List of photographic processes
Encyclopedia
Color
- AgfacolorAgfacolorthumb|An Agfacolor slide dating from the early 1940s. While the colors themselves hold up well after 60 years, damages visible include dust and [[Newton's rings]].Agfacolor is a series of color photographic products produced by Agfa of Germany...
- AnthotypeAnthotypeAn Anthotype is a image created using photosensitive material from plants. This process was originally invented by Sir John Herschel in 1842. An emulsion is made from crushed flower petals or any other light-sensitive plant, fruit or vegetable...
- Autochrome LumièreAutochrome LumièreThe Autochrome Lumière is an early color photography process. Patented in 1903 by the Lumière brothers in France and first marketed in 1907, it was the principal color photography process in use before the advent of subtractive color film in the mid-1930s....
, 1903 - Carbon printCarbon printA carbon print is a photographic print with an image consisting of pigmented gelatin, rather than of silver or other metallic particles suspended in a uniform layer of gelatin, as in typical black-and-white prints, or of chromogenic dyes, as in typical photographic color prints.In the original...
, 1862 - ChromogenicChromogenicChromogenic refers to color photographic processes in which a traditional silver image is first formed, and then later replaced with a colored dye image.- Description :...
positive (EktachromeEktachromeEktachrome is a brand name owned by Kodak for a range of transparency, still, and motion picture films available in most formats, including 35 mm and sheet sizes to 11x14 inch size. Ektachrome has a distinctive look that became familiar to many readers of National Geographic, which used it...
)- E-3 processE-3 processThe E-3 process is a now outdated process for developing color reversal photographic film, which was invented in the early 1950s....
- E-4 processE-4 processThe E-4 process is a now outdated process for developing color reversal photographic film.The process is infamous for its use of the highly toxic reversal agent Tertiary Butyl-Amine Borane . The use of the reversal agent permits processing of the film without the manual reexposure that its...
- E-6 processE-6 processThe E-6 process is a chromogenic photographic process for developing Ektachrome, Fujichrome and other color reversal photographic film....
- E-3 process
- ChromogenicChromogenicChromogenic refers to color photographic processes in which a traditional silver image is first formed, and then later replaced with a colored dye image.- Description :...
negative- C-41 processC-41 processC-41 is a chromogenic color print film developing process. C-41, also known as CN-16 by Fuji, CNK-4 by Konica, and AP-70 by AGFA, is the most popular film process in use, with most photofinishing labs devoting at least one machine to this development process....
- RA-4 processRA-4 processRA-4 is Kodak's proprietary name for the chemical process most commonly used to make color photographic prints. It is used for both digital printers of the types most common today in photo labs and drug stores, and for prints made with older-type optical enlargers and manual processing...
- C-41 process
- DufaycolorDufaycolorDufaycolor is an early French and British additive color photographic film process for motion pictures and stills photography. It was based on a four-color screen photographic process invented in 1908 by Frenchman Louis Dufay...
- Dye destructionDye destructionDye destruction or dye bleach is a photographic printing process, in which dyes embedded in the paper are bleached in processing. Because the dyes are fully formed in the paper prior to processing, they may be formulated with few constraints, compared with the complex dye couplers that must react...
- Cibachrome
- IlfochromeIlfochromeIlfochrome is a dye destruction positive-to-positive photographic process used for the reproduction of slides on photographic paper. The prints are made on a dimensionally stable polyester base, essentially a plastic base opposed to traditional paper base...
- Dye-transfer processDye-transfer process-History:Technicolor introduced dye transfer in its Process 3, introduced in the feature film The Viking , which was produced by the Technicolor Corporation and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Techicolor's two previous systems were an additive color process and a poorly-received subtractive color...
- KodachromeKodachromeKodachrome is the trademarked brand name of a type of color reversal film that was manufactured by Eastman Kodak from 1935 to 2009.-Background:...
- K-12 process
- K-14 processK-14 processK-14 was the developing process for Kodak's Kodachrome transparency film; the last version having been designated Process K-14M. The process differed significantly from its contemporary, the E-6 process, in both complexity and length. Kodachrome film has no integral color couplers; dyes are...
- HeliochromeHeliochromeA heliochrome is a color photograph, particularly one made by the early experimental processes of the middle 19th to early 20th centuries. The word was coined from the Greek roots "helios", the sun, and "chroma", color, to mean "colored by the sun"...
- Lippmann plateLippmann plateGabriel Lippmann conceived a two-step method to record and reproduce colours, known as:* direct photochromes,* interference photochromes,* Lippmann photochromes,* Photography in natural colours by direct exposure in the camera...
, 1891
A
- Abration tone
- Acetate film
- Albertype
- Albumen printAlbumen printThe albumen print, also called albumen silver print, was invented in 1850 by Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, and was the first commercially exploitable method of producing a photographic print on a paper base from a negative...
, 1850 - Algraphy
- AmbrotypeAmbrotyperight|thumb|Many ambrotypes were made by unknown photographers, such as this American example of a small girl holding a flower, circa 1860. Because of their fragility ambrotypes were held in folding cases much like those used for [[daguerreotype]]s...
- Amphitype
- Amylotype
- AnaglyphAnaglyph imageAnaglyph images are used to provide a stereoscopic 3D effect, when viewed with glasses where the two lenses are different colors, such as red and cyan. Images are made up of two color layers, superimposed, but offset with respect to each other to produce a depth effect...
- Anthrakotype
- Archertype
- Argentotype
- ArgyrotypeArgyrotypeArgyrotype is an iron-based silver printing process that produces brown images on plain paper. It is an alternative process derived from the Argentotype, Kallitype, and Van Dyke processes of the 19th Century, but has greater simplicity, improved image stability, and longer sensitizer shelf-life...
- Aristo paper
- Aristotype
- Artotype
- Atrephograph
- Atrograph
- AurotypeAurotypeAurotype is a monochrome photographic printing process that uses Gold chloride, potassium ferricyanide and ferrocyanide. It was described in 1844 by Robert Hunt. It is a member of the Siderotype family of processes....
- AutotypeAutotypeAutotype is a function in some computer applications or programs, typically those containing forms, which fills in a field once you have typed in the first few letters...
B
- Baryta coated paper
- Bayard process
- Bichromate process
- Bichromated gelatin
- Bichromated gum arabic
- Bichromatic albumen
- Bitumen of JudeaBitumen of JudeaThe photographic process known as Bitumen of Judea is quite possibly the oldest modern photographic technique. The technique was first used by French lithographer Nicéphore Niépce in the 1820s. In 1826, using a tarlike material that covered a pewter plate, he took a picture of the countryside near...
, 1826 - Breyertype
- Bromoil ProcessBromoil ProcessThe Bromoil Process was an early photographic process that was very popular with the Pictorialists during the first half of the twentieth century...
, 1907 - Burneum
C
- Caffenol
- CalotypeCalotypeCalotype or talbotype is an early photographic process introduced in 1841 by William Henry Fox Talbot, using paper coated with silver iodide. The term calotype comes from the Greek for 'beautiful', and for 'impression'....
, 1841 - Cameo
- Carbon printCarbon printA carbon print is a photographic print with an image consisting of pigmented gelatin, rather than of silver or other metallic particles suspended in a uniform layer of gelatin, as in typical black-and-white prints, or of chromogenic dyes, as in typical photographic color prints.In the original...
, 1855 - Carbro Print
- Carbro
- Casein pigment
- Catalysotype
- Catalisotype
- Catatype
- Cellulose diacetate negative
- Cellulose nitrate negative
- Cellulose triacetate negative
- Ceroleine
- Chalkotype
- Charbon Velour
- Chromatype
- Chripotype
- ChrysotypeChrysotypeChrysotype is a photographic process invented by John Herschel in 1842. Named from the Greek for "gold", it uses colloidal gold to record images on paper....
, 1842 - Chrystollotype
- Cliché verreCliché verreCliché Verre is a combination of art and photography. In brief, it is a method of either etching, painting or drawing on a transparent surface, such as glass, thin paper or film and printing the resulting image on a light sensitive paper in a photographic darkroom. It is a process first practiced...
- Collodion paper
- Collodion processCollodion processThe collodion process is an early photographic process. It was introduced in the 1850s and by the end of that decade it had almost entirely replaced the first practical photographic process, the daguerreotype. During the 1880s the collodion process, in turn, was largely replaced by gelatin dry...
, 1851 - CollotypeCollotypeCollotype is a dichromate-based photographic process invented by Alphonse Poitevin in 1856. and was used for large volume mechanical printing before the existence of cheaper offset lithography. It can produce results difficult to distinguish from metal-based photographic prints because of its...
, 1870 - Color paper
- Contact printContact printA contact print is a photographic image produced from film; sometimes from a film negative, and sometimes from a film positive. The defining characteristic of a contact print is that the photographic result is made by exposing through the film negative or positive, onto a light sensitive material...
- Contact sheet
- Contretype
- Copper Photogravure
- Crystoleum
- Crystal photo 1850
- CyanotypeCyanotypeCyanotype is a photographic printing process that gives a cyan-blue print. The process was popular in engineering circles well into the 20th century. The simple and low-cost process enabled them to produce large-scale copies of their work, referred to as blueprints...
, 1842
D
- DaguerreotypeDaguerreotypeThe daguerreotype was the first commercially successful photographic process. The image is a direct positive made in the camera on a silvered copper plate....
, 1839 - Dallastype
- Diaphanotype
- Diazotype
- dr5 chrome B&W positive process
- Dry collodion negative
- Dry collodion process
- Dry plateDry plateDry plate, also known as gelatin process, is an improved type of photographic plate. It was invented by Dr. Richard L. Maddox in 1871, and by 1879 it was so well introduced that the first dry plate factory had been established...
- Dye coupler process
- Dye destruction process
- Dye diffusion transfer process
- Dye transfer print
E
- Eburneum
- Ectograph
- Ectographe
- Electrotype
- Energiatype
- Enamaline
- Enamel photograph
G
- Gaslight paper
- Gaudinotype
- Gelatino-Bromide emulsions, 1875
- Gelatin-silver processGelatin-silver processThe gelatin silver process is the photographic process used with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers. A suspension of silver salts in gelatin is coated onto a support such as glass, flexible plastic or film, baryta paper, or resin-coated paper...
- Gem tintype
- Ghost photograph
- Gum bichromateGum bichromateGum bichromate is a 19th century photographic printing process based on the light sensitivity of dichromates. It is capable of rendering painterly images from photographic negatives. Gum printing is traditionally a multi-layered printing process, but satisfactory results may be obtained from a...
- Gum Bichromate Print
- Gum Dichromate
- Gum over platinumGum over platinumGum over platinum is a historical chemical photographic process, which was commonly used in art photography. It is a very complex process, in which a specially-treated platinum print photograph is coated with washes of gum arabic, then re-exposed to the same photographic negative. The finished...
- Gum printingGum printingGum printing is a way of making photographic reproductions without the use of silver halides. The process used salts of dichromate in common with a number of other related processes such as sun printing....
= *PhotogravurePhotogravurePhotogravure is an intaglio printmaking or photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive, and then etched, resulting in a high quality intaglio print that can reproduce the detail and continuous tones of a...
H
- Hallotype
- HeliographyHeliographyHeliography is the photographic process invented by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce around 1822, which he used to make the earliest known permanent photograph from nature, View from the Window at Le Gras . The process used bitumen , as a coating on glass or metal, which hardened in relation to exposure to...
- Heliotype
- Hellenotype
- Hillotype
- Hyalotype -1850
- Hydrotype
I
- Inkodye
- Intermediate negative
- InternegativeInternegativeAn internegative is a motion picture film duplicate. It is the color counterpart to an interpositive, in which a low-contrast color image is used as the positive between an original camera negative and a duplicate negative....
- Iron salt process
- Ivorytype -1855
L
- Lambertype
- Leggotype
- LeGrayGustave Le GrayJean-Baptiste Gustave Le Gray has been called "the most important French photographer of the nineteenth century" because of his technical innovations in the still new medium of photography, his role as the teacher of other noted photographers, and the extraordinary imagination he brought to picture...
- Levytype
- Linograph
- LinotypeLinotype machineThe Linotype typesetting machine is a "line casting" machine used in printing. The name of the machine comes from the fact that it produces an entire line of metal type at once, hence a line-o'-type, a significant improvement over manual typesetting....
M
- Mariotype
- Meisenbach process
- Melainotype
- Melanograph
- Metotype
- MordançageMordançageMordançage is an alternative photographic process that alters silver gelatin prints to give them a degraded effect. The mordançage solution works in two ways: it chemically bleaches the print so that it can be redeveloped, and it lifts the black areas of the emulsion away from the paper giving the...
O
- Oil printing process
- OpalotypeOpalotypeOpalotype or opaltype is an early technique of photography. Opalotypes were printed on sheets of opaque, translucent white glass; early opalotypes were sometimes hand-tinted with colors to enhance their effect...
- Ozobrom process
- Ozobrome
- Ozotype
- Ozotype process
P
- Palladiotype, 1914
- Palladium Print
- Palladium processing
- Palladiotype
- Pannotype
- Paper negativePaper negativeThe paper negative process consists of using a negative printed on paper to create the final print of a photograph, as opposed to using a modern negative on a film base of cellulose acetate...
- Paynetype
- Photocollography
- PhotogramPhotogramA photogram is a photographic image made without a camera by placing objects directly onto the surface of a photo-sensitive material such as photographic paper and then exposing it to light. The result is a negative shadow image varying in tone, depending on the transparency of the objects used...
- PhotogravurePhotogravurePhotogravure is an intaglio printmaking or photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive, and then etched, resulting in a high quality intaglio print that can reproduce the detail and continuous tones of a...
- PhotolithographyPhotolithographyPhotolithography is a process used in microfabrication to selectively remove parts of a thin film or the bulk of a substrate. It uses light to transfer a geometric pattern from a photomask to a light-sensitive chemical "photoresist", or simply "resist," on the substrate...
- Photosculpture
- PhototypePhototype*Phototype can refer to a metal printing block, sometimes prepared using photogravure to reproduce a photograph in printing. The block may be a halftone image....
- Photo instrumentationPhoto instrumentationPhoto instrumentation refers to recording information of a diagnostic nature via a photographic process. The information recorded is usually used to determine the motion of a particular object through the camera's field of view...
- PhysautotypePhysautotypeThe physautotype was a photographic process, invented by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce and Louis Daguerre in 1832, in which images were produced with the use of lavender dissolved in alcohol as a photographic agent. This solution, once applied to a silver plate, was then exposed in a camera obscura for...
- Pinatype process
- Platinotype, 1873
- Playertype
- Plumbeotype, developed by John PlumbeJohn PlumbeJohn Plumbe, Jr. was an entrepreneurial photographer, gallerist, publisher, and an early advocate of an American transcontinental railroad in the mid-19th century. He established a franchise of photography studios in the 1840s in the U.S., with additional branches in Paris and Liverpool...
S
- Salt printSalt printThe salt print was the dominant paper-based photographic process for producing positive prints during the period from 1839 through approximately 1860....
- Salted paper
- Self-toning paper
- Sepia
- Sepia paper
- ShellacShellacShellac is a resin secreted by the female lac bug, on trees in the forests of India and Thailand. It is processed and sold as dry flakes , which are dissolved in ethyl alcohol to make liquid shellac, which is used as a brush-on colorant, food glaze and wood finish...
- SiderotypeSiderotypeSiderotype is an iron-based photographic print. The term was coined by Sir John Frederick William Herschel. A short list of processes defined as siderotypes is as follows: amphitype, argentotype, argyrotype, aurotype, breath print, Brown Line, chromatic photo, chrysotype, cyanotype, ferrogallic...
- Silver bromideSilver bromideSilver bromide , a soft, pale-yellow, water insoluble salt well known for its unusual sensitivity to light. This property has allowed silver halides to become the basis of modern photographic materials. AgBr is widely used in photographic films and is believed by some to have been used for making...
- Silver chloride collodion
- Simpsontype
- Sphereotype
- Stannotype
- Sun printingSun printingSun printing may refer to various printing techniques which use sunlight as a developing or fixative agent.-Cyanotype:Cyanotype, also referred to as "blueprinting", is the oldest non-silver photographic printing process. It involves exposing materials which have been treated with a solution of...
W
- Wash-off Relief
- Wax paperWax paperWax paper is a kind of paper that is made moisture proof through the application of wax....
- Wet collodion plateCollodion processThe collodion process is an early photographic process. It was introduced in the 1850s and by the end of that decade it had almost entirely replaced the first practical photographic process, the daguerreotype. During the 1880s the collodion process, in turn, was largely replaced by gelatin dry...
- Wet collodion processCollodion processThe collodion process is an early photographic process. It was introduced in the 1850s and by the end of that decade it had almost entirely replaced the first practical photographic process, the daguerreotype. During the 1880s the collodion process, in turn, was largely replaced by gelatin dry...
- Wet plate processCollodion processThe collodion process is an early photographic process. It was introduced in the 1850s and by the end of that decade it had almost entirely replaced the first practical photographic process, the daguerreotype. During the 1880s the collodion process, in turn, was largely replaced by gelatin dry...
- WoodburytypeWoodburytypeThe term Woodburytype refers to both a photomechanical process and the print produced by this process. The process produces continuous tone images in slight relief. A chromated gelatin film is exposed under a photographic negative, which hardens in proportion to the amount of light. Then it is...
- Wothlytype