Louis Aloy de Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein
Encyclopedia
Louis Aloy Prince de Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein (August 18, 1765 – May 30, 1829) was a German prince
and Marshal of France
.
.
princes of France. He greatly distinguished himself under Condé
in the campaigns of 1792–93, especially at the storming of the lines of Wissembourg
.
Subsequently he entered the service of the Netherlands
, and, when almost surrounded by the army of General Pichegru, conducted a masterly retreat from the island of Bommelerwaard
to the Waal. After the Dutch surrendered to the French armies, Hohenlohe joined the Austrian
army with whom he fought in the campaigns of 1794 to 1798. The following year he was named major-general by the Archduke Charles of Austria
. Hohenlohe was promoted to the rank of Feldmarshallleutnant in 1806 and the next year saw him being appointed governor of Galicia.
offered to restore to Hohenlohe his principality of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
on condition that he adhered to the Confederation of the Rhine
, but as he refused, it was united to Württemberg
. Hohenlohe entered French service with the rank of lieutenant general after the fall of Napoleon and the restoration of the House of Bourbon
in 1814. The following year he held the command of a regiment raised by himself
, with which he took part in the Spanish campaign of 1823. The same year he was naturalized a French citizen, upon which he was made a Peer of France
. In 1827 was given the distinction of Marshal of France.
Fürst
Fürst is a German title of nobility, usually translated into English as Prince.The term refers to the head of a principality and is distinguished from the son of a monarch, who is referred to as Prinz...
and Marshal of France
Marshal of France
The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
.
Early life
Hohenlohe was born at Bartenstein in Hohenlohe-BartensteinHohenlohe-Bartenstein
Hohenlohe-Bartenstein was a German Principality located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Bartenstein. Hohenlohe-Bartenstein was a partition of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst and was raised from a County to a Principality in 1744...
.
Military service
In 1784 he entered the service of the Palatinate, which he quit in 1792 to take command as a colonel of a French army regiment raised by his father for the service of the emigréÉmigré
Émigré is a French term that literally refers to a person who has "migrated out", but often carries a connotation of politico-social self-exile....
princes of France. He greatly distinguished himself under Condé
Condé
-Places in France:*Condé, Indre, in the Indre département*Condé-en-Brie, in the Aisne département*Condé-Folie, in the Somme département*Condé-lès-Autry, in the Ardennes département*Condé-lès-Herpy, in the Ardennes département...
in the campaigns of 1792–93, especially at the storming of the lines of Wissembourg
Wissembourg
Wissembourg is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in northeastern France.It is situated on the little River Lauter close to the border between France and Germany approximately north of Strasbourg and west of Karlsruhe. Wissembourg is a sub-prefecture of the department...
.
Subsequently he entered the service of the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
, and, when almost surrounded by the army of General Pichegru, conducted a masterly retreat from the island of Bommelerwaard
Bommelerwaard
Bommelerwaard is a district in Gelderland, Netherlands.The Bommelerwaard is situated among three rivers: the Maas in the south, the Waal in the north and the Afgedamde Maas in the west. It is formed by the area of two municipalities: Zaltbommel and Maasdriel....
to the Waal. After the Dutch surrendered to the French armies, Hohenlohe joined the Austrian
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
army with whom he fought in the campaigns of 1794 to 1798. The following year he was named major-general by the Archduke Charles of Austria
Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of emperor Leopold II and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain...
. Hohenlohe was promoted to the rank of Feldmarshallleutnant in 1806 and the next year saw him being appointed governor of Galicia.
French citizenship
NapoleonNapoleon I of France
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution.As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815...
offered to restore to Hohenlohe his principality of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
Hohenlohe-Bartenstein was a German Principality located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Bartenstein. Hohenlohe-Bartenstein was a partition of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst and was raised from a County to a Principality in 1744...
on condition that he adhered to the Confederation of the Rhine
Confederation of the Rhine
The Confederation of the Rhine was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire. It was formed initially from 16 German states by Napoleon after he defeated Austria's Francis II and Russia's Alexander I in the Battle of Austerlitz. The Treaty of Pressburg, in effect, led to the...
, but as he refused, it was united to Württemberg
Württemberg
Württemberg , formerly known as Wirtemberg or Wurtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia....
. Hohenlohe entered French service with the rank of lieutenant general after the fall of Napoleon and the restoration of the House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
in 1814. The following year he held the command of a regiment raised by himself
Hohenlohe Regiment
The Hohenlohe Regiment was an infantry regiment of the French Army established after the abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte and consisting of foreign soldiers who wished to continue service in the French Army.-History:...
, with which he took part in the Spanish campaign of 1823. The same year he was naturalized a French citizen, upon which he was made a Peer of France
Peerage of France
The Peerage of France was a distinction within the French nobility which appeared in the Middle Ages. It was abolished in 1789 during the French Revolution, but it reappeared in 1814 at the time of the Bourbon Restoration which followed the fall of the First French Empire...
. In 1827 was given the distinction of Marshal of France.