Mitochondrial fission
Encyclopedia
Mitochondria can divide by fission and since they require mitochondrial DNA
for their function, fission is coordinated with DNA replication. Some of the proteins that are involved in mitochondrial fission have been identified and some of them are associated with mitochondrial disease
s.
protein is a member of the Dynamin
family of large GTPases. Drp1 controls the final part of mitochondrial fission, pinching off the membrane stalk between two forming daughter mitochondria. The MFN2
protein is part of a complex that links the endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) to mitochondria. Points of ER-mitochondrial association have been associated with the formation of Drp1 complexes and mitochondrial fission.
Several Drp1-binding proteins have been identified. A protein called mitochondrial fission factor
(Mff) binds Drp1 and promotes mitochondrial fission. The FIS1
protein might recruit Drp1 to sites of fission but it might require association with another protein, MIEF1 (coded for by the SMCR7L
gene), to promote mitochondrial fission. In contrast, MIEF1 when bound to Drp1 might prevent mitochondrial fission and thus shift the balance towards fusion of mitochondria.
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA is the DNA located in organelles called mitochondria, structures within eukaryotic cells that convert the chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate...
for their function, fission is coordinated with DNA replication. Some of the proteins that are involved in mitochondrial fission have been identified and some of them are associated with mitochondrial disease
Mitochondrial disease
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of disorders caused by dysfunctional mitochondria, the organelles that are the "powerhouses" of the cell. Mitochondria are found in every cell of the human body except red blood cells...
s.
Mechanism
The Drp1DNM1L
Dynamin-1-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNM1L gene.- Function :The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dynamin superfamily of GTPases. Members of the dynamin-related subfamily, including the S...
protein is a member of the Dynamin
Dynamin
Dynamin is a GTPase responsible for endocytosis in the eukaryotic cell. Dynamins are principally involved in the scission of newly formed vesicles from the membrane of one cellular compartment and their targeting to, and fusion with, another compartment, both at the cell surface as well as at the...
family of large GTPases. Drp1 controls the final part of mitochondrial fission, pinching off the membrane stalk between two forming daughter mitochondria. The MFN2
MFN2
Mitofusin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFN2 gene.- Function :Mitofusin-2 is a mitochondrial membrane protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion and contributes to the maintenance and operation of the mitochondrial network...
protein is part of a complex that links the endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle of cells in eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae...
(ER) to mitochondria. Points of ER-mitochondrial association have been associated with the formation of Drp1 complexes and mitochondrial fission.
Several Drp1-binding proteins have been identified. A protein called mitochondrial fission factor
Mitochondrial fission factor
Mitochondrial fission factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFF gene.Mff is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein that binds to the Drp1 GTPase that controls mitochondrial fission. The Mff-Drp1 complex promotes mitochondrial fission. Mff also regulates peroxisome morphology....
(Mff) binds Drp1 and promotes mitochondrial fission. The FIS1
FIS1
Mitochondrial fission 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FIS1 gene.-Further reading:...
protein might recruit Drp1 to sites of fission but it might require association with another protein, MIEF1 (coded for by the SMCR7L
SMCR7L
Mitochondrial dynamic protein MID51 also known as mitochondrial elongation factor 1 or Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region candidate gene 7 protein-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMCR7L gene....
gene), to promote mitochondrial fission. In contrast, MIEF1 when bound to Drp1 might prevent mitochondrial fission and thus shift the balance towards fusion of mitochondria.