Michael Hayes (politician)
Encyclopedia
Michael Hayes was an Irish
politician. He was elected to Dáil Éireann
at the 1921 general election
and served until 1933. He served as Minister for Education during 1922. He was also Ceann Comhairle
of Dáil Éireann
from 1922 to 1932 and served in Seanad Éireann
from 1938 to 1965.
Hayes was born in Dublin, and educated at the Synge Street CBS
and at University College Dublin
(UCD). He later became a lecturer in French at the University. In 1913 he joined the Irish Volunteers
and fought in Jacob's Factory during the Easter Rising
in 1916. He escaped capture but was arrested in 1920 and interned at Ballykinlar.
He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Sinn Féin
Teachta Dála
(TD) for the National University of Ireland
constituency at the 1921 general election. At the 1922 general election
he was elected as a Pro-Treaty
Sinn Féin TD. He served as Minister for Education from January to September 1922. He was also acting Minister for Foreign Affairs from August to September 1922. He supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty
during the crucial debates in 1922. That same year he was elected Ceann Comhairle of the first Dáil of the Irish Free State
. He held that post for ten years until 1932.
At the 1923 general election
, he was elected as a Cumann na nGaedheal TD for two constituencies; Dublin South
and National University of Ireland
. He resigned his seat in Dublin South following the election.
Hayes lost his Dáil seat at the 1933 general election
, but was elected to Seanad Éireann in 1938. He remained a Senator until 1965, acting as leader of government and opposition there.
Hayes became Professor of Irish at UCD in 1951.
Irish people
The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years , with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded having legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha...
politician. He was elected to Dáil Éireann
Dáil Éireann
Dáil Éireann is the lower house, but principal chamber, of the Oireachtas , which also includes the President of Ireland and Seanad Éireann . It is directly elected at least once in every five years under the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote...
at the 1921 general election
Irish elections, 1921
Two elections in Ireland took place in 1921, as a result of the Government of Ireland Act 1920 to establish the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland. The election was used by Irish Republicans as the basis of membership of the Second Dáil...
and served until 1933. He served as Minister for Education during 1922. He was also Ceann Comhairle
Ceann Comhairle
The Ceann Comhairle is the chairman of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas of Ireland. The person who holds the position is elected by members of the Dáil from among their number in the first session after each general election...
of Dáil Éireann
Dáil Éireann
Dáil Éireann is the lower house, but principal chamber, of the Oireachtas , which also includes the President of Ireland and Seanad Éireann . It is directly elected at least once in every five years under the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote...
from 1922 to 1932 and served in Seanad Éireann
Seanad Éireann
Seanad Éireann is the upper house of the Oireachtas , which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann . It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members Senators or Seanadóirí . Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by...
from 1938 to 1965.
Hayes was born in Dublin, and educated at the Synge Street CBS
Synge Street CBS
Synge Street CBS is a Christian Brothers School in Dublin 8, Ireland. It was founded in 1864.-Primary school:The primary section caters for boys from seven to twelve years. It is called Sancta Maria CBS. It opened in 1954.-Secondary school:...
and at University College Dublin
University College Dublin
University College Dublin ) - formally known as University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin is the Republic of Ireland's largest, and Ireland's second largest, university, with over 1,300 faculty and 17,000 students...
(UCD). He later became a lecturer in French at the University. In 1913 he joined the Irish Volunteers
Irish Volunteers
The Irish Volunteers was a military organisation established in 1913 by Irish nationalists. It was ostensibly formed in response to the formation of the Ulster Volunteers in 1912, and its declared primary aim was "to secure and maintain the rights and liberties common to the whole people of Ireland"...
and fought in Jacob's Factory during the Easter Rising
Easter Rising
The Easter Rising was an insurrection staged in Ireland during Easter Week, 1916. The Rising was mounted by Irish republicans with the aims of ending British rule in Ireland and establishing the Irish Republic at a time when the British Empire was heavily engaged in the First World War...
in 1916. He escaped capture but was arrested in 1920 and interned at Ballykinlar.
He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Sinn Féin
Sinn Féin
Sinn Féin is a left wing, Irish republican political party in Ireland. The name is Irish for "ourselves" or "we ourselves", although it is frequently mistranslated as "ourselves alone". Originating in the Sinn Féin organisation founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith, it took its current form in 1970...
Teachta Dála
Teachta Dála
A Teachta Dála , usually abbreviated as TD in English, is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas . It is the equivalent of terms such as "Member of Parliament" or "deputy" used in other states. The official translation of the term is "Deputy to the Dáil", though a more literal...
(TD) for the National University of Ireland
National University of Ireland (constituency)
National University of Ireland is a parliamentary constituency in Ireland, through which graduates of the National University of Ireland have elected members of various legislative bodies including currently Seanad Éireann.-Summary:...
constituency at the 1921 general election. At the 1922 general election
Irish general election, 1922
The Irish general election of 1922 took place in Southern Ireland on 16 June 1922, under the provisions of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty to elect a constituent assembly paving the way for the formal establishment of the Irish Free State...
he was elected as a Pro-Treaty
Anglo-Irish Treaty
The Anglo-Irish Treaty , officially called the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the secessionist Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of...
Sinn Féin TD. He served as Minister for Education from January to September 1922. He was also acting Minister for Foreign Affairs from August to September 1922. He supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty
Anglo-Irish Treaty
The Anglo-Irish Treaty , officially called the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the secessionist Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of...
during the crucial debates in 1922. That same year he was elected Ceann Comhairle of the first Dáil of the Irish Free State
Irish Free State
The Irish Free State was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by the British government and Irish representatives exactly twelve months beforehand...
. He held that post for ten years until 1932.
At the 1923 general election
Irish general election, 1923
The Irish general election of 1923 was held on 27 August 1923. The newly elected members of the 4th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on 19 September when the new President of the Executive Council and Executive Council of the Irish Free State were appointed. The election was held just after the end...
, he was elected as a Cumann na nGaedheal TD for two constituencies; Dublin South
Dublin South (Dáil Éireann constituency)
Dublin South is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects 5 deputies...
and National University of Ireland
National University of Ireland (constituency)
National University of Ireland is a parliamentary constituency in Ireland, through which graduates of the National University of Ireland have elected members of various legislative bodies including currently Seanad Éireann.-Summary:...
. He resigned his seat in Dublin South following the election.
Hayes lost his Dáil seat at the 1933 general election
Irish general election, 1933
The Irish general election of 1933 was held on 24 January 1933. The newly elected members of the 8th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on 8 February when the new President of the Executive Council and Executive Council of the Irish Free State were appointed....
, but was elected to Seanad Éireann in 1938. He remained a Senator until 1965, acting as leader of government and opposition there.
Hayes became Professor of Irish at UCD in 1951.