Mikulovská wine
Encyclopedia
Mikulovská is one of four Czech wine
regions within southern Moravia
, Czech Republic
. The Mikulovská wine region, containing 30 wine villages, is famed for producing white wines grown in the limestone
soils, particularly in and around the area of the Pálava Landscape Protected Area
. Historically a centre of viticulture
and winemaking
in Moravia, Mikulovská is home to the historical town of Mikulov
, and the Czech National Wine Centre (Czech: Národní Vinarské Centrum) and Wine Salon of the Czech Republic, located at Valtice Castle
.
In the 2nd Century CE, the Roman 10th Legion
based at Vindobona
built an extensive outpost near the Amber Road
and the Pálava Hills in Mikulovská, near the present-day village of Pasohlávky
. Around the year 278, the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Probus annulled the edict of Emperor Domitian
that had prohibited the planting of grapes in colonies north of the Alps
, and encouraged the planting of new vines in the northern Roman colonies. Modern-day archaeological excavations of the ancient Roman outpost near Pasohlávky have yielded many artifacts, including a vine pruning knife. Wine historians theorize that, during the Roman occupation, the Grüner Veltliner
and Welschriesling
grape varieties may have been introduced to the region. Viticulture was practiced during the Great Moravian Empire
(833–906), as evidenced by numerous pruning knives and grape seeds unearthed during archaeological excavations of Slavic
settlements.
In 1249, Ottokar II of Bohemia
granted the land of Mikulov (then called Nikolsburg) and the surrounding area to the Austrian noble Henry I of Liechtenstein
. Afterward, more vineyards were planted in the Pálava Hills. In 1309, a new set of viticultural and winemaking regulations was established for many southern Moravian villages, based on the application of Bergrecht laws and vineyard rules of Falkenstein, Lower Austria
in the district of Mikulov. For those villages under the jurisdiction of the Falkenstein Bergrecht, Falkenstein served as the Supreme Appeals Court in vineyard disputes. By 1368, Mikulov was one of the largest wine centres in Moravia. In 1414, a large number of the vineyards around Mikulov and Valtice
were documented in the Liechtenstein Duties Register, later to become the oldest preserved register of the Liechtenstein vineyards.
In the 16th century, vineyard planting reached a peak. After the Mikulov estate was purchased in 1575 by Adam von Dietrichstein, the Emperor's ambassador to the Spanish court, new vineyard plantings greatly expanded and new cellars were constructed at the Mikulov château. In 1643, the Renaissance wine barrel was commissioned by Prince Maximilian von Dietrichstein
, grandson of Adam von Dietrichstein and the owner of the Mikulov estate. This enormous 1,014 hectolitre barrel was used to store wine collected as taxes from the peasants who rented the Prince's vineyards, and is one of the largest such barrels in Europe still in existence.Regional Museum in Mikulov, "Renaissance Wine Barrel", Accessed: January 18th, 2011 The Thirty Years' War
(1618–1648) destroyed a significant portion of the vineyards in the Czech Republic, and over the next hundred years they were gradually replanted. In 1763, Austrian vintners asked Maria Theresa to limit new vineyard plantings in Moravia to reduce the competition from Moravian wines. In 1783, the local Bergrecht laws and the activities of the wine regulation court in Moravia were abolished by Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
and replaced with a new set of vineyard regulations for Moravia.
Wine academies, dedicated to training capable enologists
in the art and science of winemaking, were founded in the Mikulovská wine villages of Valtice in 1873, Lednice
in 1895, and Mikulov in 1903. The vine pest Phylloxera
arrived in Mikulov and Dolní Dunajovice
in 1900, struck Perná
in 1901, and hit Horní Věstonice
and Bavory
in 1902, devastating
the vineyards. Using Phylloxera-resistant rootstock, the vineyards were replanted with quality vines of single varietals.
The establishment of modern wine laws in the Czech Republic began in 1995 with the enactment of Wine Act No. 115/1995 on viticulture and winemaking practices into the Collection of Laws (Sb). The wine section of the European Union
regulations was translated into the Czech language and subsequently incorporated into the Wine Act. The original draft of the Amendment to the Wine Act also contained provisions for establishing the Czech Wine Fund through Act No. 50/2002 Sb. After the Czech Republic joined the European Union in 2004, the Wine Act No. 321/2004 Sb on viticulture and winemaking practices was adopted, bringing Czech wine legislation in conformity with EU standards.
Mikulovská is located within the Breclav
and Brno-venkov
geopolitical districts of the South Moravian Region
. Here the tail of the Western Carpathian Mountains
extends through Mikulovská and forms the Mikulov Highlands
which are composed of the Pálava Hills and the Milovická Hills. The Pálava Hills are formed of Jurassic
limestone that can be seen as steep cliffs in some areas. Devín Hill is the highest peak at 549 metres (1,801 ft). The rolling Milovická Hills, located east of Mikulov
, are composed of Mesozoic
limestone and Cenozoic
deposits of flysch
argillites
and sandstones
. Calcareous loess
from the last ice age has been preserved in many places. The system of hills forms a unique UNESCO
biosphere reservation, home to several rare protected plant and animal species. Surrounding the Mikulov Highlands and to the northwest are Cenozoic deposits of calcareous
clays, sands, and gravel.
Situated at the northwest edge of the Pannonian Plain, the Mikulovská region is in the warmest and nearly the driest part of the Czech Republic. The Thaya
(Czech: Dyje) River runs through the region from west to east, with a series of three dams forming the three Nové Mlýny reservoirs
. Covering a combined 3,227 hectares, the reservoirs exert a moderating influence on the macroclimate
.
(Czech: Ryzlink vlašský, 601 ha) and Grüner Veltliner
(Veltlínské zelené, 393 ha), both of which are traditional to the region, predominate. Riesling
(Ryzlink rýnský, 335 ha), Müller Thurgau (331 ha), Sauvignon blanc
(301 ha), Chardonnay
(268 ha), and Pinot Gris
(Rulandské šedé, 218 ha) are also grown. More Gewürztraminer
(Tramín cervený, 164 ha) is grown in Mikulovská than any other Moravian region.
The most planted red varieties are Saint Laurent (Svatovavrinecké, 310 ha), Blaufränkisch
(Frankovka, 248 ha), Zweigelt
(Zweigeltrebe, 181 ha), and Pinot Noir
(Rulandské modré, 172 ha). Plantings of Blauer Portugieser
(Modrý Portugal, 92 ha) has decreased rapidly, while Cabernet Sauvignon
(89 ha) has increased.
(°NM) scale, a measure of how many kilograms of sugar are in 100 litres of must
. 1 °NM indicates 1 kg of sugar in 100 l of must.
Czech wine
Wine in the Czech Republic is produced mainly in southern Moravia, although a few vineyards are located in Bohemia. However, Moravia accounts for around 96% of the country's vineyards, which is why Czech wine is more often referred to as Moravian wine ...
regions within southern Moravia
Moravia
Moravia is a historical region in Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, and one of the former Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Silesia. It takes its name from the Morava River which rises in the northwest of the region...
, Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. The Mikulovská wine region, containing 30 wine villages, is famed for producing white wines grown in the limestone
Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate . Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera....
soils, particularly in and around the area of the Pálava Landscape Protected Area
Pálava Landscape Protected Area
The Pálava Landscape Protected Area is a landscape protected area and UNESCO biosphere reserve located in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, on the border with Austria. This unique area was originally recognized by UNESCO in 1986 and expanded in 2003 to include another UNESCO site,...
. Historically a centre of viticulture
Viticulture
Viticulture is the science, production and study of grapes which deals with the series of events that occur in the vineyard. When the grapes are used for winemaking, it is also known as viniculture...
and winemaking
Winemaking
Winemaking, or vinification, is the production of wine, starting with selection of the grapes or other produce and ending with bottling the finished wine. Although most wine is made from grapes, it may also be made from other fruit or non-toxic plant material...
in Moravia, Mikulovská is home to the historical town of Mikulov
Mikulov
Mikulov is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic with a population of 7,608 . It is located directly on the border with Lower Austria. Mikulov is located at the edge of a hilly area and the three Nové Mlýny reservoirs...
, and the Czech National Wine Centre (Czech: Národní Vinarské Centrum) and Wine Salon of the Czech Republic, located at Valtice Castle
Valtice
The town of Valtice in the Czech Republic contains one of the most impressive Baroque residences of Central Europe. It was designed as the seat of the ruling princes of Liechtenstein by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach in the early 18th century. Construction was supervised by Domenico...
.
History
Legio X Gemina
Legio decima Gemina , was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion symbol was a bull...
based at Vindobona
Vindobona
Vindobona was originally a Celtic settlement, and later a Roman military camp on the site of the modern city of Vienna in Austria. Around 15 BC, the kingdom of Noricum was included in the Roman Empire...
built an extensive outpost near the Amber Road
Amber Road
The Amber Road was an ancient trade route for the transfer of amber. As one of the waterways and ancient highways, for centuries the road led from Europe to Asia and back, and from northern Africa to the Baltic Sea....
and the Pálava Hills in Mikulovská, near the present-day village of Pasohlávky
Pasohlávky
Pasohlávky is a village in South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It is located 13 km northwest of Mikulov at around and has a population of 726. Pasohlávky is a popular summer resort on northern shore of Nové Mlýny I reservoir...
. Around the year 278, the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Probus annulled the edict of Emperor Domitian
Domitian
Domitian was Roman Emperor from 81 to 96. Domitian was the third and last emperor of the Flavian dynasty.Domitian's youth and early career were largely spent in the shadow of his brother Titus, who gained military renown during the First Jewish-Roman War...
that had prohibited the planting of grapes in colonies north of the Alps
Alps
The Alps is one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany to France in the west....
, and encouraged the planting of new vines in the northern Roman colonies. Modern-day archaeological excavations of the ancient Roman outpost near Pasohlávky have yielded many artifacts, including a vine pruning knife. Wine historians theorize that, during the Roman occupation, the Grüner Veltliner
Grüner Veltliner
Grüner Veltliner is a variety of white wine grape variety grown primarily in Austria, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. It has a reputation of being a particularly food-friendly wine...
and Welschriesling
Welschriesling
Welschriesling is an ancient variety of white wine grape, unrelated to the Rhine Riesling, that is grown throughout Central Europe. The origin of Welschriesling is uncertain. The German name "Welschriesling" literally means 'Romanic Riesling', and most of the synonyms in Central Europe are...
grape varieties may have been introduced to the region. Viticulture was practiced during the Great Moravian Empire
Great Moravia
Great Moravia was a Slavic state that existed in Central Europe and lasted for nearly seventy years in the 9th century whose creators were the ancestors of the Czechs and Slovaks. It was a vassal state of the Germanic Frankish kingdom and paid an annual tribute to it. There is some controversy as...
(833–906), as evidenced by numerous pruning knives and grape seeds unearthed during archaeological excavations of Slavic
Slavic peoples
The Slavic people are an Indo-European panethnicity living in Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia. The term Slavic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people, who speak languages belonging to the Slavic language family and share, to varying degrees, certain...
settlements.
In 1249, Ottokar II of Bohemia
Ottokar II of Bohemia
Ottokar II , called The Iron and Golden King, was the King of Bohemia from 1253 until 1278. He was the Duke of Austria , Styria , Carinthia and Carniola also....
granted the land of Mikulov (then called Nikolsburg) and the surrounding area to the Austrian noble Henry I of Liechtenstein
Princely Family of Liechtenstein
The Liechtenstein dynasty, from which the principality takes its name, is the family which reigns by constitutional, hereditary right over the nation of Liechtenstein...
. Afterward, more vineyards were planted in the Pálava Hills. In 1309, a new set of viticultural and winemaking regulations was established for many southern Moravian villages, based on the application of Bergrecht laws and vineyard rules of Falkenstein, Lower Austria
Falkenstein, Lower Austria
Falkenstein is a town in the district of Mistelbach in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.It is home to Castle Falkenstein, a relatively intact castle ruin built in the 11th century. The ruin's German name is Burg Falkenstein ....
in the district of Mikulov. For those villages under the jurisdiction of the Falkenstein Bergrecht, Falkenstein served as the Supreme Appeals Court in vineyard disputes. By 1368, Mikulov was one of the largest wine centres in Moravia. In 1414, a large number of the vineyards around Mikulov and Valtice
Valtice
The town of Valtice in the Czech Republic contains one of the most impressive Baroque residences of Central Europe. It was designed as the seat of the ruling princes of Liechtenstein by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach in the early 18th century. Construction was supervised by Domenico...
were documented in the Liechtenstein Duties Register, later to become the oldest preserved register of the Liechtenstein vineyards.
Dietrichstein
Dietrichstein was the name of a German/Austrian noble family.Maximilian von Dietrichstein was created Graf von Dietrichstein on 18 September 1612 and Fürst von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg on 24 March 1639...
, grandson of Adam von Dietrichstein and the owner of the Mikulov estate. This enormous 1,014 hectolitre barrel was used to store wine collected as taxes from the peasants who rented the Prince's vineyards, and is one of the largest such barrels in Europe still in existence.Regional Museum in Mikulov, "Renaissance Wine Barrel", Accessed: January 18th, 2011 The Thirty Years' War
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most countries in Europe. It was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history....
(1618–1648) destroyed a significant portion of the vineyards in the Czech Republic, and over the next hundred years they were gradually replanted. In 1763, Austrian vintners asked Maria Theresa to limit new vineyard plantings in Moravia to reduce the competition from Moravian wines. In 1783, the local Bergrecht laws and the activities of the wine regulation court in Moravia were abolished by Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph II was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I...
and replaced with a new set of vineyard regulations for Moravia.
Wine academies, dedicated to training capable enologists
Oenology
Oenology,[p] œnology , or enology is the science and study of all aspects of wine and winemaking except vine-growing and grape-harvesting, which is a subfield called viticulture. “Viticulture & oenology” is a common designation for training programmes and research centres that include both the...
in the art and science of winemaking, were founded in the Mikulovská wine villages of Valtice in 1873, Lednice
Lednice
Lednice is a village in South Moravia in the Czech Republic. In 1996 it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as "an exceptional example of the designed landscape that evolved in the Enlightenment and afterwards under the care of a single family." It contains a palace and the largest...
in 1895, and Mikulov in 1903. The vine pest Phylloxera
Phylloxera
Grape phylloxera ; originally described in France as Phylloxera vastatrix; equated to the previously described Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, Phylloxera vitifoliae; commonly just called phylloxera is a pest of commercial grapevines worldwide, originally native to eastern North America...
arrived in Mikulov and Dolní Dunajovice
Dolní Dunajovice
Dolní Dunajovice is a village in Břeclav District of the South Moravian Region in the Czech Republic. It is located about northwest of Mikulov. The municipality has a population of 1,693 ....
in 1900, struck Perná
Perná
Perná is a village and municipality in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 764 ....
in 1901, and hit Horní Věstonice
Horní Věstonice
Horní Věstonice is a village and municipality in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 453 ....
and Bavory
Bavory
Bavory is a village in Břeclav District, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 399 .- External links :...
in 1902, devastating
Great French Wine Blight
The Great French Wine Blight was a severe blight of the mid-19th century that destroyed many of the vineyards in France and laid to waste the wine industry...
the vineyards. Using Phylloxera-resistant rootstock, the vineyards were replanted with quality vines of single varietals.
The establishment of modern wine laws in the Czech Republic began in 1995 with the enactment of Wine Act No. 115/1995 on viticulture and winemaking practices into the Collection of Laws (Sb). The wine section of the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
regulations was translated into the Czech language and subsequently incorporated into the Wine Act. The original draft of the Amendment to the Wine Act also contained provisions for establishing the Czech Wine Fund through Act No. 50/2002 Sb. After the Czech Republic joined the European Union in 2004, the Wine Act No. 321/2004 Sb on viticulture and winemaking practices was adopted, bringing Czech wine legislation in conformity with EU standards.
Geography and climate
Breclav District
Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic...
and Brno-venkov
Brno-Country District
Brno-Country District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic...
geopolitical districts of the South Moravian Region
South Moravian Region
South Moravian Region is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia, with exception of Jobova Lhota, that belongs to Bohemia. Its capital is Brno the 2nd largest city of the Czech Republic. The region is famous for its wine...
. Here the tail of the Western Carpathian Mountains
Western Carpathians
The Western Carpathians are a mountain range and geomorphological province that forms the western part of the Carpathian Mountains.The mountain belt stretches from the Low Beskids range of the Eastern Carpathians along the border of Poland with Slovakia toward the Moravian region of the Czech...
extends through Mikulovská and forms the Mikulov Highlands
Mikulov Highlands
The Mikulov Highlands is a mountain range in South Moravia, Czech Republic. The Highlands, together with the Waschberg Zone and Lower Austria Inselberg threshold, form the South-Moravian Carpathians.- Geography :...
which are composed of the Pálava Hills and the Milovická Hills. The Pálava Hills are formed of Jurassic
Jurassic
The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about Mya to Mya, that is, from the end of the Triassic to the beginning of the Cretaceous. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic era, also known as the age of reptiles. The start of the period is marked by...
limestone that can be seen as steep cliffs in some areas. Devín Hill is the highest peak at 549 metres (1,801 ft). The rolling Milovická Hills, located east of Mikulov
Mikulov
Mikulov is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic with a population of 7,608 . It is located directly on the border with Lower Austria. Mikulov is located at the edge of a hilly area and the three Nové Mlýny reservoirs...
, are composed of Mesozoic
Mesozoic
The Mesozoic era is an interval of geological time from about 250 million years ago to about 65 million years ago. It is often referred to as the age of reptiles because reptiles, namely dinosaurs, were the dominant terrestrial and marine vertebrates of the time...
limestone and Cenozoic
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic era is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras and covers the period from 65.5 mya to the present. The era began in the wake of the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous that saw the demise of the last non-avian dinosaurs and...
deposits of flysch
Flysch
Flysch is a sequence of sedimentary rocks that is deposited in a deep marine facies in the foreland basin of a developing orogen. Flysch is typically deposited during an early stage of the orogenesis. When the orogen evolves the foreland basin becomes shallower and molasse is deposited on top of...
argillites
Argillite
An argillite is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed predominantly of indurated clay particles. Argillaceous rocks are basically lithified muds and oozes. They contain variable amounts of silt-sized particles. The argillites grade into shale when the fissile layering typical of shale is...
and sandstones
Sandstone
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust. Like sand, sandstone may be any colour, but the most common colours are tan, brown, yellow,...
. Calcareous loess
Loess
Loess is an aeolian sediment formed by the accumulation of wind-blown silt, typically in the 20–50 micrometre size range, twenty percent or less clay and the balance equal parts sand and silt that are loosely cemented by calcium carbonate...
from the last ice age has been preserved in many places. The system of hills forms a unique UNESCO
World Network of Biosphere Reserves
The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves covers internationally-designated protected areas, known as biosphere reserves, that are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between man and nature The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves covers internationally-designated protected...
biosphere reservation, home to several rare protected plant and animal species. Surrounding the Mikulov Highlands and to the northwest are Cenozoic deposits of calcareous
Calcareous
Calcareous is an adjective meaning mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate, in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.-In zoology:...
clays, sands, and gravel.
Situated at the northwest edge of the Pannonian Plain, the Mikulovská region is in the warmest and nearly the driest part of the Czech Republic. The Thaya
Thaya
The Thaya is a river in Central Europe, tributary to the Morava River. It is about 235 km long and meanders from west to east in the border area between Lower Austria and South Moravia , but does not exactly follow the border in most parts...
(Czech: Dyje) River runs through the region from west to east, with a series of three dams forming the three Nové Mlýny reservoirs
Nové Mlýny reservoirs
The Nové Mlýny reservoirs are three reservoirs behind the Nové Mlýny Dam on the Dyje River in the Czech Republic. The lower reservoir, 1668 ha in area, is the Novomlynska Reservoir, the middle reservoir, 1031 ha, is the Věstonice Reservoir and the upper reservoir, 528 ha, is the Musovska ...
. Covering a combined 3,227 hectares, the reservoirs exert a moderating influence on the macroclimate
Macroclimate
In viticulture, there are several levels of regional climates that are used to describe the terroir or immutable characteristics of an area. These levels can be as broad as a macroclimate which includes entire wine regions or as small as a microclimate which includes the unique environment around...
.
Grape varieties and wine styles
More white grape (3,225 ha) than red grape varieties (1,210 ha) are grown in Mikulovská. Of the white varieties, WelschrieslingWelschriesling
Welschriesling is an ancient variety of white wine grape, unrelated to the Rhine Riesling, that is grown throughout Central Europe. The origin of Welschriesling is uncertain. The German name "Welschriesling" literally means 'Romanic Riesling', and most of the synonyms in Central Europe are...
(Czech: Ryzlink vlašský, 601 ha) and Grüner Veltliner
Grüner Veltliner
Grüner Veltliner is a variety of white wine grape variety grown primarily in Austria, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. It has a reputation of being a particularly food-friendly wine...
(Veltlínské zelené, 393 ha), both of which are traditional to the region, predominate. Riesling
Riesling
Riesling is a white grape variety which originated in the Rhine region of Germany. Riesling is an aromatic grape variety displaying flowery, almost perfumed, aromas as well as high acidity. It is used to make dry, semi-sweet, sweet and sparkling white wines. Riesling wines are usually varietally...
(Ryzlink rýnský, 335 ha), Müller Thurgau (331 ha), Sauvignon blanc
Sauvignon blanc
Sauvignon Blanc is a green-skinned grape variety which originates from the Bordeaux region of France. The grape most likely gets its name from the French word sauvage and blanc due to its early origins as an indigenous grape in South West France., a possible descendant of savagnin...
(301 ha), Chardonnay
Chardonnay
Chardonnay is a green-skinned grape variety used to make white wine. It is originated from the Burgundy wine region of eastern France but is now grown wherever wine is produced, from England to New Zealand...
(268 ha), and Pinot Gris
Pinot Gris
Pinot gris is a white wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Thought to be a mutant clone of the Pinot noir grape, it normally has a grayish-blue fruit, accounting for its name but the grape can have a brownish pink to black and even white appearance...
(Rulandské šedé, 218 ha) are also grown. More Gewürztraminer
Gewürztraminer
Gewürztraminer is an aromatic wine grape variety that performs best in cooler climates. It is sometimes referred to colloquially as Gewürz, and in French it is written '...
(Tramín cervený, 164 ha) is grown in Mikulovská than any other Moravian region.
The most planted red varieties are Saint Laurent (Svatovavrinecké, 310 ha), Blaufränkisch
Blaufränkisch
Blaufränkisch is a dark-skinned variety of grape used for red wine. Blaufränkisch, which is a late-ripening variety gives red wines which are typically rich in tannin and may exhibit a pronounced spicy character...
(Frankovka, 248 ha), Zweigelt
Zweigelt
Zweigelt is a red wine grape variety developed in 1922, at the Federal Institute for Viticulture and Pomology at Klosterneuburg, Austria, by Fritz Zweigelt. It was a crossing of St. Laurent and Blaufränkisch. It is now the most widely-grown red grape variety in Austria, as well as having some...
(Zweigeltrebe, 181 ha), and Pinot Noir
Pinot Noir
Pinot noir is a black wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from Pinot noir grapes...
(Rulandské modré, 172 ha). Plantings of Blauer Portugieser
Blauer Portugieser
Blauer Portugieser is a red Austrian and German wine grape found primarily in the Rheinhessen, Pfalz and wine regions of Lower Austria. It is also one of the permitted grapes in the Hungarian wine Egri Bikavér . In Germany, the cultivated area covered or 4.5% of the total vineyard area in 2007...
(Modrý Portugal, 92 ha) has decreased rapidly, while Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley...
(89 ha) has increased.
Wine classification
The Czech Wine Classification System, set in the Viticulture Act of 2004, is based on the sugar content of the grapes at harvest. Sugar content is measured using the Normalizovaný moštomerNormalizovaný muštomer
Normalizovaný moštoměr is a scale used in the Czech Republic and Slovakia for measuring the sweetness of wine must. 1 °NM indicates 1 kg of sugar in 100 litres of must....
(°NM) scale, a measure of how many kilograms of sugar are in 100 litres of must
Must
Must is freshly pressed fruit juice that contains the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. The solid portion of the must is called pomace; it typically makes up 7%–23% of the total weight of the must. Making must is the first step in winemaking...
. 1 °NM indicates 1 kg of sugar in 100 l of must.
Wine villages and vineyards
Thirty wine villages, along with 182 registered cadastral vineyard tracts, are situated within Mikulovská and are defined under the Czech Viticulture Act. By law, single-vineyard wines must have the name of the vineyard (Czech: trat), as well as the wine village (vinarská obec) and viticultural area (vinarská podoblast), on the bottle label.| Wine Village | District | Vineyards |
|---|---|---|
| Bavory Bavory Bavory is a village in Břeclav District, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 399 .- External links :... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Pod Pálavou, Slunecná, Ružová, Maliny, Anenský vrch, U Rybnícka, Pod Státní |
| Brod nad Dyjí Brod nad Dyjí Brod nad Dyjí is a village in Břeclav District, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 478 .... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Lusy, Dunajovický kopec, Brodské stráne |
| Březí Březí (Břeclav District) Březí is a village in Břeclav District, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,571 .- Population development :- External links : * Historie... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Orechová hora, Lišcí vrch |
| Bulhary Bulhary (Břeclav District) Bulhary is a village in Břeclav District, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 804 .... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Nad Sklepy, Doubrava, Na Pískách, Panské, Podlesí |
| Dobré Pole Dobré Pole Dobré Pole is a village in Břeclav District, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 397 .... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Brodsko, Rosentické, Staré, Daniel |
| Dolní Dunajovice Dolní Dunajovice Dolní Dunajovice is a village in Břeclav District of the South Moravian Region in the Czech Republic. It is located about northwest of Mikulov. The municipality has a population of 1,693 .... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Orechová hora, Pod Slunným vrchem, Ružový kopec, Dunajovský kopec, Kraví hora, Mlýnská, Zimní vrch, Plotny, Pod Orechovkou |
| Dolní Věstonice Dolní Vestonice Dolní Věstonice is a small village in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It is known for a series of ice age archaeological sites in the area. These sites were used by mammoth hunters, and finds include a triple burial and the Venus of Dolní Věstonice.A small fortress was built here... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Za Humny, U Kaplicky, Pod Pálavou, U Trech panen |
| Drnholec Drnholec Drnholec is a market town in Břeclav District, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,669 .- External links :... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
U Krížku, Výsluní, Šibenicní vrch, Slunecní vrch, Hajdy na jamách, Šternberg |
| Hlohovec Hlohovec (Břeclav District) Hlohovec is a village in Břeclav District, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,297 .- External links :... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Stará hora, Delice, Šulaperk |
| Horní Věstonice Horní Věstonice Horní Věstonice is a village and municipality in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 453 .... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Pod Martinkou, Pod Devínem, U Venuše |
| Ivan Ivan -Meteorology:* Tropical Storm Ivan - a number of tropical storms - Places:* Ivan Mountain in Bosnia and Herzegovina* Iván, a village in Hungary* Ivaň, name common to two villages in Czech Republic... |
Brno-venkov Brno-Country District Brno-Country District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Aeibis |
| Jevišovka Jevišovka Jevišovka, formerly Frélichov is a village and municipality in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 568 .... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Stará hora, Dražice, Rebry |
| Klentnice Klentnice Klentnice is a village in the South Moravian Region in the Czech Republic. It lies 20 kilometres north west of Břeclav and belongs to the okres Břeclav.- Geography :... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Bavorsko, Stará hora, Pod Klentnicí, Pod Lomem, Nad Sv. Leonardem |
| Lednice Lednice Lednice is a village in South Moravia in the Czech Republic. In 1996 it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as "an exceptional example of the designed landscape that evolved in the Enlightenment and afterwards under the care of a single family." It contains a palace and the largest... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Konciny, Terasy, U Cervené studánky, Hlohovsko, Ve Starých, Na Valtické, Farské |
| Mikulov Mikulov Mikulov is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic with a population of 7,608 . It is located directly on the border with Lower Austria. Mikulov is located at the edge of a hilly area and the three Nové Mlýny reservoirs... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Pod Svatým kopeckem I, Pod Svatým kopeckem II, Valtická, Pod Valtickou, Milovická, Za Cihelnou, Mariánský kopec, Šibenicní vrch, Pod Mušlovem, Turold, Brnenská, Za Turoldem |
| Milovice Milovice (Břeclav District) Milovice is a village and municipality in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 450 .... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Nad Rybníkem, Špicák, U Cihelny, Pod Strážným vrchem, Strážný vrch, Milovické terasy, Nad Sklepy |
| Novosedly Novosedly (Břeclav District) Novosedly na Moravě is a village in the South Moravian Region , Břeclav District in the Czech Republic.-Geography:The village lies on the Dyje River. Because of its soil conditions it was called in the past as “Neusiedl am Sand”... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
U Božích muk, Stará hora, Ružová hora, Nad Sklepy, Slunecná, Januv vrch, Kamenný vrch |
| Nový Přerov Nový Přerov Nový Přerov is a village and municipality in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 343.... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Na Štrekách, Langewarte |
| Pasohlávky Pasohlávky Pasohlávky is a village in South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It is located 13 km northwest of Mikulov at around and has a population of 726. Pasohlávky is a popular summer resort on northern shore of Nové Mlýny I reservoir... |
Brno-venkov Brno-Country District Brno-Country District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Rímský vrch, Ovcárna, U Akátového lesa |
| Pavlov Pavlov (Břeclav District) Pavlov is a village and municipality in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 537 .... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Pod Pannama, Nad Jezerem, Pod Pálavou, Slunný vrch, U Božích muk, Nová hora, Stará hora, Na Výsluní, Sahara |
| Perná Perná Perná is a village and municipality in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 764 .... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Vestonsko, U Spálené hospody, Purmice, Goldhammer, Železná, Kotelná, Levá klentnická, Pravá klentnická, Nad Sokolovnou, U Mikuláška, Bergrus, U Boží muky, Na Statkách, Levá bavorská, Pravá bavorská, U Kaplicky, Zahrady |
| Pohorelice Pohorelice (Brno-Country District) Pohořelice is a town in Brno-Country District, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 4,414 . It lies on the Jihlava River in the wine region of Mikulov.- External links :... |
Brno-venkov Brno-Country District Brno-Country District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Karlovy kopce, Staré vinohrady, Vlasaticko, Drnholecko, Vinohrádky, Kamínka |
| Popice Popice Popice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Leśnica, within Strzelce County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately east of Leśnica, south of Strzelce Opolskie, and south-east of the regional capital Opole.... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Ráfle, Mitrberk, Stará hora, Svidrunk, Panenský kopec, Unédy, Sonberk, Písky |
| Pouzdrany Pouzdřany Pouzdřany is a township in the South Moravian Region in the Czech Republic. It is situated 13 km in the west of Hustopeče and belongs to the Okres Břeclav.- Geography :... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Kolby, Stará hora, Grunty |
| Pribice Přibice Přibice is a village and municipality in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 1,007 .... |
Brno-venkov Brno-Country District Brno-Country District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Vinohrady, Prední, Podsedly, Ctvrtky |
| Sedlec Sedlec (Břeclav District) Sedlec is a village and municipality in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 828 .... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
U Trešnové aleje, Stolová hora, Zátiší-Hliník, Kotel, Nad Nesytem, Štambery, Sedlecko, U Ovcárny |
| Strachotín Strachotín Strachotín is a village and municipality in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 788 .... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Nad Sklepy, Šusfeldy, U Hrište, Kolimberk, Kraví hora |
| Valtice Valtice The town of Valtice in the Czech Republic contains one of the most impressive Baroque residences of Central Europe. It was designed as the seat of the ruling princes of Liechtenstein by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach in the early 18th century. Construction was supervised by Domenico... |
Breclav Breclav District Břeclav District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Kamenné hory, Hurka, Pod Slunecní horou, Soneberg, Nad Mlýnem, Pánský kopec, Za Humny, Staré hory, U Cihelny, Jižní svahy, Nad Peklem, Terasy u Krížového sklepu, Pod Raisnou, Knížecí vyhlídka, Hintertály, Jižní svahy, Terasy u hranic, Sacny, Kacisdorfské pole, Horní ctvrte, Culisty-Dlúhé, U Hájku |
| Vlasatice Vlasatice Vlasatice, formerly known as Wostitz, is a village and municipality in the Brno-Country District of the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.... |
Brno-venkov Brno-Country District Brno-Country District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Novoveské vinohrady, Branišovské vinohrady, Pohorelické vinohrady |
| Vranovice Vranovice (Brno-Country District) Vranovice is a village and municipality in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 2,002 .... |
Brno-venkov Brno-Country District Brno-Country District is one of seven districts within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic... |
Vinohrádky, Podsedky, Žlebské, Kopecky |