi al-HaddadImam al-HaddadImam Abd Allah ibn Alawi al-Haddad born in 1634 CE .He lived his entire life in the town of Tarim in Yemen’s Valley of Hadramawt and died there in 1720 CE .In Islamic history, he was considered one of the sages...
(1634–1720)
Twelfth Century (November 4, 1785)
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792)
- Usman Dan FodioUsman dan FodioShaihu Usman dan Fodio , born Usuman ɓii Foduye, was the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate in 1809, a religious teacher, writer and Islamic promoter. Dan Fodio was one of a class of urbanized ethnic Fulani living in the Hausa States in what is today northern Nigeria...
(1752-1823)
Thirteenth Century (November 12, 1882)
- Shah Abdul Aziz DelhwiShah Abdul AzizAl Muhaddith Shah Abdul Aziz Dehlavi was one of the great Sunni Islamic scholar scholars of Hadith in India.-Biography:Shah Abdul Aziz was the eldest son of Shah Waliullah was only 17 years old when Shah Waliullah died...
(1745–1823)
Fourteenth Century (November 21, 1979)
- Mirza Ghulam AhmadMirza Ghulam AhmadMīrzā Ghulām Aḥmad was a religious figure from India and the founder of the Ahmadiyya Community. He claimed to be the Mujaddid of the 14th Islamic century, the promised Messiah , and the Mahdi awaited by the Muslims in the end days...
(1835-1908) – Note: Ghulam Ahmad proclaimed himself the Mujaddid of the 14th century, a claim which is accepted by the Ahmadiyya Muslim CommunityAhmadiyya Muslim CommunityThe Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is the larger of two communities that arose from the Ahmadiyya movement founded in 1889 in India by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian . The original movement split into two factions soon after the death of the founder...
, but rejected by most other Muslim communities, many of whom regard him as an apostate.
- Ahmed Raza Khan (1856–1921)
Fifteenth Century (November 27, 2076)
External links
Further reading
- Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). Journal of Turkish Studies 18 (1994): 1–15.
- Friedmann, Yohanan. "Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity". Oxford India Paperbacks