Martha Hildebrandt
Encyclopedia
Martha Luz Hildebrandt Pérez-Treviño (La Libertad
, January 13, 1925) is a Peru
vian linguist
and politician
. Martha Hildebrandt was the second woman to occupy the Presidency of the Congress of the Republic of Peru
in 1999 (Martha Chávez
was the first). Since 1995 she has exercised her charge in the Congress of Peru.
She is also the half-sister of César Hildebrandt, a Peruvian journalist.
. In 1952 she studied "Descriptive Linguistics" in Oklahoma
, United States
and subsequently "Structural Linguistics" in Illinois
, also in the United States.
, where she worked in the area of linguistics at the Department of Justice of Venezuela. In 1962 she returned to the National University of San Marcos as professor and remained there until 1973. From 1972 until 1976 she was also the General Director of the Institute of Culture.
(OAS) and in UNESCO
, in the area of linguistics.
nor Aymara
. She was Perpetual Secretary of the Academia Peruana de la Lengua from 1993 to the 2005. Their numerous books on subjects related to the Spanish Language
are extensively quoted.
Her political life began in 1994 with her (professional) relationship with Alberto Fujimori
. In the general elections of 1995 she was chosen by Cambio 90-Nueva Mayoría as the Congressperson of the Republic, initiating her first period in the Legislature. When the general elections of the 2000 approached and Alberto Fujimori desired to advance to the re-reelection, she defended the controversial project, along with Martha Chávez
, Luz Salgado and Carmen Lozada.
In 1999 she was chosen as President of the Congress and in 2000 she was reaffirmed in the position. When the state of Alberto Fujimori began to collapse, Hildebrandt was removed from the position, to avoid "to be closely tied to the regime".
She was replaced by the First Vice-president Luz Salgado, and then after two quarrelled elections between government supporters and opposition, Valentín Paniagua Corazao (Accion Popular
) was chosen temporarily, as the new President of the Congress and therefore as Transitory President of the Republic.
In the general elections of the 2001, she was not elected, but before the reproof of Luz Salgado, was her replacement in the Congress of the Republic. Already in the general elections of the 2006, advanced with the number 2 to the Congress and turned out to be chosen with the third voting inside Alianza para el Futuro, a coalition of the whole parted fujimoristas.
In August 2006, she criticized two congresswomen from Cusco
, Hilaria Supa
and María Sumire
, for being sworn in before Congress in their native language Quechua
on July 25, 2006. She demanded that Spanish should be used as the only language in Congress. However, the Congress decided that translations from Quechua and other indigenous languages should be taken into account for all sessions.
For the Meeting of 2006, they will accompany the most voted member (Keiko Fujimori
of AF 2006) and that of smaller age (Luciana León
of APRA
). It is also curious that since Hildebrandt worked in the Junta, only women have occupied that role.
La Libertad
La Libertad can refer to:;Ecuador*La Libertad, Guayas*La Libertad Canton;El Salvador*La Libertad, La Libertad*La Libertad Department;Honduras*La Libertad, Comayagua*La Libertad, Francisco Morazán;Guatemala*La Libertad, El Petén...
, January 13, 1925) is a Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
vian linguist
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
and politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
. Martha Hildebrandt was the second woman to occupy the Presidency of the Congress of the Republic of Peru
Congress of Peru
The Congress of the Republic of Peru or the National Congress of Peru is the unicameral body that assumes legislative power in Peru.Congress consists of 130 members of congress , who are elected for five year periods in office on a proportional representation basis...
in 1999 (Martha Chávez
Martha Chávez
Martha Gladys Chávez Cossío de Ocampo is a Peruvian politician and lawyer who ran unsuccessfully for president in the 2006 presidential elections on the Alliance for the Future ticket.-Education and professional career:...
was the first). Since 1995 she has exercised her charge in the Congress of Peru.
She is also the half-sister of César Hildebrandt, a Peruvian journalist.
Studies
In 1942 she studied education in National University of San MarcosNational University of San Marcos
The National University of San Marcos is the most important and respected higher-education institution in Peru. Its main campus, the University City, is located in Lima...
. In 1952 she studied "Descriptive Linguistics" in Oklahoma
Oklahoma
Oklahoma is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. With an estimated 3,751,351 residents as of the 2010 census and a land area of 68,667 square miles , Oklahoma is the 28th most populous and 20th-largest state...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and subsequently "Structural Linguistics" in Illinois
Illinois
Illinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,...
, also in the United States.
Working life
From 1947 to 1953, she worked at the National University of San Marcos as a teacher. Then she traveled to VenezuelaVenezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
, where she worked in the area of linguistics at the Department of Justice of Venezuela. In 1962 she returned to the National University of San Marcos as professor and remained there until 1973. From 1972 until 1976 she was also the General Director of the Institute of Culture.
Linguistics
From 1974 to 1978 she held important positions in the Organization of American StatesOrganization of American States
The Organization of American States is a regional international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States...
(OAS) and in UNESCO
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
, in the area of linguistics.
Political life as a Congresswoman
Martha Hildebrandt may be the local linguist best known to the broad Peruvian public, though she speaks neither QuechuaQuechua languages
Quechua is a Native South American language family and dialect cluster spoken primarily in the Andes of South America, derived from an original common ancestor language, Proto-Quechua. It is the most widely spoken language family of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, with a total of probably...
nor Aymara
Aymara language
Aymara is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes. It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over three million speakers. Aymara, along with Quechua and Spanish, is an official language of Peru and Bolivia...
. She was Perpetual Secretary of the Academia Peruana de la Lengua from 1993 to the 2005. Their numerous books on subjects related to the Spanish Language
Spanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
are extensively quoted.
Her political life began in 1994 with her (professional) relationship with Alberto Fujimori
Alberto Fujimori
Alberto Fujimori Fujimori served as President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 17 November 2000. A controversial figure, Fujimori has been credited with the creation of Fujimorism, uprooting terrorism in Peru and restoring its macroeconomic stability, though his methods have drawn charges of...
. In the general elections of 1995 she was chosen by Cambio 90-Nueva Mayoría as the Congressperson of the Republic, initiating her first period in the Legislature. When the general elections of the 2000 approached and Alberto Fujimori desired to advance to the re-reelection, she defended the controversial project, along with Martha Chávez
Martha Chávez
Martha Gladys Chávez Cossío de Ocampo is a Peruvian politician and lawyer who ran unsuccessfully for president in the 2006 presidential elections on the Alliance for the Future ticket.-Education and professional career:...
, Luz Salgado and Carmen Lozada.
In 1999 she was chosen as President of the Congress and in 2000 she was reaffirmed in the position. When the state of Alberto Fujimori began to collapse, Hildebrandt was removed from the position, to avoid "to be closely tied to the regime".
She was replaced by the First Vice-president Luz Salgado, and then after two quarrelled elections between government supporters and opposition, Valentín Paniagua Corazao (Accion Popular
Acción Popular
Acción Popular may refer to:* Popular Action , a political party in El Salvador* Popular Action , a centrist and social liberal party* Popular Action , Spanish Roman Catholic political party from 1931 to 1937...
) was chosen temporarily, as the new President of the Congress and therefore as Transitory President of the Republic.
In the general elections of the 2001, she was not elected, but before the reproof of Luz Salgado, was her replacement in the Congress of the Republic. Already in the general elections of the 2006, advanced with the number 2 to the Congress and turned out to be chosen with the third voting inside Alianza para el Futuro, a coalition of the whole parted fujimoristas.
In August 2006, she criticized two congresswomen from Cusco
Cusco
Cusco , often spelled Cuzco , is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region as well as the Cuzco Province. In 2007, the city had a population of 358,935 which was triple the figure of 20 years ago...
, Hilaria Supa
Hilaria Supa
Hilaria Supa Huamán , is a human rights activist, an active member of several Indigenous women organizations in Peru and the world and a Peruvian politician...
and María Sumire
María Sumire
María Cleofé Sumire de Conde is a Peruvian politician. She is currently a Congresswoman representing Cusco for the period 2006-2011, and belongs to the Union for Peru party....
, for being sworn in before Congress in their native language Quechua
Quechua languages
Quechua is a Native South American language family and dialect cluster spoken primarily in the Andes of South America, derived from an original common ancestor language, Proto-Quechua. It is the most widely spoken language family of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, with a total of probably...
on July 25, 2006. She demanded that Spanish should be used as the only language in Congress. However, the Congress decided that translations from Quechua and other indigenous languages should be taken into account for all sessions.
Curiosities
Martha Hidebrandt prompted the creation of a preschool for the children of Congresspersons, and left her grandchildren in that preschool. Since 1995 she has been involved in the Junta prep School of the Congress. In this meeting they gather upon more voting, that of under age and that of greater age, and Hildebrandt has always been that of greater age.For the Meeting of 2006, they will accompany the most voted member (Keiko Fujimori
Keiko Fujimori
Keiko Sofía Fujimori Higuchi is a Peruvian Fujimorista politician, daughter of former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori and Susana Higuchi. She served as First Lady, from 1994 to 2000, after her parents divorced, becoming the youngest First Lady in the history of the Americas...
of AF 2006) and that of smaller age (Luciana León
Luciana León
Luciana Milagros León Romero is a Peruvian politician .Luciana León holds a law degree from the University of Lima and a Master of Governance and Public Policy from the University of San Martín de Porres....
of APRA
APRA
APRA or Apra may refer to:* American Popular Revolutionary Alliance , a Peruvian political party* Australasian Performing Right Association, a copyright collecting society...
). It is also curious that since Hildebrandt worked in the Junta, only women have occupied that role.