This is a list of the species that inhabit the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands or the Leeward Islands are the small islands and atolls in the Hawaiian island chain located northwest of the islands of Kauai and Niihau. They are administered by the U.S. state of Hawaii except Midway Atoll, which has temporary residential facilities and is...

. Except for researchers and volunteers living on Midway Atoll

Midway Atoll

Midway Atoll is a atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, near the northwestern end of the Hawaiian archipelago, about one-third of the way between Honolulu, Hawaii, and Tokyo, Japan. Unique among the Hawaiian islands, Midway observes UTC-11 , eleven hours behind Coordinated Universal Time and one hour...

, Kure Atoll

Kure Atoll

Kure Atoll or Ocean Island is an atoll in the Pacific Ocean beyond Midway Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands at . The only land of significant size is called Green Island and is habitat for hundreds of thousands of seabirds...

, and Tern Island

Tern Island

Tern Island can also refer to:* Tern Island , the main island in the atoll of French Frigate Shoals, in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands* Tern Island , Canada* Tern Island , Australia* Tern Island, South Georgia...

, the leeward islands are uninhabited by people but home to at least 7000 species ranging from marine mammals, fish, sea turtles, birds and invertebrates. Many of these species are rare or endangered and at least 25% are endemic to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. This list identifies which islands the species lives on, and whether the species is endemic to the NWHI.

Birds

	Nihoa Nihoa Nihoa , also known as Bird Island or Moku Manu, is the largest and tallest of ten islands and atolls in the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands . The island is located at the southern end of the NWHI chain, southeast of Necker Island...	Necker	French Frigate Shoals French Frigate Shoals The French Frigate Shoals is the largest atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Its name commemorates French explorer Jean-François de La Pérouse, who nearly lost two frigates when attempting to navigate the shoals...	Gardner Pinnacles Gardner Pinnacles The Gardner Pinnacles are two barren rock outcrops surrounded by a reef and located in the Hawaiian Islands at , northwest of Honolulu and French Frigate Shoals. The total area of the two small islets—remnants of an ancient volcano—is . Its highest peak has a commanding height of 170...	Laysan Laysan Laysan , located northwest of Honolulu at N25° 42' 14" W171° 44' 04", is one of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It comprises one land mass of , about 1 by 1.5 miles in size . It is an atoll of sorts, although the land completely surrounds a shallow central lake some above sea level that has...	Lisianski Lisianski Island Lisianski Island is one of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, with a land area of and a maximum elevation of above sea level. Honolulu is away, to the southeast. Linked to Lisianski are the extensive Neva Shoals...	Pearl and Hermes Pearl and Hermes Atoll The Pearl and Hermes Atoll , is part of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Named after two English whaleships, the Pearl and the Hermes, that wrecked there in 1822, a few, small, sandy islands exist, contained within a lagoon and surrounded by a coral reef. These islands are devoid of vegetation,...	Midway Midway Atoll Midway Atoll is a atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, near the northwestern end of the Hawaiian archipelago, about one-third of the way between Honolulu, Hawaii, and Tokyo, Japan. Unique among the Hawaiian islands, Midway observes UTC-11 , eleven hours behind Coordinated Universal Time and one hour...	Kure Kure Atoll Kure Atoll or Ocean Island is an atoll in the Pacific Ocean beyond Midway Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands at . The only land of significant size is called Green Island and is habitat for hundreds of thousands of seabirds...	Endemic?
Laysan Albatross Laysan Albatross The Laysan Albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis, is a large seabird that ranges across the North Pacific. This small two-tone gull-like albatross is the second most common seabird in the Hawaiian Islands, with an estimated population of 2.5 million birds, and is currently expanding its range to new...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Nihoa Finch Nihoa Finch The Nihoa Finch is one of the two endemic bird species of the tiny Hawaiian island Nihoa, the other being the Nihoa Millerbird. When it was classified in 1917, scientists thought that it would be the last endemic species named. This was later found untrue. The island's population is 1000-3000 birds...	Nihoa									Endemic
Blue Noddy Blue Noddy The Blue Noddy is a species of tern in the Sternidae family. It is also known as the Blue-grey Noddy.It is found in American Samoa, the Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, Samoa, Tonga , Tuvalu and Hawaii. It has occurred as a vagrant in Australia and...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles
Nihoa Millerbird Nihoa Millerbird The Nihoa Millerbird is a subspecies of the Millerbird. It gets its name from its preferred food, the Miller moth. The five-inch long Millerbird has dark, sepia-colored feathers, white belly, and dark beak...	Nihoa									Endemic
Red-footed Booby Red-footed Booby The Red-footed Booby, Sula sula, is a large seabird of the booby family, Sulidae. As suggested by the name, adults always have red feet, but the colour of the plumage varies. They are powerful and agile fliers, but they are clumsy in takeoffs and landings...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Laysan Finch Laysan Finch The Laysan Finch is a species of finch in the Hawaiian honeycreeper subfamily, Drepanidinae, that is endemic to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It is one of four remaining finch-billed Hawaiian honeycreepers, and is closely related to the smaller Nihoa Finch. The Laysan Finch is named for...					Laysan		Pearl and Hermes			Endemic
Brown Noddy Brown Noddy The Brown Noddy or Common Noddy is a seabird from the tern family. The largest of the noddies, it can be told from the closely related Black Noddy by its larger size and plumage, which is dark brown rather than black...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Laysan Duck Laysan Duck The Laysan Duck , also known as the Laysan Teal because of its small size, is an endangered dabbling duck endemic to the Hawaiian Islands...					Laysan					Endemic
Bristle-thighed Curlew Bristle-thighed Curlew The Bristle-thighed Curlew, Numenius tahitiensis, is a large shorebird that breeds in Alaska and winters on tropical Pacific islands. It has a long, decurved bill and bristled feathers at the base of the legs. Its length is about 43 cm and wingspan about 84 cm...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Pacific Golden Plover Pacific Golden Plover The Pacific Golden Plover is a medium-sized plover.The 23–26 cm long breeding adult is spotted gold and black on the crown, back and wings. Its face and neck are black with a white border and it has a black breast and a dark rump. The legs are black...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Grey-backed Tern Grey-backed Tern The Spectacled Tern , also known as the Grey-backed Tern, is a seabird in the tern family.-Description:A close relative of the Bridled and Sooty Terns , the Spectacled Tern is less common than the other members of its genus and is has been studied less...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Ruddy Turnstone Ruddy Turnstone The Ruddy Turnstone is a small wading bird, one of two species of turnstone in the genus Arenaria. It is now classified in the sandpiper family Scolopacidae but was formerly sometimes placed in the plover family Charadriidae...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Black-footed Albatross Black-footed Albatross The Black-footed Albatross, Phoebastria nigripes, is a large seabird from the North Pacific of the albatross family Diomedeidae. It is one of three species of albatross that range in the northern hemisphere, nesting on isolated tropical islands...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Great Frigatebird Great Frigatebird The Great Frigatebird is a large dispersive seabird in the frigatebird family. Major nesting populations are found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, as well as a population in the South Atlantic....	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
White Tern White Tern The White Tern is a small seabird found across the tropical oceans of the world. It is sometimes known as the Fairy Tern although this name is potentially confusing as it is the common name of the Fairy Tern Sternula nereis...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski		Midway	Kure
Short-tailed Albatross Short-tailed Albatross The Short-tailed Albatross or Steller's Albatross, Phoebastria albatrus, is a large rare seabird from the North Pacific. Although related to the other North Pacific albatrosses, it also exhibits behavioural and morphological links to the albatrosses of the Southern Ocean...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Black Noddy Black Noddy The Black Noddy or White-capped Noddy is a seabird from the tern family. It resembles the closely related Brown or Common Noddy , but is smaller with darker plumage, a whiter cap, a longer, straighter beak and shorter tail...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Wedge-tailed Shearwater Wedge-tailed Shearwater The Wedge-tailed Shearwater, Puffinus pacificus is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It is one of the shearwater species that is sometimes referred to as a Muttonbird, like the Sooty Shearwater of New Zealand and the Short-tailed Shearwater of Australia...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Brown Booby Brown Booby The Brown Booby is a large seabird of the booby family, Sulidae. The adult brown booby reaches about in length. Its head and upper body are covered in dark brown, with the remainder being a contrasting white. The juvenile form is gray-brown with darkening on the head, wings and tail...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Christmas Shearwater Christmas Shearwater The Christmas Shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis, is a medium-sized shearwater of the tropical Central Pacific. It is a poorly known species due to its remote nesting habits, and it has not been extensively studied at sea either....	Nihoa		French Frigate Shoals		Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Masked Booby Masked Booby The Masked Booby, Sula dactylatra, is a large seabird of the booby family, Sulidae. This species breeds on islands in tropical oceans, except in the eastern Atlantic; in the eastern Pacific it is replaced by the Nazca Booby, Sula granti, which was formerly regarded as a subspecies of Masked Booby...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Sooty Tern Sooty Tern The Sooty Tern, Onychoprion fuscatus , is a seabird of the tern family . It is a bird of the tropical oceans, breeding on islands throughout the equatorial zone. Colloquially, it is known as the Wideawake Tern or just wideawake...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Bonin Petrel Bonin Petrel The Bonin Petrel, Pterodroma hypoleuca, is a seabird in the family Procellariidae. It is a small gadfly petrel that lives in the waters of the north west Pacific and nests on islands south of Japan and in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands...	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure

Plants

	Nihoa Nihoa Nihoa , also known as Bird Island or Moku Manu, is the largest and tallest of ten islands and atolls in the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands . The island is located at the southern end of the NWHI chain, southeast of Necker Island...	Necker	French Frigate Shoals French Frigate Shoals The French Frigate Shoals is the largest atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Its name commemorates French explorer Jean-François de La Pérouse, who nearly lost two frigates when attempting to navigate the shoals...	Gardner Pinnacles Gardner Pinnacles The Gardner Pinnacles are two barren rock outcrops surrounded by a reef and located in the Hawaiian Islands at , northwest of Honolulu and French Frigate Shoals. The total area of the two small islets—remnants of an ancient volcano—is . Its highest peak has a commanding height of 170...	Laysan Laysan Laysan , located northwest of Honolulu at N25° 42' 14" W171° 44' 04", is one of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It comprises one land mass of , about 1 by 1.5 miles in size . It is an atoll of sorts, although the land completely surrounds a shallow central lake some above sea level that has...	Lisianski Lisianski Island Lisianski Island is one of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, with a land area of and a maximum elevation of above sea level. Honolulu is away, to the southeast. Linked to Lisianski are the extensive Neva Shoals...	Pearl and Hermes Pearl and Hermes Atoll The Pearl and Hermes Atoll , is part of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Named after two English whaleships, the Pearl and the Hermes, that wrecked there in 1822, a few, small, sandy islands exist, contained within a lagoon and surrounded by a coral reef. These islands are devoid of vegetation,...	Midway Midway Atoll Midway Atoll is a atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, near the northwestern end of the Hawaiian archipelago, about one-third of the way between Honolulu, Hawaii, and Tokyo, Japan. Unique among the Hawaiian islands, Midway observes UTC-11 , eleven hours behind Coordinated Universal Time and one hour...	Kure Kure Atoll Kure Atoll or Ocean Island is an atoll in the Pacific Ocean beyond Midway Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands at . The only land of significant size is called Green Island and is habitat for hundreds of thousands of seabirds...	Endemic?
Pritchardia remota Pritchardia remota Pritchardia remota is a species of palm endemic on the island of Nihoa, Hawaii, and later transplanted to the island of Laysan. It is a smaller tree than most other species of Pritchardia, typically reaching only tall and with a trunk diameter of . It is the only type of tree on the island and...	Nihoa									Endemic
Nihoa Carnation Nihoa Carnation Schiedea verticillata, known as the Nihoa Carnation, is an endangered species of carnation, endemic to the island of Nihoa in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, where it was discovered in 1923 by the Tanager Expedition. It has been listed as endangered since 1996.It has stems long, erect or...	Nihoa									Endemic
Amaranthus brownii Amaranthus brownii Amaranthus brownii is an annual herb in the Amaranthaceae family. The plant is found only on the small island of Nihoa in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, growing on rocky outcrops at altitudes of . It is one of nine species of Amaranthus in the Hawaiian Islands, but the only endemic Hawaiian...	Nihoa									Endemic
Morning Glory Ipomoea indica Ipomoea indica is a species of morning glory known by several common names, including Blue morning glory, oceanblue morning glory, koali awa, and blue dawn flower.-Description:...	Nihoa				Laysan			Midway	Kure
Boerhavia repens Boerhavia Boerhavia, the spiderlings, is a genus of about 40 species of annual or perennial herbaceous plants in the four o'clock flower family, Nyctaginaceae. The common name refers to the appearance of a spider or spider's web given by the numerous long, slender and interlocking stems of the inflorescences...					Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Portulaca lutea Portulaca Portulaca is the type genus of the flowering plant family Portulacaceae, comprising about 40-100 species found in the tropics and warm temperate regions. They are also sometimes known as Rose Moss or more commonly Moss Roses....	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals	Gardner Pinnacles	Laysan	Lisianski		Midway
Ohai Sesbania tomentosa Sesbania tomentosa, commonly known as Ōhai, is an endangered species of flowering plant in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to the main Hawaiian Islands as well as Nihoa and Necker Island. It inhabits low shrublands and, rarely, dry forests, at elevations from sea level to...	Nihoa	Necker
Native Hawaiian Sedge Cyperus polystachyos Cyperus polystachyos, also known as Pycreus polystachyos is a herbaceous species in the family Cyperaceae, found in Hawaii.It is common in the neotropics as a weed in grass lawns....	Nihoa				Laysan			Midway	Kure
Ena ena Gnaphalium Gnaphalium is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. It contains about 120 species, which are commonly called cudweeds...								Midway	Kure
Sea purslane Sesuvium Sesuvium is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. The roughly eight species it contains are commonly known as sea-purslanes.-Selected species:* Sesuvium crithmoides Welw. – Tropical Sea-purslane...		Necker			Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes
Goosefoot	Nihoa	Necker	French Frigate Shoals		Laysan	Lisianski
Puaokama Sicyos Sicyos is a flowering plant genus of the family Cucurbitaceae.Members of the genus are commonly known as burr cucumbers.-Selected species:-Formerly placed here:* Blastania garcini Cogn....					Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes		Kure
Dwarf Eragrostis Lovegrass Eragrostis is genus of the Poaceae and the namesake of the tribe Eragrostideae. It would remain therein as long as this group remains valid after revision of the Chloridoideae, even if other genera presently placed in the Eragrostideae are moved elsewhere...			French Frigate Shoals				Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Laysan Sedge Cyperaceae Cyperaceae are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which superficially resemble grasses or rushes. The family is large, with some 5,500 species described in about 109 genera. These species are widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group...					Laysan					Endemic
Button Sedge Fimbristylis Fimbristylis is a genus of sedges. A plant in this genus may be known commonly as a fimbry, fimbristyle, or fringe-rush. There are 200 to 300 species distributed worldwide. Several continents have native species but many have been introduced to regions where they are not native. Many are...			French Frigate Shoals				Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Eragrostis variabilis	Nihoa				Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Nelson's Horsenettle Nelson's Horsenettle Solanum nelsonii , commonly known as Nelson's Horsenettle, is an annual to perennial plant in the Solanaceae family, part of the Solanum or nightshade genus. This poisonous plant is endemic to the Pacific Islands. It grows low to the ground in sandy soil.Nelson's Horsenettle was first described by...	Nihoa				Laysan		Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Beach Morning Glory	Nihoa		French Frigate Shoals		Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure
Tribulus cistoides Tribulus Tribulus is a genus of plants found in many warm regions. The best-known member is T. terrestris , a widespread weed and also the source of a dietary supplement....	Nihoa		French Frigate Shoals		Laysan	Lisianski	Pearl and Hermes	Midway	Kure