Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-Melikov
Encyclopedia
Count Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-Melikov was a Russian
-Armenian statesman
, General of the Cavalry
, and Adjutant General
of H. I. M. Retinue.
The Loris-Melikovs are the representatives of the old princely-count family. In the XIV-th century the ancestors of this family owned town Lori and the province of the same name and belonged to the top aristocratic society of Georgia. In Russian nobility the princely family of the Loris-Melikovs (is translated from Armenian as “The Princes of Lori”) was approved in 1832.
Count Mikhail Tariel Loris-Melikov was an outstanding statesman of Russian Empire, General-Adjutant, Member of the State Council. Count (1878), General from Cavalry (1875), an honorable member of Academy of Science of Petersburg (1880). The leader of military actions in the Caucasus 1877-78. In 1880 the Head of the Supreme Administrative Commission. In 1861 the Head South Dagestan and Mayor of Derbent, 1863 the Head of Tersk region. In 1879 was sent to Kharkov where he was appointed as General-Gubernator of Astrakhan, Saratov, Samara and Kharkov and was granted with unlimited power. Due to his unique success which crowned his activities in Kharkov, after the explosion in Winter Palace in Feb. 12, 1880 is appointed as the head of the Administrative Commission and in fact become a dictator. On the 6th of August 1880 is appointed as the Minister of Internal Affairs and the Chief of the Gendarmes, in fact, it meant that he was the second after the Imperator in the Machinery of the State.
, Georgia
in 1825 or 1826, and educated in St Petersburg, first at the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages
, and afterwards at the Guards' Cadet Institute. He joined a hussar
regiment, and four years afterwards (1847) he was sent to the Caucasus
, where he remained for more than twenty years, and made for himself during troubled times the reputation of a distinguished cavalry
officer and an able administrator. In the latter capacity, though a keen soldier, he aimed always at preparing the warlike and turbulent population committed to his charge for the transition from military to normal civil administration
, and in this work his favorite instrument was the schoolmaster.
frontier in Asia Minor
. After taking the fortress of Ardahan
, he was repulsed by Ahmed Muhtar Pasha at Zevin
, but subsequently defeated his opponent at Ajaria, took Kars
by storm, and laid siege to Erzerum. For these services he received the title of Count
. He was awarded the Order of Saint George of the second degree on October 27, 1877 for his service in Ajaria.
In the following year, Loris-Melikov became the temporary governor-general of the region of the Lower Volga to combat an outbreak of the plague
. The measures he adopted proved so effectual that he was transferred to the provinces of Central Russia to combat the Nihilists
and Anarchists, who had adopted a policy of terrorism
, and had succeeded in assassinating the governor of Kharkov.
His success in this struggle led to his appointment as chief of the Supreme Administrative Commission which had been created in St Petersburg after the February 1880 assassination attempt on the tsar
to deal with the revolution
ary agitation in general.
Here, as in the Caucasus, he showed a decided preference for the employment of ordinary legal methods rather than exceptional extralegal measures, even after an attempt on his own life soon afterwards. He believed that the best policy was to strike at the root of the evil by removing the causes of popular discontent and recommended to the emperor Alexander II
a large scheme of administrative and economic reforms. Alexander, who was beginning to lose faith in the efficacy of the simple method of police repression hitherto employed, lent a willing ear to the suggestion. When the Supreme Commission was dissolved in August 1880, he appointed Count Loris-Melikov Minister of the Interior with exceptional powers.
The proposed scheme of reforms was at once taken in hand but was never carried out. On the very day (13 March 1881) that the emperor signed a ukase
creating several commissions, composed of officials and eminent private individuals, to prepare reforms in various branches of the administration, he was assassinated by Nihilist conspirators; and his successor, Alexander III
, at once adopted a strongly reactionary policy. When en the new Emperor started to undo some of the reforms that his father, Alexander II had promulgated, Count Loris-Melikov resigned several months later and lived in retirement until his death at Nice
on 22 December 1888.
Children:
TARIEL (STEPAN) LORIS-MELIKOV (1863–1941) – Colonel, Count, representative of an old Armenian princely-count family. The eldest son of the General-Lieutenant, the minister of internal Affairs of Russian Empire Count M.T. Loris Melikov. In 1913 reminded in chronics as the Colonel of Life Guard of the Preobrazhenskiy Regiment. Was married on the granddaughter of A.S.Pushkin on a female line – Princess Varvara Nikolay Argutinskaya-Dolgorukova (1872–1942, Paris). In Switzerland live continuers of the female line V. N. Argutinskaya-Dolgorukova – Count Aleksander Mikhail Loris Melikov (1926) and his four children Anna-Elizabeth, (1959), Dominica, (1961), Natalya (1963) and Mikhail (1964).
OKSEN TARIEl LORIS-MELIKOV (1895–1970) General-Mayor of Russian Empire, the full gentleman of Saint George crosses award. The Commander of Artillery of Dashnak government of Armenia (1916–1918). Being chased by the soviets in 1919 he changed his noble family name into Badalyan (from the Persian word “Bedal” which means repetition). His first wife Annette (Natalya) (1916–1944) is from an Armenian princely family Serebryakovs, her great grandfather is admiral Lazar markovich Serebryakov (1792–1862). In second marriage he married the daughter of baron Konstantin von Nolken (1878–1949) Olga Gilbert (maiden name von Nolken), from the first marriage when he was married with Elizabeth, the daughter of Loris Melikov (1904–1912), who is at the same time the grand daughter of Countess Olga Ada Merenberg.
Continuer of the family from Oksen and Annett:
His children:
- Stepan Sarkis Badalyan (1945) – Doctor of Mathematics, Emergency Management Minister of the Republic of Armenia.
- Lilia Sarkis Badalyan (1946) – Teacher of Music in the State Conservatory of Armenia.
- Yuri Sarkis Badalyan (1950) – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Vice Minister of Economy of the Republic of Armenia.
- Ljusi Sarkis Badalyan (1955) – Lecturer of Russian Language and Literature in Yerevan, Armenia.
His Children:
- Ashot Tsolak Badalyan (1950) – a businessman, lives in Moscow.
Daughter:
Arpi Ashot Badalyan (1988) – expert on the Arab countries, lives in Los Angeles, US. Has a son – Tigran Ashot Zargaryan (2008).
- Anahit Tsolak Badalyan (1946) – Professor of the English Language at Yerevan State Linguistic University. Lives in Yerevan, Armenia.
Children:
Armen Edward Rostomyan (1970) – Doctor of Philosophy in Education (Kent State University, US). Lives in London (UK). Has two sons – Edward (2001) and Alain (2006).
Ara Edward Rostomyan (1974) – Doctor of Philosophy in Education (University of Hartford, US). Lives in Las Vegas (US).
- Armina Tsolak Badalian (1957) – Candidate of Philological Sciences, Businesswoman. Lives in Las Vegas (US).
Daughter:
Margaret Vladimir Akopian (1989) – Medical student. Lives in Las Vegas (US).
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
-Armenian statesman
Statesman
A statesman is usually a politician or other notable public figure who has had a long and respected career in politics or government at the national and international level. As a term of respect, it is usually left to supporters or commentators to use the term...
, General of the Cavalry
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....
, and Adjutant General
Adjutant general
An Adjutant General is a military chief administrative officer.-Imperial Russia:In Imperial Russia, the General-Adjutant was a Court officer, who was usually an army general. He served as a personal aide to the Tsar and hence was a member of the H. I. M. Retinue...
of H. I. M. Retinue.
The Loris-Melikovs are the representatives of the old princely-count family. In the XIV-th century the ancestors of this family owned town Lori and the province of the same name and belonged to the top aristocratic society of Georgia. In Russian nobility the princely family of the Loris-Melikovs (is translated from Armenian as “The Princes of Lori”) was approved in 1832.
Biography
The earliest known ancestors of Count Mikhail Loris-Melikov hail from the Armenian monarchic dynasty of Bagratids, whose blood line is linked to Zakharian prince, hereditary commanders of Georgian armies in the 12th and 13th centuries. He was born in Tiflis in 1825. Died in Nice in 1888. Loris-Melikov was the son of prince Zohrab Melikov and his wife princess Ekaterina Akhverdova.Count Mikhail Tariel Loris-Melikov was an outstanding statesman of Russian Empire, General-Adjutant, Member of the State Council. Count (1878), General from Cavalry (1875), an honorable member of Academy of Science of Petersburg (1880). The leader of military actions in the Caucasus 1877-78. In 1880 the Head of the Supreme Administrative Commission. In 1861 the Head South Dagestan and Mayor of Derbent, 1863 the Head of Tersk region. In 1879 was sent to Kharkov where he was appointed as General-Gubernator of Astrakhan, Saratov, Samara and Kharkov and was granted with unlimited power. Due to his unique success which crowned his activities in Kharkov, after the explosion in Winter Palace in Feb. 12, 1880 is appointed as the head of the Administrative Commission and in fact become a dictator. On the 6th of August 1880 is appointed as the Minister of Internal Affairs and the Chief of the Gendarmes, in fact, it meant that he was the second after the Imperator in the Machinery of the State.
Early life
He was born in TiflisTbilisi
Tbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936...
, Georgia
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
in 1825 or 1826, and educated in St Petersburg, first at the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages
Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages
The Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, established in 1815, was a Moscow school specializing in Caucasian language and culture, particularly that of Armenia, and the cultural center of the Armenian diaspora in Russia. Many Russian scholars specializing in Transcaucasia received their...
, and afterwards at the Guards' Cadet Institute. He joined a hussar
Hussar
Hussar refers to a number of types of light cavalry which originated in Hungary in the 14th century, tracing its roots from Serbian medieval cavalry tradition, brought to Hungary in the course of the Serb migrations, which began in the late 14th century....
regiment, and four years afterwards (1847) he was sent to the Caucasus
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
, where he remained for more than twenty years, and made for himself during troubled times the reputation of a distinguished cavalry
Cavalry
Cavalry or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback. Cavalry were historically the third oldest and the most mobile of the combat arms...
officer and an able administrator. In the latter capacity, though a keen soldier, he aimed always at preparing the warlike and turbulent population committed to his charge for the transition from military to normal civil administration
Administration (government)
The term administration, as used in the context of government, differs according to jurisdiction.-United States:In United States usage, the term refers to the executive branch under a specific president , for example: the "Barack Obama administration." It can also mean an executive branch agency...
, and in this work his favorite instrument was the schoolmaster.
Military career
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, he commanded a separate corps d'armée on the TurkishOttoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
frontier in Asia Minor
Asia Minor
Asia Minor is a geographical location at the westernmost protrusion of Asia, also called Anatolia, and corresponds to the western two thirds of the Asian part of Turkey...
. After taking the fortress of Ardahan
Ardahan
Ardahan is a city in northeastern Turkey, near the Georgian border.-Ancient and medieval:In Ancient times the region was called Gogarene, which is assumed to derive from the name of Gugars, who were a Proto-Kartvelian tribe...
, he was repulsed by Ahmed Muhtar Pasha at Zevin
Zevin
Zevin is a village and municipality in the Yardymli Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,322....
, but subsequently defeated his opponent at Ajaria, took Kars
Kars
Kars is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of Kars Province. The population of the city is 73,826 as of 2010.-Etymology:As Chorzene, the town appears in Roman historiography as part of ancient Armenia...
by storm, and laid siege to Erzerum. For these services he received the title of Count
Count
A count or countess is an aristocratic nobleman in European countries. The word count came into English from the French comte, itself from Latin comes—in its accusative comitem—meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor". The adjective form of the word is...
. He was awarded the Order of Saint George of the second degree on October 27, 1877 for his service in Ajaria.
Civil administrator
Bubonic plague
Plague is a deadly infectious disease that is caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis, named after the French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin. Primarily carried by rodents and spread to humans via fleas, the disease is notorious throughout history, due to the unrivaled scale of death...
. The measures he adopted proved so effectual that he was transferred to the provinces of Central Russia to combat the Nihilists
Nihilist movement
The Nihilist movement was a Russian movement in the 1860s which rejected all authorities. It is derived from the Latin word "nihil", which means "nothing"...
and Anarchists, who had adopted a policy of terrorism
Terrorism
Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...
, and had succeeded in assassinating the governor of Kharkov.
His success in this struggle led to his appointment as chief of the Supreme Administrative Commission which had been created in St Petersburg after the February 1880 assassination attempt on the tsar
Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II , also known as Alexander the Liberator was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 3 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881...
to deal with the revolution
Revolution
A revolution is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time.Aristotle described two types of political revolution:...
ary agitation in general.
Here, as in the Caucasus, he showed a decided preference for the employment of ordinary legal methods rather than exceptional extralegal measures, even after an attempt on his own life soon afterwards. He believed that the best policy was to strike at the root of the evil by removing the causes of popular discontent and recommended to the emperor Alexander II
Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II , also known as Alexander the Liberator was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 3 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881...
a large scheme of administrative and economic reforms. Alexander, who was beginning to lose faith in the efficacy of the simple method of police repression hitherto employed, lent a willing ear to the suggestion. When the Supreme Commission was dissolved in August 1880, he appointed Count Loris-Melikov Minister of the Interior with exceptional powers.
The proposed scheme of reforms was at once taken in hand but was never carried out. On the very day (13 March 1881) that the emperor signed a ukase
Ukase
A ukase , in Imperial Russia, was a proclamation of the tsar, government, or a religious leader that had the force of law...
creating several commissions, composed of officials and eminent private individuals, to prepare reforms in various branches of the administration, he was assassinated by Nihilist conspirators; and his successor, Alexander III
Alexander III of Russia
Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov , historically remembered as Alexander III or Alexander the Peacemaker reigned as Emperor of Russia from until his death on .-Disposition:...
, at once adopted a strongly reactionary policy. When en the new Emperor started to undo some of the reforms that his father, Alexander II had promulgated, Count Loris-Melikov resigned several months later and lived in retirement until his death at Nice
Nice
Nice is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of more than 955,000 on an area of...
on 22 December 1888.
Family tree
Wife: Princess NINA IVANOVNA ARGUTINSKAYA-DOLGORUKOVA.Children:
- MARIA 1858-1916, Italy, lady-in-waiting. Husband Sergey Evgeniy Novikov 1859.
- SOFIA 1862.
- TARIEL 1863-1941, Paris, Colonel of Life Guard of the Preobrazhenskiy Regiment. Wife Varvara Nikolaevna Argutinskaya-Dolgorukova (1872–1942, Paris),
- KONSTANTIN, died in childhood.
- ZAKHARIY 1866-1896, Petersburg, single.
- ELIZABETH Wiesbaden, Germany. Husband Baron Konstantin Stanislav von Nolken (1878–1949).
TARIEL (STEPAN) LORIS-MELIKOV (1863–1941) – Colonel, Count, representative of an old Armenian princely-count family. The eldest son of the General-Lieutenant, the minister of internal Affairs of Russian Empire Count M.T. Loris Melikov. In 1913 reminded in chronics as the Colonel of Life Guard of the Preobrazhenskiy Regiment. Was married on the granddaughter of A.S.Pushkin on a female line – Princess Varvara Nikolay Argutinskaya-Dolgorukova (1872–1942, Paris). In Switzerland live continuers of the female line V. N. Argutinskaya-Dolgorukova – Count Aleksander Mikhail Loris Melikov (1926) and his four children Anna-Elizabeth, (1959), Dominica, (1961), Natalya (1963) and Mikhail (1964).
OKSEN TARIEl LORIS-MELIKOV (1895–1970) General-Mayor of Russian Empire, the full gentleman of Saint George crosses award. The Commander of Artillery of Dashnak government of Armenia (1916–1918). Being chased by the soviets in 1919 he changed his noble family name into Badalyan (from the Persian word “Bedal” which means repetition). His first wife Annette (Natalya) (1916–1944) is from an Armenian princely family Serebryakovs, her great grandfather is admiral Lazar markovich Serebryakov (1792–1862). In second marriage he married the daughter of baron Konstantin von Nolken (1878–1949) Olga Gilbert (maiden name von Nolken), from the first marriage when he was married with Elizabeth, the daughter of Loris Melikov (1904–1912), who is at the same time the grand daughter of Countess Olga Ada Merenberg.
Continuer of the family from Oksen and Annett:
- Sarkis Oksen Badalyan (1919–1993) – Colonel of aviation, participant in World War II , later worked on a leading post in the field of economy, was decorated with awards and medals.
His children:
- Stepan Sarkis Badalyan (1945) – Doctor of Mathematics, Emergency Management Minister of the Republic of Armenia.
- Lilia Sarkis Badalyan (1946) – Teacher of Music in the State Conservatory of Armenia.
- Yuri Sarkis Badalyan (1950) – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Vice Minister of Economy of the Republic of Armenia.
- Ljusi Sarkis Badalyan (1955) – Lecturer of Russian Language and Literature in Yerevan, Armenia.
- Tsolak Oksen Badalyan (1921–1991) – Capitan, a tank man, participant in World War II. In the post war period was on a responsible leading work in Armenia as a Mayor of the city of Vanadzor (province Lori), Minister of Trade, President of the Chamber of Trade and Industry, Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Armenia. Was decorated with numerous awards and medals of USSR and also is decorated with prestigious international award “Gold Mercury” (in USSR such an award is given only to The Secretary General of the USSR L.I. Brezhnev).
His Children:
- Ashot Tsolak Badalyan (1950) – a businessman, lives in Moscow.
Daughter:
Arpi Ashot Badalyan (1988) – expert on the Arab countries, lives in Los Angeles, US. Has a son – Tigran Ashot Zargaryan (2008).
- Anahit Tsolak Badalyan (1946) – Professor of the English Language at Yerevan State Linguistic University. Lives in Yerevan, Armenia.
Children:
Armen Edward Rostomyan (1970) – Doctor of Philosophy in Education (Kent State University, US). Lives in London (UK). Has two sons – Edward (2001) and Alain (2006).
Ara Edward Rostomyan (1974) – Doctor of Philosophy in Education (University of Hartford, US). Lives in Las Vegas (US).
- Armina Tsolak Badalian (1957) – Candidate of Philological Sciences, Businesswoman. Lives in Las Vegas (US).
Daughter:
Margaret Vladimir Akopian (1989) – Medical student. Lives in Las Vegas (US).