Moscow Monorail Transit System
Encyclopedia
The Moscow Monorail is a 4.7 kilometres (2.9 mi) long monorail
system located in the of Moscow
, Russia
. It runs from the metro station to Sergeya Eisensteina street. The monorail line has 6 stations. Planning of the monorail in Moscow started in 1998. This was a unique project for Russian companies which did not have prior experience in building monorails. 6,335,510,000 rubles (US$240 million) were spent by the city of Moscow on the monorail construction.
On 20 November 2004, the monorail opened in an "excursion mode". On 10 January 2008, the operation mode was changed to "transportation mode" with more frequent train service. Ticket prices were reduced from 50 rubles ($2) to 19 rubles ($0.50) which was the standard fare for Moscow rapid transport at that time.
The monorail is run by the Moskovsky Metropoliten
state-owned enterprise.
The decision to start monorail planning in Moscow was made by the Mayor of Moscow Yury Luzhkov after consultations with Yury Solomonov, the head of state-run Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology
(MITT) and Luzhkov's close associate. (Luzhkov and Solomonov jointly patented 19 inventions, including patent RU 2180295 "Monorail transport system". In 1999, Solomonov directed Luzhkov's mayor election campaign.) MITT previously developed military technology, but had no prior experience in monorail design. At the end of 1990s, MITT urgently needed funding, and looked for contracts from the Government of Moscow.
The modern history of Moscow monorail began on 17 July 1998 when Luzhkov tasked MITT, the Office of Transport and Communications and Moskomarchitechtura (NIiPI General Plan of Moscow) to draft the Moscow Monorail program and to prepare a preliminary technological and economical justification for the development of monorail routes in Moscow. These tasks were formulated in a short decree 777-RP "On the financing of project works on monorail transportation". MITT received 1.4 million rubles from Moscow budget. Deputy Premier of Moscow Government B.V. Nikolsky was assigned to supervise the project.
On 2 September 1998, Luzhkov signed a decree 996-RP "On the design and construction of new types of high-speed transportation in Moscow" which justified the development of monorail lines in Moscow. The decree stated that traditional public transportation could not handle the increasing passenger loads and that cardinal solution to that problem would be possible only through the development of new types of high-speed transportation that meet modern ecological and economical requirements, are comfortable and could be integrated with traditional transportation. The decree instructed the Office of Transport and Communications and the state-run Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering to continue work on the Moscow monorail transportation and to draft the layout of monorail lines by the first quarter of 1999. Luzhkov's decree proposed three monorail lines: from Novogireevo metro to Nikolo-Archangelskoe cemetery, from the metro Vykhino to Zhulebno district and from Krylatskoe to Krasnaya Presnya. However, all these proposed lines were later cancelled. Again, B.V. Nikolsky supervised the project.
On 16 February 1999, the decree 108-PP established an open joint-stock company
Moscow Monorail. The company was co-founded by the Department of State and the municipal property of Moscow City which acted on behalf of the Government of Moscow and had a 25% + 1 share. The total starting capital of Moscow Monorail was 100 million rubles. Vladimir Grigorievich Sister, the prefect of the North-Eastern Administrative Okrug
, represented the Government of Moscow in the company. General supervision over the decree implementation was conducted by B.V. Nikolsky. On 3 August 1999, Luzhkov's decree 738-RP established a commission for the supervision of the monorail works in the North-Eastern Administrative Okrug. Sister became the commission head.
By the first quarter of 2000, an experimental monorail test set was built at the MITT campus. Several trains were purchased from the Swiss company Intamin. The decree 49-PP specified the rules, regulations and parameters for the construction of the Moscow Monorail.
overpass to Severyanin railway station, but later the project was changed to connect two nearby metro stations (Timiryazevskaya and Botanichesky Sad) with the All-Russia Exhibition Centre
. At that time, Moscow competed for hosting EXPO-2010 and a modern monorail could improve the image of the exhibition site. This idea was finalized on 13 March 2001 in the Moscow Government decree 241-PP. On 21 June, tasks were assigned to the companies contracted to prepare the monorail project:
The development plan of the North-East Administrative Okrug prioritized the construction of the monorail linking metro stations Botanichesky Sad and Timiryazevskaya. This line was planned to be 8.6 km long and to have 9 stations. On 25 December 2001, it was decided that the monorail construction would be accomplished in two stages. The first stage would be the construction of the route from the metro station Timiryazevskaya to the All-Russia Exhibition Centre
. On 22 May 2001, the Government of Moscow announced that this line would open in the second quarter of 2003. The Government of Moscow also emphasized the uniqueness of the object and the lack of experience of Russian companies in such constructions. On 31 January 2002, it was decided that the monorail depot would be established at the territory of the Bauman tram depot where the Museum of Urban Passenger Transport had been previously located. To clear the space for the monorail subdivision of the depot, the museum exposition was first moved to a tram repair factory and then to a newly constructed building that opened in Strogino District on 10 September 1999.
Monorail train design had to be refined because the trains acquired from Intamin showed unsatisfactory performance in winter conditions. The refinement consisted of the installation of a linear engine that was engineered by the scientific centre "TEMP" (electromagnetic passenger transport). The Moscow Government documents called the monorail line being built "experimental".
By the end of June, the construction of the monorail line over Academician Korolev Street' tramway was finished and the station construction began. The station was also to be named Ulitsa Akademika Korolyova
. On 15 October, tram service was restored on the route from All-Russia Exhibition Centre
to the Ostankino TV center. In December, supports were installed throughout the route and the construction sites of all stations were defined. In April 2003, construction of Timiryazevskaya station began with the installation of support beams and building a rail switch.
The decree 866-PP issued by the Moscow Government on 14 October 2003 described in detail the procedure of launching the monorail and provided the technical parameters. The deadline of 24 October was set to form the acceptance committee. On 11 November, the MMTS Expocentre terminal received a new name - "Ulitsa Sergeya Eisensteina". On 21 November, special construction codes were established that restricted digging trenches, laying utilities, construction of building foundations, tunnelling works and other interferences in the strip of land adjacent to the monorail. The borders of this strip were demarcated as 25 metres from the monorail supports. Restrictions were also imposed on work that lowers the groundwater within 100 metres from the monorail.
In November 2003, most stations were nearing completion, and the rail construction was almost completed. In December, the first test runs of rolling stock were conducted.
The monorail opening was initially planned for the beginning of February 2004, but was delayed until 23 February. On 19 February, an acceptance certificate for the monorail was signed by the committee. On 21 February, during a trial run near Ulitsa of the Academic Koroleva, one of the trains ripped off 15 metres of the third rail. However, because of an accident, the monorail opening was delayed again.
On 20 April 2004, a decree "on the additional measures on the construction of the Moscow Monorail" 746-RP was issued. This decree rescheduled a number of construction deadlines from 2003 to 2004. In May, three trains were test run and the opening was delayed again for no given reason.
On the 11 November, information surfaced that the only work that remained to be accomplished before the line could be launched in an excursion mode was the installation of the automated control system. On the same day, Dmitry Gayev, director of the Moscow Metro, presented the line to the media.
. On 29 November, Timiryazevskaya station was opened for boarding and exiting. The cost for one ride during the excursion period was 50 rubles for adults, 25 rubles for students (>6 years of age) of universities, institutes and colleges and free rides for children under six years of age (later changed to seven).
At the beginning of 2005, a project for the continuation of the route was approved and the costs of that project were estimated. In July, the travel time from Timeryzevskaya to Ulitsa Sergei Eisensteina was cut down to about 22 minutes, the line's operating hours were extended to encompass 8:00 to 20:00 and the stations Vystavotchny Tsentr and Teletsentr were opened for passenger boarding and exiting. On 6 February, an electrical equipment near Vystavochny Tsentr station caught fire, with no injuries. Based on previous experience, the monorail was closed until 11 February, due to concern of a possible high voltage leak near the accident area.
On 7 May and 1 June, two accidents involving damage of the third rail happened Repair work in both cases took several days. It was decided to perform additional monorail reliability checks which suspended its opening until Q2 2006.
The last station was opened on 1 September 2006. On 19 and 20 October, the trial was conducted to assess the readiness of the line to have six trains en-route simultaneously. According to the monorail staff, these trials showed the lack of sufficient reliability of the rolling stock. Because of this, the launch of the transportation mode is delayed to Q1 2007.
During the off-hours of 26 December 2006, approximately 400 metres of trolley cable was damaged between stations Vystavochny Tsentr and Ulitsa Sergeya Eisensteina. The damaged site was repaired quickly and, on 30 December, the line continued operation. Allegedly, trolleys were damaged by an excavator or other heavy equipment. On 27 December, the repaired EPS 01 train was accepted for service and soon cannibalized for spare parts.
filed claims with the prosecutor of Moscow in regards to his beliefs that the government was making inefficient choices on budget matters in regards to the monorail. A deputy later published a large section of the complaint in a newspaper.
The period of time that the monorail was in excursion mode launched several complaints against the Moscow Government that were similar to Lebedev's. The highpoint of the complaints was on 20 August, when Dmitry Gayev
, answering a question about expansion asked by journalists, said: "This line still does not have any expansion plans, but this does not mean we have to shut it down. This monorail is experimental in nature and is in an experimental regime. Monorails have the right to live, and anything on the territory of Moscow has the right to live, but there is no plan for expansion.". The media took this to mean that the experiment with the monorail had ended, and that there would be no more plans to develop rapid monorail transit systems in the capital.
On 22 July 2008, the Moscow Government expanded the list of categories of citizens entitled to free use of the monorail services. In November 2008, the maximum number of trains on the line was increased from 5 to 6 and, on 1 December, a new schedule was introduced. The average daily usage of the monorail in 2008 was 9,600 passengers per day.
In 2009, the time of the train full circle time was reduced to 39 minutes 40 seconds. The minimal delay between the trains was also reduced by 20 seconds, to 6 minutes 35 seconds. The average daily usage of the monorail in 2009 was approximately 11,200 passengers per day, 17.3% higher than in the previous year. In 2010, the ticket price was increased to 26 roubles.
The monorail shares a unified station coding system with Moscow Metro
.
The average travel time between Timiryazevskaya and Ulitsa Sergeya Eisensteina stations is 17 minutes.
Management of the monorail line can be carried out automatically from the computer control room located in the Bauman train depot. Also at each station there are Station Dispatch rooms, so that rolling stock can be controlled remotely from the station. Currently, the monorail trains operate in a semiautomatic mode, where the electronic system controls the trains. There is also a manual mode in which the operator at the depot controls the trains. The monorail is powered by seven substations, one for each station and one for the depot.
For example, the journalist Alexandr Lebedev noted:
The amount of space per person on the monorail (either 200 people with 5 people per meter squared or 290 people at an average of about 8 people per meter squared) has been criticized as too little space for something deemed an "alternative to the light metro". For example, journalist Elena Komarova wrote in 2006 that:
However, the quote ignores the fact that the people per meter squared statistics listed above work out to about 50,000 people per day, which, taking into account the current capacity loads in the Moscow Metro, comes close to the hourly capacity loads of the Butovskaya Light Metro. If the fact that the existing cnumber of rolling stock held my the Monorail and dimensions of the rolling stock built for the first section of the depot is taken into account, such statistics do not match the potential of at least eight times, because (according to data on the company's website) trains can be made up of 10 cars (just like current Moscow Subway lines), and subway lines usually have 42-44 trains running per hour, which would satisfy the monorail's passenger traffic of 38 thousand people, per hour in both directions (or 23 thousand and hour under the existing six-car arrangement), which means the monorail can at least handle the same amount of traffic as the "Light Metro" and could possibly handle the daily volume of the Filyovskaya metro line
.
Supporters of the proejct state that the current above ground Moscow transport lines, along with the highways are in very poor condition, and the building of another Metro line would be too expensive and would lower the land values of area where construction would be taking palce due to the amount of noise.
Monorail
A monorail is a rail-based transportation system based on a single rail, which acts as its sole support and its guideway. The term is also used variously to describe the beam of the system, or the vehicles traveling on such a beam or track...
system located in the of Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. It runs from the metro station to Sergeya Eisensteina street. The monorail line has 6 stations. Planning of the monorail in Moscow started in 1998. This was a unique project for Russian companies which did not have prior experience in building monorails. 6,335,510,000 rubles (US$240 million) were spent by the city of Moscow on the monorail construction.
On 20 November 2004, the monorail opened in an "excursion mode". On 10 January 2008, the operation mode was changed to "transportation mode" with more frequent train service. Ticket prices were reduced from 50 rubles ($2) to 19 rubles ($0.50) which was the standard fare for Moscow rapid transport at that time.
The monorail is run by the Moskovsky Metropoliten
Moscow Metro
The Moscow Metro is a rapid transit system serving Moscow and the neighbouring town of Krasnogorsk. Opened in 1935 with one line and 13 stations, it was the first underground railway system in the Soviet Union. As of 2011, the Moscow Metro has 182 stations and its route length is . The system is...
state-owned enterprise.
Planning
In the 1990s, Moscow streets became jammed by private cars, which significantly interfered with public transport. This situation renewed interest in the monorail which could unload ground public transport. Estimates were published in the media that showed that building monorails would be 5-7 times cheaper than building new underground metro lines.The decision to start monorail planning in Moscow was made by the Mayor of Moscow Yury Luzhkov after consultations with Yury Solomonov, the head of state-run Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology
Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology
Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology a Russian scientific research institute that was founded on May 13, 1946...
(MITT) and Luzhkov's close associate. (Luzhkov and Solomonov jointly patented 19 inventions, including patent RU 2180295 "Monorail transport system". In 1999, Solomonov directed Luzhkov's mayor election campaign.) MITT previously developed military technology, but had no prior experience in monorail design. At the end of 1990s, MITT urgently needed funding, and looked for contracts from the Government of Moscow.
The modern history of Moscow monorail began on 17 July 1998 when Luzhkov tasked MITT, the Office of Transport and Communications and Moskomarchitechtura (NIiPI General Plan of Moscow) to draft the Moscow Monorail program and to prepare a preliminary technological and economical justification for the development of monorail routes in Moscow. These tasks were formulated in a short decree 777-RP "On the financing of project works on monorail transportation". MITT received 1.4 million rubles from Moscow budget. Deputy Premier of Moscow Government B.V. Nikolsky was assigned to supervise the project.
On 2 September 1998, Luzhkov signed a decree 996-RP "On the design and construction of new types of high-speed transportation in Moscow" which justified the development of monorail lines in Moscow. The decree stated that traditional public transportation could not handle the increasing passenger loads and that cardinal solution to that problem would be possible only through the development of new types of high-speed transportation that meet modern ecological and economical requirements, are comfortable and could be integrated with traditional transportation. The decree instructed the Office of Transport and Communications and the state-run Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering to continue work on the Moscow monorail transportation and to draft the layout of monorail lines by the first quarter of 1999. Luzhkov's decree proposed three monorail lines: from Novogireevo metro to Nikolo-Archangelskoe cemetery, from the metro Vykhino to Zhulebno district and from Krylatskoe to Krasnaya Presnya. However, all these proposed lines were later cancelled. Again, B.V. Nikolsky supervised the project.
On 16 February 1999, the decree 108-PP established an open joint-stock company
Joint stock company
A joint-stock company is a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more individuals that own shares of stock in the company...
Moscow Monorail. The company was co-founded by the Department of State and the municipal property of Moscow City which acted on behalf of the Government of Moscow and had a 25% + 1 share. The total starting capital of Moscow Monorail was 100 million rubles. Vladimir Grigorievich Sister, the prefect of the North-Eastern Administrative Okrug
North-Eastern Administrative Okrug
North-Eastern Administrative Okrug, or Severo-Vostochny Administrative Okrug is one of the ten administrative okrugs of Moscow, Russia. It was founded in 1991 and has an area of...
, represented the Government of Moscow in the company. General supervision over the decree implementation was conducted by B.V. Nikolsky. On 3 August 1999, Luzhkov's decree 738-RP established a commission for the supervision of the monorail works in the North-Eastern Administrative Okrug. Sister became the commission head.
By the first quarter of 2000, an experimental monorail test set was built at the MITT campus. Several trains were purchased from the Swiss company Intamin. The decree 49-PP specified the rules, regulations and parameters for the construction of the Moscow Monorail.
Design
Originally the monorail was planned to run from the M8 highwayM8 highway (Russia)
The Russian route M8, also known as the Kholmogory Highway or Yaroslavl highway, is a major trunk road that links Moscow to the Russian North in general and the sea harbour of Arkhangelsk in particular...
overpass to Severyanin railway station, but later the project was changed to connect two nearby metro stations (Timiryazevskaya and Botanichesky Sad) with the All-Russia Exhibition Centre
All-Russia Exhibition Centre
All-Russia Exhibition Centre is a permanent general-purpose trade show in Moscow, Russia....
. At that time, Moscow competed for hosting EXPO-2010 and a modern monorail could improve the image of the exhibition site. This idea was finalized on 13 March 2001 in the Moscow Government decree 241-PP. On 21 June, tasks were assigned to the companies contracted to prepare the monorail project:
| Contractor | Open joint-stock company Joint stock company A joint-stock company is a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more individuals that own shares of stock in the company... Moscow Monorails | Basic technical solutions of the first stage of the monorail, electric train construction |
|---|---|---|
| Limited liability company Limited liability company A limited liability company is a flexible form of enterprise that blends elements of partnership and corporate structures. It is a legal form of company that provides limited liability to its owners in the vast majority of United States jurisdictions... Selton-M |
Dispatch control system | |
| Federal unitary enterprise Unitary enterprise A unitary enterprise is a government-owned corporation in Russia and some other post-Soviet states. Unitary enterprises are business entities that have no ownership rights to the assets they use in their operations.... Semikhatov Scientific-Manufacturing Union of Automation |
Electric traffic control system | |
| Federal unitary enterprise Unitary enterprise A unitary enterprise is a government-owned corporation in Russia and some other post-Soviet states. Unitary enterprises are business entities that have no ownership rights to the assets they use in their operations.... Experimental Design Bureau Vympel |
Railroad signs, parking devices, auxiliary equipment | |
| Open joint-stock company Joint stock company A joint-stock company is a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more individuals that own shares of stock in the company... Moscow Mechanical Engineering Plant Vympel |
Major parts of the undercarrige of the train | |
| Open joint-stock company Joint stock company A joint-stock company is a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more individuals that own shares of stock in the company... Scientific-Manufacturing Enterprise Kvant |
Development and installation of the train engine system | |
| Federal unitary enterprise Unitary enterprise A unitary enterprise is a government-owned corporation in Russia and some other post-Soviet states. Unitary enterprises are business entities that have no ownership rights to the assets they use in their operations.... Research Institute of Tire Industry |
Design and development of reinforced wheels R22.5 with an internal flange | |
| Moscow Committee for Architecture and Urban Developmentn (Moskomarkhitektura), Open joint-stock company Joint stock company A joint-stock company is a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more individuals that own shares of stock in the company... Transstroy Corporation, Mosinzhproekt Institute, MosgortransNIIproekt Institute, Mosgortrans |
Monorail track, construction equipment, electric power supply |
The development plan of the North-East Administrative Okrug prioritized the construction of the monorail linking metro stations Botanichesky Sad and Timiryazevskaya. This line was planned to be 8.6 km long and to have 9 stations. On 25 December 2001, it was decided that the monorail construction would be accomplished in two stages. The first stage would be the construction of the route from the metro station Timiryazevskaya to the All-Russia Exhibition Centre
All-Russia Exhibition Centre
All-Russia Exhibition Centre is a permanent general-purpose trade show in Moscow, Russia....
. On 22 May 2001, the Government of Moscow announced that this line would open in the second quarter of 2003. The Government of Moscow also emphasized the uniqueness of the object and the lack of experience of Russian companies in such constructions. On 31 January 2002, it was decided that the monorail depot would be established at the territory of the Bauman tram depot where the Museum of Urban Passenger Transport had been previously located. To clear the space for the monorail subdivision of the depot, the museum exposition was first moved to a tram repair factory and then to a newly constructed building that opened in Strogino District on 10 September 1999.
Construction
In August 2001, the construction began at the Fonvizina street. The area was prepared for the construction, trees cut on the path of the future monorail and test drilling conducted. On 22 September, a prototype frame was built for the first pillar. At that time, the exposition trains were moved from the Bauman tram depot to the tram repair factory. On 2 February 2002, the tram track between VVTs and Ostankino was closed and a temporary one-way reversal circle was built for tram routes 11 and 17.Monorail train design had to be refined because the trains acquired from Intamin showed unsatisfactory performance in winter conditions. The refinement consisted of the installation of a linear engine that was engineered by the scientific centre "TEMP" (electromagnetic passenger transport). The Moscow Government documents called the monorail line being built "experimental".
By the end of June, the construction of the monorail line over Academician Korolev Street' tramway was finished and the station construction began. The station was also to be named Ulitsa Akademika Korolyova
Ulitsa Akademika Korolyova
Ulitsa Akademika Korolyova is a station of the Moscow Monorail Transit System. It is located in the Ostankino District of the North-Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow.- History :...
. On 15 October, tram service was restored on the route from All-Russia Exhibition Centre
All-Russia Exhibition Centre
All-Russia Exhibition Centre is a permanent general-purpose trade show in Moscow, Russia....
to the Ostankino TV center. In December, supports were installed throughout the route and the construction sites of all stations were defined. In April 2003, construction of Timiryazevskaya station began with the installation of support beams and building a rail switch.
The decree 866-PP issued by the Moscow Government on 14 October 2003 described in detail the procedure of launching the monorail and provided the technical parameters. The deadline of 24 October was set to form the acceptance committee. On 11 November, the MMTS Expocentre terminal received a new name - "Ulitsa Sergeya Eisensteina". On 21 November, special construction codes were established that restricted digging trenches, laying utilities, construction of building foundations, tunnelling works and other interferences in the strip of land adjacent to the monorail. The borders of this strip were demarcated as 25 metres from the monorail supports. Restrictions were also imposed on work that lowers the groundwater within 100 metres from the monorail.
In November 2003, most stations were nearing completion, and the rail construction was almost completed. In December, the first test runs of rolling stock were conducted.
The monorail opening was initially planned for the beginning of February 2004, but was delayed until 23 February. On 19 February, an acceptance certificate for the monorail was signed by the committee. On 21 February, during a trial run near Ulitsa of the Academic Koroleva, one of the trains ripped off 15 metres of the third rail. However, because of an accident, the monorail opening was delayed again.
On 20 April 2004, a decree "on the additional measures on the construction of the Moscow Monorail" 746-RP was issued. This decree rescheduled a number of construction deadlines from 2003 to 2004. In May, three trains were test run and the opening was delayed again for no given reason.
On the 11 November, information surfaced that the only work that remained to be accomplished before the line could be launched in an excursion mode was the installation of the automated control system. On the same day, Dmitry Gayev, director of the Moscow Metro, presented the line to the media.
Excursion Mode
On 20 November 2004, the monorail carried its first passengers. At that time the monorail was running two trains at 30 minute intervals while the only boarding and exiting station was Ulitsa Sergeya Eisensteina. The monorail ran from 10:00 to 16:00, by the suggestion of Moskovsky MetropolitenMoscow Metro
The Moscow Metro is a rapid transit system serving Moscow and the neighbouring town of Krasnogorsk. Opened in 1935 with one line and 13 stations, it was the first underground railway system in the Soviet Union. As of 2011, the Moscow Metro has 182 stations and its route length is . The system is...
. On 29 November, Timiryazevskaya station was opened for boarding and exiting. The cost for one ride during the excursion period was 50 rubles for adults, 25 rubles for students (>6 years of age) of universities, institutes and colleges and free rides for children under six years of age (later changed to seven).
At the beginning of 2005, a project for the continuation of the route was approved and the costs of that project were estimated. In July, the travel time from Timeryzevskaya to Ulitsa Sergei Eisensteina was cut down to about 22 minutes, the line's operating hours were extended to encompass 8:00 to 20:00 and the stations Vystavotchny Tsentr and Teletsentr were opened for passenger boarding and exiting. On 6 February, an electrical equipment near Vystavochny Tsentr station caught fire, with no injuries. Based on previous experience, the monorail was closed until 11 February, due to concern of a possible high voltage leak near the accident area.
On 7 May and 1 June, two accidents involving damage of the third rail happened Repair work in both cases took several days. It was decided to perform additional monorail reliability checks which suspended its opening until Q2 2006.
The last station was opened on 1 September 2006. On 19 and 20 October, the trial was conducted to assess the readiness of the line to have six trains en-route simultaneously. According to the monorail staff, these trials showed the lack of sufficient reliability of the rolling stock. Because of this, the launch of the transportation mode is delayed to Q1 2007.
During the off-hours of 26 December 2006, approximately 400 metres of trolley cable was damaged between stations Vystavochny Tsentr and Ulitsa Sergeya Eisensteina. The damaged site was repaired quickly and, on 30 December, the line continued operation. Allegedly, trolleys were damaged by an excavator or other heavy equipment. On 27 December, the repaired EPS 01 train was accepted for service and soon cannibalized for spare parts.
Budget complaints
In the beginning of 2007, Alexander LebedevAlexander Lebedev
Alexander Yevgenievich Lebedev is a Russian businessman, referred to as one of the Russian oligarchs.In May 2008, he was listed by Forbes magazine as one of the richest Russians and as the 358th richest person in the world with an estimated fortune of $3.1 billion...
filed claims with the prosecutor of Moscow in regards to his beliefs that the government was making inefficient choices on budget matters in regards to the monorail. A deputy later published a large section of the complaint in a newspaper.
The period of time that the monorail was in excursion mode launched several complaints against the Moscow Government that were similar to Lebedev's. The highpoint of the complaints was on 20 August, when Dmitry Gayev
Dmitry Gayev
Dmitry Vladimirovich Gayev .- Biography :In 1973 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Railway Engineers in 1986 - the Moscow Institute of Management, and in 1989 - the Higher Party School....
, answering a question about expansion asked by journalists, said: "This line still does not have any expansion plans, but this does not mean we have to shut it down. This monorail is experimental in nature and is in an experimental regime. Monorails have the right to live, and anything on the territory of Moscow has the right to live, but there is no plan for expansion.". The media took this to mean that the experiment with the monorail had ended, and that there would be no more plans to develop rapid monorail transit systems in the capital.
Transition to the transportation mode
In the first quarter of 2007, work was considered to be done on fixing minor problems encountered in the semi-automatic control system. Discussion about the transition began in December after the addition of bridges connecting the platforms at normal stations to ease emergency flow. Also in December, a certificate was signed stating that the current owners of the monorail would be willing to transfer ownership to the Moscow government.Transportation Mode
As of 1 January 2008, the stations open for entry and exit of passengers from 6:50 to 23:00. On 10 January, the line officially started working in the transportation mode. The transit time was reduced to a range of 9 to 22 minutes (2-5 monorails running simultaneously on the line), the crew was reduced to just the driver, prices were reduced to 19 rubles per trip and students were allowed to purchase tickers. During the first week of in the transportation mode, (from 10 January 2008) the monorail carried 37,871 passengers. In the first week of the work in transportation mode, the monorail's daily use was between 5,700 to 6,200 passengers on weekdays and on weekends, 7,000 people. After a month and a half after the transition into the transportation mode, passenger traffic reached 12,000 a day: "... the deputy mayor said that for 1.5 months of the monorail in the new regime, the number of passengers increased by seven times."On 22 July 2008, the Moscow Government expanded the list of categories of citizens entitled to free use of the monorail services. In November 2008, the maximum number of trains on the line was increased from 5 to 6 and, on 1 December, a new schedule was introduced. The average daily usage of the monorail in 2008 was 9,600 passengers per day.
In 2009, the time of the train full circle time was reduced to 39 minutes 40 seconds. The minimal delay between the trains was also reduced by 20 seconds, to 6 minutes 35 seconds. The average daily usage of the monorail in 2009 was approximately 11,200 passengers per day, 17.3% higher than in the previous year. In 2010, the ticket price was increased to 26 roubles.
Stations
The monorail shares a unified station coding system with Moscow Metro
Moscow Metro
The Moscow Metro is a rapid transit system serving Moscow and the neighbouring town of Krasnogorsk. Opened in 1935 with one line and 13 stations, it was the first underground railway system in the Soviet Union. As of 2011, the Moscow Metro has 182 stations and its route length is . The system is...
.
The average travel time between Timiryazevskaya and Ulitsa Sergeya Eisensteina stations is 17 minutes.
Infrastructure
Each station on the monorail was built separately. Each station consists of two levels, with stair, escalator and elevator access between the two. Five of the six stations are built on an "island" principle, meaning that there is only one platform, with trains approaching on either side of the platform. However, Úlitsa Akadémika Korolyóva is built on a split island design. Instead of trains approaching from either side of one platform, there are two platforms, with trains approaching on only one side of each.Management of the monorail line can be carried out automatically from the computer control room located in the Bauman train depot. Also at each station there are Station Dispatch rooms, so that rolling stock can be controlled remotely from the station. Currently, the monorail trains operate in a semiautomatic mode, where the electronic system controls the trains. There is also a manual mode in which the operator at the depot controls the trains. The monorail is powered by seven substations, one for each station and one for the depot.
Criticism
The criticism in the media is primarily about the system design (low speed and capacity), the route of the monorail and the idea of elevated platform transport (it is alleged that a tram can have the same capacity and speed).For example, the journalist Alexandr Lebedev noted:
The amount of space per person on the monorail (either 200 people with 5 people per meter squared or 290 people at an average of about 8 people per meter squared) has been criticized as too little space for something deemed an "alternative to the light metro". For example, journalist Elena Komarova wrote in 2006 that:
However, the quote ignores the fact that the people per meter squared statistics listed above work out to about 50,000 people per day, which, taking into account the current capacity loads in the Moscow Metro, comes close to the hourly capacity loads of the Butovskaya Light Metro. If the fact that the existing cnumber of rolling stock held my the Monorail and dimensions of the rolling stock built for the first section of the depot is taken into account, such statistics do not match the potential of at least eight times, because (according to data on the company's website) trains can be made up of 10 cars (just like current Moscow Subway lines), and subway lines usually have 42-44 trains running per hour, which would satisfy the monorail's passenger traffic of 38 thousand people, per hour in both directions (or 23 thousand and hour under the existing six-car arrangement), which means the monorail can at least handle the same amount of traffic as the "Light Metro" and could possibly handle the daily volume of the Filyovskaya metro line
Filyovskaya Line
Filyovskaya Line , or Line 4, is a line of the Moscow Metro. Chronologically the sixth to open, it connects the major eastern districts of Dorogomilovo and Fili along with the Moscow City with the city centre...
.
Supporters of the proejct state that the current above ground Moscow transport lines, along with the highways are in very poor condition, and the building of another Metro line would be too expensive and would lower the land values of area where construction would be taking palce due to the amount of noise.