Muhammad Saleh Kamboh
Encyclopedia
Muhammad Saleh Kamboh Lahori was a noted Calligraphist and official biographer of Emperor Shah Jahan
and the teacher of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb
. Though a widely read person, little is known of the life of Muhammad Saleh Kamboh other than the works he composed. He was son of Mir Abdu-lla, Mushkin Kalam, whose title shows him to also have been a fine writer. He is believed to be younger brother of Inayat-Allah Kamboh
(Urdu: ) and worked as Shahi Dewan (Minister) with Governor of Lahore
.
. However, the work also includes information on Shah Jahan’s predecessors (particularly Akbar and Jahangir
) and a compendium of biographies of the Shaikhs, poets, and other notables who were contemporaries with Shah Jahan. It is considered to be one of the most important original sources of events during Shah Jahan's reign.
Muhammad Saleh was known as a poet
by the Persian title Kashfi and by Hindi
Subhan and is also stated to be an accomplished Hindi singer.
It is claimed by some accounts that Muhammad Saleh Kamboh served as a Mughal
Admiral
and unfortunately was killed while fighting alongside with his fleet against the Ahoms at Pandu
on Bengal
-Assam
border while helping General Abdus Salam
, the Faujdar
(infantry commander) of Hajo, during the tenure of Islam Khan Mashadi, the Mughal
Governor of Bengal
. The event referred to above is said to date 1636 AD which is not correct since Muhammadd Saleh was very much alive and is known to have completed his Amal-i Salih in 1659/60 AD soon after Aurangzeb
(Reign 1658 AD-1707 AD) became the emperor of India
in 1658 AD. According to Naimur Rehman Farooqi, the work was completed in 1669 AD.
It is also stated that when Shaikh Makhdum was appointed imperial "Sadr-us-Sadur" (Chief Sadr, Chief Administrator or Prime Minister) after death of Sadr Sharif Khan during reign of Aurangzeb
, Muhammad Salih Kamboh was appointed Peshdast (deputy).
A mosque
known as Saleh Kamboh Mosque has been built with his name in Mochi Gate
, Walled City of Lahore
.
He is buried in Lahore
, though his grave location is currently disputed by the owners of the property.
Shah Jahan
Shah Jahan Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, , Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, , Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) (Full title: His Imperial Majesty Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan...
and the teacher of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhy-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir , more commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir , was the sixth Mughal Emperor of India, whose reign lasted from 1658 until his death in 1707.Badshah Aurangzeb, having ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for nearly...
. Though a widely read person, little is known of the life of Muhammad Saleh Kamboh other than the works he composed. He was son of Mir Abdu-lla, Mushkin Kalam, whose title shows him to also have been a fine writer. He is believed to be younger brother of Inayat-Allah Kamboh
Shaikh Inayat Allah Kamboh
Shaikh Inayat-Allah Kamboh was a scholar, writer and historian. He was son of Mir Abdu-lla, Mushkin Kalam, whose title shows him to also have been a fine writer...
(Urdu: ) and worked as Shahi Dewan (Minister) with Governor of Lahore
Lahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
.
As a Historian and a Poet
Muhammad Saleh is best remembered for his work Amal-i Salih, also referred to as Shah Jahan Namah (The History of Shah Jahan), which work he completed in 1659-60 AD. Amal-i-Salih is an account of the life and reign of Shah JahanShah Jahan
Shah Jahan Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, , Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, , Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) (Full title: His Imperial Majesty Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan...
. However, the work also includes information on Shah Jahan’s predecessors (particularly Akbar and Jahangir
Jahangir
Jahangir was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1605 until his death. The name Jahangir is from Persian جهانگیر,meaning "Conqueror of the World"...
) and a compendium of biographies of the Shaikhs, poets, and other notables who were contemporaries with Shah Jahan. It is considered to be one of the most important original sources of events during Shah Jahan's reign.
Muhammad Saleh was known as a poet
Poet
A poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
by the Persian title Kashfi and by Hindi
Hindi
Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
Subhan and is also stated to be an accomplished Hindi singer.
As a Soldier
In the list of mansabdars, Muhammad Saleh Kamboh is put down as a commander of five hundredIt is claimed by some accounts that Muhammad Saleh Kamboh served as a Mughal
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
Admiral
Admiral
Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet . It is usually abbreviated to "Adm" or "ADM"...
and unfortunately was killed while fighting alongside with his fleet against the Ahoms at Pandu
Pandu
In the Mahābhārata epic, King Pandu is the son of Ambalika and Rishi Ved Vyasa. He is more popularly known as the father of the Pandavas and ruled Hastinapur.-Birth:...
on Bengal
Bengal
Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous...
-Assam
Assam
Assam , also, rarely, Assam Valley and formerly the Assam Province , is a northeastern state of India and is one of the most culturally and geographically distinct regions of the country...
border while helping General Abdus Salam
Abdus Salam
Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk (Urdu: محمد عبد السلام, pronounced , (January 29, 1926– November 21, 1996) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his work on the electroweak unification of the...
, the Faujdar
Faujdar
Faujdar/Fouzder/Fouzdar/Foujdar was a title awarded by Muslim rulers to people who had responsibility of protecting some territory.In pre-Mughal times, the term referred to a military officer but did not refer to a specific rank. With the administrative reforms performed by Mughal emperor Akbar,...
(infantry commander) of Hajo, during the tenure of Islam Khan Mashadi, the Mughal
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
Governor of Bengal
Bengal
Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous...
. The event referred to above is said to date 1636 AD which is not correct since Muhammadd Saleh was very much alive and is known to have completed his Amal-i Salih in 1659/60 AD soon after Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhy-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir , more commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir , was the sixth Mughal Emperor of India, whose reign lasted from 1658 until his death in 1707.Badshah Aurangzeb, having ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for nearly...
(Reign 1658 AD-1707 AD) became the emperor of India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
in 1658 AD. According to Naimur Rehman Farooqi, the work was completed in 1669 AD.
It is also stated that when Shaikh Makhdum was appointed imperial "Sadr-us-Sadur" (Chief Sadr, Chief Administrator or Prime Minister) after death of Sadr Sharif Khan during reign of Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhy-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir , more commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir , was the sixth Mughal Emperor of India, whose reign lasted from 1658 until his death in 1707.Badshah Aurangzeb, having ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for nearly...
, Muhammad Salih Kamboh was appointed Peshdast (deputy).
Death
Date of Muhammad Saleh's death is not certain. S. M. Latif in his works states on unspecified authority that Muhammad Saleh Kamboh died in A. H. 1085 (1675 AD) which is accepted by some writers.A mosque
Mosque
A mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam. The word is likely to have entered the English language through French , from Portuguese , from Spanish , and from Berber , ultimately originating in — . The Arabic word masjid literally means a place of prostration...
known as Saleh Kamboh Mosque has been built with his name in Mochi Gate
Mochi Gate
The Mochi Gate locally known as Mochi Darwaza is located within the Walled City of Lahore in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Mochi Gate is a historical gate built by the Mughals. It is at the site of one of the thirteen gates of the old walled city of Lahore.The Darwaza used to exist next to the...
, Walled City of Lahore
Walled City of Lahore
The Walled City of Lahore, also known as the "Old City," or "Anderoon Shehr ," is the section of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, that was fortified by a city wall during the Mughal era.-Origins:The origins of the original Lahore are unspecific...
.
He is buried in Lahore
Lahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
, though his grave location is currently disputed by the owners of the property.
See also
- Kamboj in Muslim and British Era
- LahoreLahoreLahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
- Mochi GateMochi GateThe Mochi Gate locally known as Mochi Darwaza is located within the Walled City of Lahore in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Mochi Gate is a historical gate built by the Mughals. It is at the site of one of the thirteen gates of the old walled city of Lahore.The Darwaza used to exist next to the...
- Mughal EmpireMughal EmpireThe Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
- Shah JahanShah JahanShah Jahan Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, , Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, , Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) (Full title: His Imperial Majesty Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan...
- Walled City of LahoreWalled City of LahoreThe Walled City of Lahore, also known as the "Old City," or "Anderoon Shehr ," is the section of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, that was fortified by a city wall during the Mughal era.-Origins:The origins of the original Lahore are unspecific...
- Shaikh Inayat Allah KambohShaikh Inayat Allah KambohShaikh Inayat-Allah Kamboh was a scholar, writer and historian. He was son of Mir Abdu-lla, Mushkin Kalam, whose title shows him to also have been a fine writer...
External links
- http://www.cyberistan.org/misub9495106107.pdf
- http://www.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/IAS/6-han/database/SouthAsiaBooks.html