Michiharu Mishima
Encyclopedia
was a novelist, playwright and drama critic. His pen name was Shōdō Mishima (三島 章道 Mishima Shōdō).
, Tōkyō
. His grandfather was Michitsune Mishima. His father was Yatarō Mishima
, who was the 8th Governor of the Bank of Japan
. His mother was Marquis Takauta Shijō (四条 隆謌 Shijō Takauta)'s third daughter, Kaneko (加根子). His younger sister was married to Yoshi Hijikata (土方 与志 Hijikata Yoshi).
He was a Peers School
graduate.
and the House of Councillors
and was parliamentary vice-minister to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
and also served as the head of the central training grounds. In 1941, he was awarded the Blue Ribbon Medal for philanthropy. He held a Scouting exhibition in February 1946, the first of its kind since the end of World War II
. In 1950, he transferred the Boy Scouts Association of Japan headquarters to his villa
and home in West Nasuno, Tochigi Prefecture
. This site is now a permanent camping grounds for the Boy Scouts of Japan known as the Nasuno Camping Grounds. In 1951, he was elected to serve as the fourth Chief Scout of Japan at the National General Assembly. J. S. Wilson presented the Wood Badge
to Mishima, which he had earned at Gilwell Park
after the Austrian World Scout Jamboree. In 1953, he received the (きじ章 kijishō) from the Boy Scout Association of Japan for meritorious deeds and services. In 1961, he was awarded the Bronze Wolf
by the World Organization of the Scout Movement
for exceptional services to world Scouting. From February 25 to March 7, 1965, he wrote his serial Scout Jūwa (スカウト十話) for the Mainichi Shimbun
, his final work. Mishima died on April 20, and a (日本連盟 Nippon Remmei) funeral service was held on April 24.
Mishima's handwriting can be found on the stone monument at 'Japan's First Boy Scout Camping Ground' on the banks of Lake Biwa
in Omatsuzaki (Otsu
City, Shiga Prefecture
).
Early life
Mishima was born in AzabuAzabu
is an area within Minato in Tokyo, Japan, built on a marshy area of foothills south of central Tokyo. Its coverage roughly corresponds to that of the former Azabu Ward, presently consisting of nine official districts: Azabu-Jūban, Azabudai, Azabu-Nagasakachō, Azabu-Mamianachō, Nishi-Azabu,...
, Tōkyō
Tokyo
, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...
. His grandfather was Michitsune Mishima. His father was Yatarō Mishima
Yatarō Mishima
was a Japanese businessman, central banker and the 8th Governor of the Bank of Japan . Viscount Mishima was a member of Japan's House of Peers.-Early life:Mishima was born in Kagoshima Prefecture....
, who was the 8th Governor of the Bank of Japan
Bank of Japan
is the central bank of Japan. The Bank is often called for short. It has its headquarters in Chuo, Tokyo.-History:Like most modern Japanese institutions, the Bank of Japan was founded after the Meiji Restoration...
. His mother was Marquis Takauta Shijō (四条 隆謌 Shijō Takauta)'s third daughter, Kaneko (加根子). His younger sister was married to Yoshi Hijikata (土方 与志 Hijikata Yoshi).
He was a Peers School
Gakushuin University
is an elite higher educational institution in Mejiro, Toshima Ward, Tokyo. It was re-established after World War II as an affiliate of the Gakushūin School Corporation, the privatized successor to the original Gakushūin University or "Peers School" set up during the Meiji era to educate the...
graduate.
Career
Mishima was a member of the House of PeersHouse of Peers (Japan)
The ' was the upper house of the Imperial Diet as mandated under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan ....
and the House of Councillors
House of Councillors
The is the upper house of the Diet of Japan. The House of Representatives is the lower house. The House of Councillors is the successor to the pre-war House of Peers. If the two houses disagree on matters of the budget, treaties, or designation of the prime minister, the House of Representatives...
and was parliamentary vice-minister to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Scouting
Mishima formed the nationwide Boy Scouts of Japan with Count Futara Yoshinori in 1922, with Shimpei Gotō at its helm. He was elected as Associate Board Chairman at age 25. He became the first president of the Boy Scout Association of JapanScout Association of Japan
The is the major Scouting organization of Japan. Starting as boys only, the organization was known as the Boy Scouts of Japan from 1922 until 1971, and as Boy Scouts of Nippon from 1971 to 1995, when it became coeducational in all sections, leading to neutral naming...
and also served as the head of the central training grounds. In 1941, he was awarded the Blue Ribbon Medal for philanthropy. He held a Scouting exhibition in February 1946, the first of its kind since the end of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. In 1950, he transferred the Boy Scouts Association of Japan headquarters to his villa
Villa
A villa was originally an ancient Roman upper-class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity,...
and home in West Nasuno, Tochigi Prefecture
Tochigi Prefecture
is a prefecture located in the Kantō region on the island of Honshū, Japan. The capital is the city of Utsunomiya.Nikkō, whose ancient Shintō shrines and Buddhist temples UNESCO has recognized by naming them a World Heritage Site, is in this prefecture...
. This site is now a permanent camping grounds for the Boy Scouts of Japan known as the Nasuno Camping Grounds. In 1951, he was elected to serve as the fourth Chief Scout of Japan at the National General Assembly. J. S. Wilson presented the Wood Badge
Wood Badge
Wood Badge is a Scouting leadership program and the related award for adult leaders in the programs of Scout associations throughout the world. Wood Badge courses aim to make Scouters better leaders by teaching advanced leadership skills, and by creating a bond and commitment to the Scout movement...
to Mishima, which he had earned at Gilwell Park
Gilwell Park
Gilwell Park is a camp site and activity centre for Scouting groups, as well as a training and conference centre for Scout Leaders. The 44 hectare site is in Sewardstonebury, Epping Forest, close to Chingford, London....
after the Austrian World Scout Jamboree. In 1953, he received the (きじ章 kijishō) from the Boy Scout Association of Japan for meritorious deeds and services. In 1961, he was awarded the Bronze Wolf
Bronze Wolf
The Bronze Wolf Award is bestowed by the World Scout Committee to acknowledge "outstanding service by an individual to the World Scout Movement"...
by the World Organization of the Scout Movement
World Organization of the Scout Movement
The World Organization of the Scout Movement is the Non-governmental international organization which governs most national Scout Organizations, with 31 million members. WOSM was established in 1920, and has its headquarters at Geneva, Switzerland...
for exceptional services to world Scouting. From February 25 to March 7, 1965, he wrote his serial Scout Jūwa (スカウト十話) for the Mainichi Shimbun
Mainichi Shimbun
The is one of the major newspapers in Japan, published by .-History:The history of the Mainichi Shimbun begins with founding of two papers during the Meiji period. The Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun was founded first, in 1872. The Mainichi claims that it is the oldest existing Japanese daily newspaper...
, his final work. Mishima died on April 20, and a (日本連盟 Nippon Remmei) funeral service was held on April 24.
Mishima's handwriting can be found on the stone monument at 'Japan's First Boy Scout Camping Ground' on the banks of Lake Biwa
Lake Biwa
is the largest freshwater lake in Japan, located in Shiga Prefecture , northeast of the former capital city of Kyoto. Because of its proximity to the ancient capital, references to Lake Biwa appear frequently in Japanese literature, particularly in poetry and in historical accounts of battles.-...
in Omatsuzaki (Otsu
Otsu, Shiga
is the capital city of Shiga, Japan. The city was founded on October 1, 1898. As of October 1, 2010, the city has an estimated population of 338,629 with an average age of 40.7 years and a population density of 905.28 persons per km²...
City, Shiga Prefecture
Shiga Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan, which forms part of the Kansai region on Honshu Island. The capital is the city of Ōtsu.- History :Shiga was known as Ōmi Province or Gōshū before the prefectural system was established...
).
Literature
- 和訳孟子 Wayaku Mōshi (1918, Daidōkan)
- パトロールシステム Patrol System (1925, author Roland PhilippsRoland PhilippsRoland Erasmus Philipps was a writer and a leading Scout. He was the second son of John Philipps, 1st Viscount St Davids and his wife, Leonora Gerstenberg. He was educated at Twyford School, Winchester College and New College, Oxford.In July 1912 he was appointed Assistant District Commissioner...
) - 少年団指揮者教範 Shōnendan Shikisha Kyōhan: Aids to Scoutmastership (author Robert Baden-Powell)
- 満州及上海に正しき日本を観る 附国際聯盟と我裏南洋 Manshū Oyobi Shanhai ni Tadashiki Nihon o Miru: Fukokusai Remmei to Wagaura Nan'yō (1932, Tōgakusha)
- 世界少年団劇集 Sekai Shōnendan Gekishū (1933, Boy Scouts Association of Japan)
- 郊外健児教育 Kōgai Kenji Kyōiku (1933, author: ロアゾウ, Boy Scouts Association of Japan)
- 日満健児工作 Nichiman Kenji Kōsaku (1934, Tōgakusha)
- 伊太利は奮起した Itarii wa Funki Shita (1939, Jitsugyō no Nihon Sha)
- 少年団概論 Shōnendan Gairon (1939, author: ロアゾウ, Kyōikukenkyūsha)
- 世界児童劇集 附少年団劇集 Sekai Jidō Gekishū: Fushōnendan Gekishū (1940, Shōkasha)
- 少年団指導の理念と実践 Shōnendan Shidō no Rinen to Jissen (1942, Sangakushobō)
- 音なき交響曲 Otonaki Kōkyōkyoku (1958, Hōbunkan)
- 十人百話-9 ボーイスカウト十話 Jūnin Hyakuwa-9: Boy Scout Jūwa (1965, Mainichi Shimbun)
Films
- 平和の勇士 Heiwa no Yūshi (1926, Film Institute of Social Education) monochrome, silent film