Marquess of Winchester
Encyclopedia
Peerage of England
The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....
. It was created in 1551 for the prominent statesman William Paulet, 1st Earl of Wiltshire
William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester
Sir William Paulet was an English Secretary of State and statesman who attained several peerages throughout his lifetime: Baron St John , Earl of Wiltshire , and Marquess of Winchester .-Family origins and early career in Hampshire:William Paulet was eldest son of Sir John Paulet of...
. He had already been created Baron St John in 1539 and Earl of Wiltshire in 1550, also in the Peerage of England. The first Marquess was one of the most noted statesmen of his time, serving in high positions under Henry VIII and all his children, and served as Lord High Treasurer
Lord High Treasurer
The post of Lord High Treasurer or Lord Treasurer was an English government position and has been a British government position since the Act of Union of 1707. A holder of the post would be the third highest ranked Great Officer of State, below the Lord High Chancellor and above the Lord President...
of England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
from 1550 to 1572. He was succeeded by his son, the second Marquess, who had been summoned to the House of Lords
House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
in his father's lifetime through a writ of acceleration
Writ of acceleration
A writ in acceleration, commonly called a writ of acceleration, was a type of writ of summons to the British House of Lords that enabled the eldest son and heir apparent of a peer with multiple peerage titles to attend the British House of Lords or Irish House of Lords, using one of his father's...
in his father's junior title of Baron St John. His son, the third Marquess, was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration as Lord St John in 1572. His grandson, the fifth Marquess, represented St Ives
St Ives (UK Parliament constituency)
St. Ives is a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election.-History:...
in the House of Commons
British House of Commons
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...
. During the Civil War
English Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...
he was a strong supporter of King Charles I
Charles I of England
Charles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
and became known as "the loyal Marquess". The family seat of Basing House
Basing House
Basing House was a major Tudor palace and castle in the village of Old Basing in the English county of Hampshire. It once rivaled Hampton Court Palace in its size and opulence. Today only its foundations and earthworks remain...
was burnt to the ground by the Parliamentarians during the conflict. During this period, the courtesy title for the heirs apparent of the Marquesses was Baron St John; that of Earl of Wiltshire does not seem to have been used, perhaps because of an unsubstantiated tradition that that title was surrendered upon the creation of the Marquessate.
He was succeeded by his son, the sixth Marquess. The sixth Marquess was a supporter of William III
William III of England
William III & II was a sovereign Prince of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland...
and Mary
Mary II of England
Mary II was joint Sovereign of England, Scotland, and Ireland with her husband and first cousin, William III and II, from 1689 until her death. William and Mary, both Protestants, became king and queen regnant, respectively, following the Glorious Revolution, which resulted in the deposition of...
and was rewarded for his support after the Glorious Revolution
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, is the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau...
when he was created Duke of Bolton. He was succeeded by his son, the second Duke, who, as heir apparent to the Marquessate in 1675, was the first to adopt the courtesy title of Earl of Wiltshire. The second Duke was a politician and notably served as Lord Chamberlain of the Household and as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was the British King's representative and head of the Irish executive during the Lordship of Ireland , the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland...
. On his death the titles passed to his son, the third Duke, who was also a politician. He was a Whig Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
and served as Lord Lieutenant
Lord Lieutenant
The title Lord Lieutenant is given to the British monarch's personal representatives in the United Kingdom, usually in a county or similar circumscription, with varying tasks throughout history. Usually a retired local notable, senior military officer, peer or business person is given the post...
of several counties. In 1717 he was meant to be summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron St John (of Basing). However, he was mistakenly summoned as Lord Pawlett of Basing and this inadvertently created a new barony.
However, the barony of Pawlett of Basing became extinct as he had no legitimate offspring while he was succeeded in the other titles by his younger brother, the fourth Duke. He notably served as a Lord of the Admiralty and as Lord Lieutenant of both Hampshire
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire
This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. Since 1688, all the Lords Lieutenant have also been Custos Rotulorum of Hampshire.*William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester 1551–?*William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester bef...
and Glamorganshire. His eldest son, the fifth Duke, was a Member of Parliament and Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixth Duke. He was an Admiral of the White. The sixth Duke had no sons and on his death in 1794 the Dukedom became extinct. Most of the family estates passed to his niece Jean Mary Browne-Powlett, illegitimate daughter of the fifth Duke. She was the wife of Thomas Orde, who assumed the additional surname of Powlett and was created Baron Bolton
Baron Bolton
Baron Bolton, of Bolton Castle in the County of York, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1797 for the Tory politician Thomas Orde-Powlett, who had previously served as Chief Secretary for Ireland...
in 1797.
The late Duke was succeeded in the Barony of St John, the Earldom of Wiltshire and the Marquessate of Winchester by his distant relative (his third cousin once removed) George Paulet, who became the twelfth Marquess. He was the great-grandson of Lord Henry Paulet, third son of the fourth Marquess. He had earlier represented Winchester in Parliament. His son, the thirteenth Marquess, was a Member of Parliament for Truro and served as Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. In 1839 Lord Winchester assumed the additional surname of Burroughs. He was succeeded by his son, the fourteenth Marquess. He was also Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. His son, the fifteenth Marquess, was a Major
Major
Major is a rank of commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every military in the world.When used unhyphenated, in conjunction with no other indicator of rank, the term refers to the rank just senior to that of an Army captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel. ...
in the Coldstream Guards
Coldstream Guards
Her Majesty's Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards, also known officially as the Coldstream Guards , is a regiment of the British Army, part of the Guards Division or Household Division....
and was killed in action at the Battle of Magersfontein
Battle of Magersfontein
The Battle of MagersfonteinSpelt incorrectly in various English texts as "Majersfontein", "Maaghersfontein" and "Maagersfontein". was fought on 11 December 1899, at Magersfontein near Kimberley on the borders of the Cape Colony and the independent republic of the Orange Free State...
in 1899 during the Second Boer War
Second Boer War
The Second Boer War was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the British Empire and the Afrikaans-speaking Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State...
. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixteenth Marquess. He was Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire and Chairman of the Hampshire County Council
Hampshire County Council
Hampshire County Council is the county council that governs the majority of the county of Hampshire in England. It provides the upper tier of local government, below which are district councils, and town and parish councils...
. On his death in 1962 at the age of 99 the line of the fourteenth Marquess failed.
He was succeeded by his first cousin twice removed, the seventeenth Marquess. He was the great-grandson of the Reverend Lord Charles Paulet, second son of the thirteenth Marquess. On the seventeenth Marquess's death in 1968 this line of the family also failed and the title passed to the late Marquess's first cousin once removed, the eighteenth and (as of 2007) present holder of the titles. He is the grandson of Cecil Henry Paulet, uncle of the seventeenth Marquess. Lord Winchester lives in South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
.
The surname of the later Dukes of Bolton is usually spelled "Powlett" rather than "Paulet".
The Marquessate of Winchester is the oldest English (and British) Marquessate still in existence, and as a result, the holder of the title is considered the Premier Marquess of England. The Marquess of Winchester, incidentally, is the only Marquess in the Peerage of England without a higher title; all other Marquesses in that Peerage are also Dukes. This makes the Marquessate paradoxically the Marquess with the highest in precedence in theory yet the lowest in reality. (The Marquesses of Bath and Salisbury—who also hold no dukedoms—were created as peers of Great Britain.)
Earl of Wiltshire is used as the courtesy title of Lord Winchester's eldest son and heir. Lord Wiltshire's son and heir uses the courtesy title Lord St John. One of the main family seats was Basing House
Basing House
Basing House was a major Tudor palace and castle in the village of Old Basing in the English county of Hampshire. It once rivaled Hampton Court Palace in its size and opulence. Today only its foundations and earthworks remain...
.
Marquesses of Winchester (1551)
- William Paulet, 1st Marquess of WinchesterWilliam Paulet, 1st Marquess of WinchesterSir William Paulet was an English Secretary of State and statesman who attained several peerages throughout his lifetime: Baron St John , Earl of Wiltshire , and Marquess of Winchester .-Family origins and early career in Hampshire:William Paulet was eldest son of Sir John Paulet of...
(d. 1572) - John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of WinchesterJohn Paulet, 2nd Marquess of WinchesterJohn Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester was the son of William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester and Elizabeth Capell....
(c. 1517–1576) - William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of WinchesterWilliam Paulet, 3rd Marquess of WinchesterWilliam Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester was the son of John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester and Elizabeth Willoughby. He married Agnes Howard, daughter of William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham and his first wife, Katherine Broughton.- Children :# Lord William Paulet, 4th Marquess of...
(c. 1535–1598) - William Paulet, 4th Marquess of WinchesterWilliam Paulet, 4th Marquess of WinchesterWilliam Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester was the son of William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester and Agnes Howard. He married Lady Lucy Cecil, daughter of Sir Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter and Dorothy Neville...
(c. 1560–1628) - John Paulet, 5th Marquess of WinchesterJohn Paulet, 5th Marquess of WinchesterJohn Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester , styled Lord John Paulet until 1621 and Lord St John from 1621 to 1628 was third but eldest surviving son of William Paulet and his successor as 5th Marquess of Winchester....
(c. 1598–1674) - Charles Paulet, 6th Marquess of WinchesterCharles Paulet, 1st Duke of BoltonCharles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton, PC , son of John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester. He became the sixth Marquess of Winchester on his father's death in 1675, was Member of Parliament for Winchester and then for Hampshire from 1660 to 1675...
(d. 1699) (created Duke of Bolton in 1689)
Dukes of Bolton (1689)
- Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton, 6th Marquess of WinchesterCharles Paulet, 1st Duke of BoltonCharles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton, PC , son of John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester. He became the sixth Marquess of Winchester on his father's death in 1675, was Member of Parliament for Winchester and then for Hampshire from 1660 to 1675...
(d. 1699) - Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton, 7th Marquess of WinchesterCharles Paulet, 2nd Duke of BoltonCharles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton KG PC was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Member of Parliament for Hampshire and a supporter of William III of Orange....
(1661–1722) - Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton, 8th Marquess of WinchesterCharles Powlett, 3rd Duke of BoltonLieutenant-General Charles Powlett , 3rd Duke of Bolton KG PC was a British nobleman and politician....
(1685–1754) - Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Bolton, 9th Marquess of WinchesterHarry Powlett, 4th Duke of BoltonHarry Powlett, 4th Duke of Bolton PC , known until 1754 as Lord Harry Powlett, was a British nobleman and Whig politician, the second son of Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton and Frances Ramsden...
(1691–1759) - Charles Powlett, 5th Duke of Bolton, 10th Marquess of WinchesterCharles Powlett, 5th Duke of BoltonCharles Powlett, 5th Duke of Bolton, KCB, PC , styled Marquess of Winchester from 1754 to 1759, was a British soldier, nobleman and Whig politician. He was the eldest son of Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Bolton and Catherine Parry.Educated at Winchester, he joined the British Army and became a...
(d. 1765) - Harry Powlett, 6th Duke of Bolton, 11th Marquess of WinchesterHarry Powlett, 6th Duke of BoltonAdmiral Harry Powlett, 6th Duke of Bolton PC was a British nobleman and naval officer.He was the second son of Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Bolton and Catherine Parry. Educated at Winchester , he joined the Royal Navy, becoming a lieutenant aboard Shrewsbury on 4 March 1740...
(1720–1794)
Marquesses of Winchester (1551; Reverted)
- George Paulet, 12th Marquess of WinchesterGeorge Paulet, 12th Marquess of WinchesterGeorge Paulet, 12th Marquess of Winchester , known as George Paulet or Powlett until 1794, was an English courtier and nobleman.George was the eighth and youngest son of Norton Paulet, or Powlett , of Amport...
(1722–1800) - Charles Ingoldsby Paulet, 13th Marquess of WinchesterCharles Paulet, 13th Marquess of WinchesterCharles Ingoldsby Paulet, 13th Marquess of Winchester PC was a British peer and courtier, styled Earl of Wiltshire from 1794 until 1800....
(1765–1843) - John Paulet, 14th Marquess of Winchester (1801–1887)
- Augustus John Henry Beaumont Paulet, 15th Marquess of Winchester (1858–1899)
- Henry William Montague Paulet, 16th Marquess of Winchester (1862–1962)
- Richard Charles Paulet, 17th Marquess of Winchester (1905–1968)
- Nigel George Paulet, 18th Marquess of WinchesterNigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of WinchesterNigel George Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester is a British peer and the premier Marquess of England. He succeeded a cousin in the title in 1968.Winchester currently lives in South Africa.He married Rosemary Anne Hilton, on 25 November 1967...
(b. 1941)
The heir apparent
Heir apparent
An heir apparent or heiress apparent is a person who is first in line of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting, except by a change in the rules of succession....
is the present holder's son Christopher John Hilton Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire
Christopher Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire
Christopher Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire is the elder son and heir of England's premier Marquess, Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester. He runs a chemical company and is a guitarist with the music group Wizard. In October 1992, he married Christine Mary Town, and the couple have two...
(b. 1969)
The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son Michael John Paulet, Lord St John of Basing (b. 1999)
See also
- Baron BoltonBaron BoltonBaron Bolton, of Bolton Castle in the County of York, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1797 for the Tory politician Thomas Orde-Powlett, who had previously served as Chief Secretary for Ireland...
- Earl PoulettEarl PoulettEarl Poulett was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1706 for John Poulett, 4th Baron Poulett. The Poulett family descended from Sir Anthony Poulett, who served as Governor of Jersey and as Captain of the Guard to Queen Elizabeth I. His eldest son Sir John Poulett represented...
- Earl of WinchesterEarl of WinchesterEarl of Winchester was a title that was created three times in the Peerage of England during the Middle Ages. The first was Saer de Quincy, who received the earldom in 1207/8 after his wife inherited half of the lands of the Beaumont earls of Leicester. This creation became extinct in 1265 upon the...
- Paulet BaronetsPaulet BaronetsThe Paulet Baronetcy, of West Hill Lodge in the County of Southampton, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 18 March 1836 for the 21-year-old Henry Paulet, in honour of his late father, Vice-Admiral Lord Henry Paulet, younger son of the twelfth Marquess of...
- Bapsybanoo PavryBapsybanoo PavryBapsybanoo Pavry was born Miss Bapsy Pavry of Bombay, the daughter of a Parsi Head Priest, the Most Rev. Khursheedjee Pavry.Bapsy was in England from a young age and the Bombay beauty was considered to be quite a socialite...