Marius Nygaard (academic)
Encyclopedia
Marius Nygaard was a Norwegian educator and linguist.
as a son of shipmaster and merchant Mads Christensen Nygaard (1793–1875) and Maren Behrens (1806–1875). On the maternal side he was a first cousin of Johan Diederich Behrens.
Nygaard married Elise Martin (1842–1923) in August 1863 in Bergen. They had the son William Martin Nygaard
, a notable politician and book publisher. Marius Nygaard was also a grandfather of Mads Wiel Nygaard and judge Marius Nygaard
, and a great-grandfather of Agnes Nygaard Haug
, Kristen Nygaard
and William Nygaard
.
his secondary education in 1855 and graduated from the Royal Frederick University
with the cand.philol. degree in 1861. He worked at Bergen Cathedral School from 1862 to 1863 and Christianssand Cathedral School 1864 to 1876, and was headmaster from 1876 to 1877. He was the headmaster of the upper secondary school in Fredrikshald
from 1877 to 1894 and Drammen
from 1894 to 1910. He was a member of the city council
s of both Christianssand, Fredrikshald and Drammen.
He conducted linguistic research. Publications include Eddasprogets Syntax, in two volumes in 1865 and 1867, about the syntax
in Edda
, as well as Betydningen og Brugen af Verbet in 1878. He was a member of Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
from 1877 and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
from 1880. In 1887 he published the Latin-Norwegian dictionary Latinsk Ordbog together with Jan Johanssen and Emil Schreiner
, a book which is still in use—it has been updated and reissued, last in 1998.
He published Kortfattet Fremstilling af det norske Landsmaals Grammatik in 1867, a very early grammar of Landsmål
. He was a proponent of this written form of Norwegian, among others as a member of Vestmannalaget. Together with Jonathan Aars he was also a driving force behind the Norwegian ortHographic reform of 1907, which marked a split between Dano-Norwegian
and the new Riksmål.
He was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1890, and died in February 1912 in Kristiania
.
Personal life
He was born in BergenBergen
Bergen is the second largest city in Norway with a population of as of , . Bergen is the administrative centre of Hordaland county. Greater Bergen or Bergen Metropolitan Area as defined by Statistics Norway, has a population of as of , ....
as a son of shipmaster and merchant Mads Christensen Nygaard (1793–1875) and Maren Behrens (1806–1875). On the maternal side he was a first cousin of Johan Diederich Behrens.
Nygaard married Elise Martin (1842–1923) in August 1863 in Bergen. They had the son William Martin Nygaard
William Martin Nygaard
William Martin Nygaard was a Norwegian publisher and politician.Nygaard was born in Kristiansand as the son of educator and linguist Marius Nygaard and his wife Elisabeth "Elise" Martin and brother of Kristen Brunfeldt Nygaard and Finn Nygaard...
, a notable politician and book publisher. Marius Nygaard was also a grandfather of Mads Wiel Nygaard and judge Marius Nygaard
Marius Nygaard (judge)
Marius Nygaard was a Norwegian judge.He enrolled as a student in 1920 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1924. He worked as a deputy judge from 1925 to 1927, as a secretary in the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police from 1927 to 1935 and an auxiliary judge from 1935 to 1936...
, and a great-grandfather of Agnes Nygaard Haug
Agnes Nygaard Haug
Agnes Margrete Nygaard Haug is a Norwegian judge.She was born in Oslo as a daughter of Supreme Court Justice Marius Nygaard and Eva Julie Johanne Christensen . Her great-grandfather was the academic Marius Nygaard, and she is also a grandniece of William Martin Nygaard and a second cousin of...
, Kristen Nygaard
Kristen Nygaard
Kristen Nygaard was a Norwegian computer scientist, programming language pioneer and politician. He was born in Oslo and died of a heart attack in 2002.-Object-oriented programming:...
and William Nygaard
William Nygaard
William Nygaard is a retired Norwegian publisher who graduated with a degree in economics in 1967. He is also chairman of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation.-Business career:...
.
Career
He finishedExamen artium
Examen artium was the name of the academic certification conferred in Denmark and Norway, qualifying the student for admission to university studies. Examen artium was originally introduced as the entrance exam of the University of Copenhagen in 1630...
his secondary education in 1855 and graduated from the Royal Frederick University
University of Oslo
The University of Oslo , formerly The Royal Frederick University , is the oldest and largest university in Norway, situated in the Norwegian capital of Oslo. The university was founded in 1811 and was modelled after the recently established University of Berlin...
with the cand.philol. degree in 1861. He worked at Bergen Cathedral School from 1862 to 1863 and Christianssand Cathedral School 1864 to 1876, and was headmaster from 1876 to 1877. He was the headmaster of the upper secondary school in Fredrikshald
Halden
is a both a town and a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the Tista river delta on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden.-History:...
from 1877 to 1894 and Drammen
Drammen
Drammen is a city in Buskerud County, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the eastern and most populated part of Norway.-Location:...
from 1894 to 1910. He was a member of the city council
City council
A city council or town council is the legislative body that governs a city, town, municipality or local government area.-Australia & NZ:Because of the differences in legislation between the States, the exact definition of a City Council varies...
s of both Christianssand, Fredrikshald and Drammen.
He conducted linguistic research. Publications include Eddasprogets Syntax, in two volumes in 1865 and 1867, about the syntax
Syntax
In linguistics, syntax is the study of the principles and rules for constructing phrases and sentences in natural languages....
in Edda
Edda
The term Edda applies to the Old Norse Poetic Edda and Prose Edda, both of which were written down in Iceland during the 13th century in Icelandic, although they contain material from earlier traditional sources, reaching into the Viking Age...
, as well as Betydningen og Brugen af Verbet in 1878. He was a member of Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters is a learned society based in Trondheim, Norway.-History:DKNVS was founded in 1760 by bishop of Nidaros Johan Ernst Gunnerus, headmaster at the Trondheim Cathedral School Gerhard Schøning and Councillor of State Peter Frederik Suhm under the name...
from 1877 and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway.-History:The University of Oslo was established in 1811. The idea of a learned society in Christiania surfaced for the first time in 1841. The city of Throndhjem had no university, but had a learned...
from 1880. In 1887 he published the Latin-Norwegian dictionary Latinsk Ordbog together with Jan Johanssen and Emil Schreiner
Emil Schreiner
Emil Theodor Schreiner was a Norwegian philologist and educator.-Biography:Schreiner was born in Christiania in 1831. He was the son of merchant Peter Heinrich Schreiner and Andrea Wiborg...
, a book which is still in use—it has been updated and reissued, last in 1998.
He published Kortfattet Fremstilling af det norske Landsmaals Grammatik in 1867, a very early grammar of Landsmål
Landsmål
Landsmål, meaning "language of the land/country", was the name Ivar Aasen gave the Norwegian orthography he created in the 19th century. In 1885 it was adopted as an official language in Norway alongside Danish. In 1929, Landsmål was renamed Nynorsk...
. He was a proponent of this written form of Norwegian, among others as a member of Vestmannalaget. Together with Jonathan Aars he was also a driving force behind the Norwegian ortHographic reform of 1907, which marked a split between Dano-Norwegian
Dano-Norwegian
Dano-Norwegian is a linguistic term for a koiné that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of the union between the Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway . It is from this koiné that Riksmål and Bokmål developed...
and the new Riksmål.
He was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1890, and died in February 1912 in Kristiania
Oslo
Oslo is a municipality, as well as the capital and most populous city in Norway. As a municipality , it was established on 1 January 1838. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III of Norway, the city was largely destroyed by fire in 1624. The city was moved under the reign of Denmark–Norway's King...
.