List of kings of Macedon
Encyclopedia
Macedon
(also known as Macedonia) was an ancient kingdom
centered on the present-day region of Macedonia
in northern Greece
, inhabited by the Ancient Macedonians
. At various points in its history the kingdom proper encompassed parts of the present-day Republic of Macedonia
, Albania
, Bulgaria
and Turkish Thrace. It emerged as the dominant power in Greece during the 4th century BC, when King Philip II
successfully forced the Greek city-states, such as Athens and Thebes, into the Corinthian League. Philip's son, Alexander the Great, would go on to conquer the Persian Empire a few years later. The Kingdom of Macedon itself soon lost direct control of Alexander's vast Asian territories, but it broadly retained its hegemony over Greece itself until defeated by the Roman Republic
in the Macedonian Wars
. (215 - 148 BC)
Argead Dynasty
Antipatrid Dynasty
Antigonid Dynasty
Antipatrid Dynasty
Antigonid Dynasty
Antigonid Dynasty
After Perseus's defeat at the Battle of Pydna
in 167 BC
, Macedon was divided into four republics under Roman domination. In 150 BC
, a man named Andriscus
claimed to be the son of Perseus, and claimed the throne of Macedon as Philip VI. This led to the Fourth Macedonian War
, in which Andriscus was defeated by the Romans, and Macedon was annexed as a Roman province in 148 BC
.
Macedon
Macedonia or Macedon was an ancient kingdom, centered in the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, bordered by Epirus to the west, Paeonia to the north, the region of Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south....
(also known as Macedonia) was an ancient kingdom
Monarchy
A monarchy is a form of government in which the office of head of state is usually held until death or abdication and is often hereditary and includes a royal house. In some cases, the monarch is elected...
centered on the present-day region of Macedonia
Macedonia (Greece)
Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of Greece in Southern Europe. Macedonia is the largest and second most populous Greek region...
in northern Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
, inhabited by the Ancient Macedonians
Ancient Macedonians
The Macedonians originated from inhabitants of the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, in the alluvial plain around the rivers Haliacmon and lower Axios...
. At various points in its history the kingdom proper encompassed parts of the present-day Republic of Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
, Albania
Albania
Albania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...
, Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
and Turkish Thrace. It emerged as the dominant power in Greece during the 4th century BC, when King Philip II
Philip II of Macedon
Philip II of Macedon "friend" + ἵππος "horse" — transliterated ; 382 – 336 BC), was a king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.-Biography:...
successfully forced the Greek city-states, such as Athens and Thebes, into the Corinthian League. Philip's son, Alexander the Great, would go on to conquer the Persian Empire a few years later. The Kingdom of Macedon itself soon lost direct control of Alexander's vast Asian territories, but it broadly retained its hegemony over Greece itself until defeated by the Roman Republic
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic was the period of the ancient Roman civilization where the government operated as a republic. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, traditionally dated around 508 BC, and its replacement by a government headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and...
in the Macedonian Wars
Macedonian Wars
The Macedonian wars were a series of conflicts fought by Rome in the eastern Mediterranean, the Adriatic, and the Aegean. They resulted in Roman control or influence over the eastern Mediterranean basin, in addition to their hegemony in the western Mediterranean after the Punic wars.-First...
. (215 - 148 BC)
Argead DynastyArgead dynastyThe Argead dynasty was an ancient Greek royal house. They were the ruling dynasty of Macedonia from about 700 to 310 BC. Their tradition, as described in ancient Greek historiography, traced their origins to Argos, in southern Greece...
- Karanus Κάρανος 808-778 BC
- Koinos Κοινός 778-750 BC
- TyrimmasTyrimmas of MacedonTyrimmas was an Argead King of Macedon from about 750 BC to 700 BC.In the "History of The World", Sir Walter Raleigh states that Caranus, leading a colony into Macedon, observed a herd of goats fleeing a storm and followed them to the Gates of Edessa. Being dark, he entered the city un-noticed and...
Τυρίμμας - Perdiccas IPerdiccas I of Macedon.Perdiccas I was king of Macedon from about 700 BC to about 678 BC. Herodotus stated:-References:...
Περδίκκας Αʹ 700-678 BC - Argaeus IArgaeus I of MacedonArgaeus I of Macedon was a king of Macedon of the Argead dynasty from about 678 BC to about 640 BC. He succeeded in the throne his father Perdiccas I. Argaeus left as successor his son Philip I...
Ἀργαῖος Αʹ 678-640 BC - Philip IPhilip I of MacedonPhilip I of Macedon was one of the early kings of Macedon, a kingdom to the north of ancient Greece. He was a member of the Argead dynasty and son of Argaeus I, becoming king in 640 BC upon his father's death.As king, Philip was noted to be both wise and courageous...
Φίλιππος Αʹ 640-602 BC - Aeropus IAeropus I of MacedonAeropus I of Macedon was the son of Philip I, the great-grandson of Perdiccas I, the first king of Macedon, and the father of Alcetas.- Reign :...
Ἀέροπος Αʹ 602-576 BC - Alcetas IAlcetas I of MacedonAlcetas I of Macedon was a son of Aeropus I of Macedon and the 8th king of Μacedon, counting from Karanus, and the 5th, counting from Perdiccas, reigned, according to Eusebius, 29 years...
Ἀλκέτας Αʹ 576-547 BC - Amyntas IAmyntas I of MacedonAmyntas I was a king of Macedon. He was a son of Alcetas I of Macedon and his queen. He married a woman called Eurydice and had a son Alexander....
Ἀμύντας Αʹ 547-498 BC - Alexander IAlexander I of Macedon- Biography :Alexander was the son of Amyntas I and Queen Eurydice.According to Herodotus, he was unfriendly to Persia, and had the envoys of Darius I killed when they arrived at the court of his father during the Ionian Revolt...
Ἀλέξανδρος Αʹ 498-454 BC - Alcetas IIAlcetas II of MacedonAlcetas II was the king of Macedon.- Biography :Alcetas was the eldest son of Alexander I and unknown queen; a grandson of Amyntas I and Eurydice. He became king of Macedon following the death of his father in 454 BC. His brothers were Perdiccas II and Prince Philip. He was known for his alcohol...
Ἀλκέτας Βʹ 454-448 BC - Perdiccas IIPerdiccas II of MacedonPerdiccas II was a king of Macedonia from about 454 BC to about 413 BC. He was the son of Alexander I and had two brothers.-Background:After the death of Alexander in 452, Macedon began to fall apart. Macedonian tribes became almost completely autonomous, and were only loosely allied to the king...
Περδίκκας Βʹ 448-413 BC - ArchelausArchelaus I of MacedonArchelaus I was a king of Macedon from 413 to 399 BC. He was a capable and beneficent ruler, known for the sweeping changes he made in state administration, the military, and commerce. By the time that he died, Archelaus had succeeded in converting Macedon into a significantly stronger power...
Ἀρχέλαος Αʹ 413-399 BC - CraterusCraterus of MacedonCrateuas , also called Craterus, was King of Macedon for four days in 399 BC. He was lover of Archelaus I of Macedon, whom he killed to become a king himself. According to another version, Craterus killed the king, because Archelaus had promised to give him one of his daughters in marriage, but...
Κρατερός 399 BC - OrestesOrestes of MacedonOrestes of Macedon was son of Archelaus and successor king of his murdered father. He reigned between 399-396 BC along with his guardian Aeropus II.-References:*History of the Macedonians Page 43 By Edward Farr 1850...
Ὀρέστης and Aeropus IIAeropus II of MacedonAeropus II of Macedon , king of Macedon, guardian of Orestes, the son of Archelaus, reigned nearly six years from 399 BC....
Ἀέροπος Βʹ 399-396 BC - Archelaus IIArchelaus II of MacedonArchelaus II of Macedon succeeded his father Archelaus I and reigned seven years. He died while out hunting, either by accident or assassination. He was brother of Orestes of Macedon. According to the Chronicon he reigned four years.-References:*History of the World Page 283 By Sir Walter Raleigh,...
Ἀρχέλαος Βʹ 396-393 BC - Amyntas IIAmyntas II of MacedonAmyntas II or Amyntas the Little, king of Macedon, was son of Philip or Menelaus, brother of Perdiccas II. He succeeded his father in his appanage in Upper Macedonia, of which Perdiccas seems to have wished to deprive him, as he had before endeavoured to wrest it from Philip, but had been...
Ἀμύντας Βʹ 393 BC - PausaniasPausanias of MacedonPausanias of Macedon , the son and successor of Aeropus II. He was assassinated in the year of his accession by Amyntas III.-References:*Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology...
Παυσανίας 393 BC - Amyntas IIIAmyntas III of MacedonAmyntas III son of Arrhidaeus and father of Philip II, was king of Macedon in 393 BC, and again from 392 to 370 BC. He was also a paternal grandfather of Alexander the Great....
Ἀμύντας Γʹ 393 BC - Argaeus IIArgaeus II of MacedonArgaeus II of Macedon , was a pretender to the Macedonian crown, who, with the assistance of the Illyrians, expelled King Amyntas III from his dominions in 393 BC and kept possession of the throne for about a year...
Ἀργαῖος Βʹ 393-392 BC - Amyntas IIIAmyntas III of MacedonAmyntas III son of Arrhidaeus and father of Philip II, was king of Macedon in 393 BC, and again from 392 to 370 BC. He was also a paternal grandfather of Alexander the Great....
Ἀμύντας Γʹ 392-370 BC - Alexander IIAlexander II of MacedonAlexander II was king of Macedon from 371 – 369 BC, following the death of his father Amyntas VI. He was the eldest of the three sons of Amyntas and Eurydice....
Ἀλέξανδρος Βʹ 370-368 BC - Perdiccas IIIPerdiccas III of MacedonPerdiccas III was king of Macedonia from 368 to 359 BC, succeeding his brother Alexander II.Son of Amyntas III and Eurydice, he was underage when Alexander II was killed by Ptolemy of Aloros, who then ruled as regent. In 365, Perdiccas killed Ptolemy and assumed government.Of the reign of...
Περδίκκας Γʹ 368-359 BC- Ptolemy of AlorosPtolemy of AlorosPtolemy of Aloros , was sent by King Amyntas III of Macedon as an envoy to Athens c. 375-373 BC. After Amyntas' death, he began a liaison with his widow, Eurydice. In 368, he assassinated her son, his predecessor Alexander II in order to gain control of the throne. This caused a stir in the...
Πτολεμαῖος Αʹ, Regent of Macedon 368-365 BC
- Ptolemy of Aloros
- Amyntas IVAmyntas IV of MacedonAmyntas IV was a titular king of Macedonia in 359 BC and member of the Argead dynasty.- Biography :Amyntas was a son of King Perdiccas III of Macedon. He was born in about 365 BC. After his father's death in 359 BC he became king, but he was only an infant. Philip II of Macedon, Perdiccas'...
Ἀμύντας Δʹ 359-356 BC - Philip IIPhilip II of MacedonPhilip II of Macedon "friend" + ἵππος "horse" — transliterated ; 382 – 336 BC), was a king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.-Biography:...
Φίλιππος Βʹ 359-336 BC - Alexander III, the Great Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας 336-323 BC
- AntipaterAntipaterAntipater was a Macedonian general and a supporter of kings Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. In 320 BC, he became Regent of all of Alexander's Empire. Antipater was one of the sons of a Macedonian nobleman called Iollas or Iolaus and his family were distant collateral relatives to the...
Ἀντίπατρος, Regent of Macedon 334-323 BC
- Antipater
- Philip III ArrhidaeusPhilip III of MacedonPhilip III Arrhidaeus was the king of Macedonia from after June 11, 323 BC until his death. He was a son of King Philip II of Macedonia by Philinna of Larissa, allegedly a Thessalian dancer, and a half-brother of Alexander the Great...
Φίλιππος Γʹ 323-317 BC and Alexander IVAlexander IV of MacedonAlexander IV Aegus was the son of Alexander the Great and Princess Roxana of Bactria.-Birth:...
Ἀλέξανδρος Δʹ 323-310 BC- PerdiccasPerdiccasPerdiccas was one of Alexander the Great's generals. After Alexander's death in 323 BC he became regent of all Alexander's empire.Arrian tells us he was son of Orontes, a descendant of the independent princes of the Macedonian province of Orestis...
Περδίκκας, Regent of the Macedon Empire 323-321 BC - AntipaterAntipaterAntipater was a Macedonian general and a supporter of kings Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. In 320 BC, he became Regent of all of Alexander's Empire. Antipater was one of the sons of a Macedonian nobleman called Iollas or Iolaus and his family were distant collateral relatives to the...
Ἀντίπατρος, Regent of the Macedon Empire 321-319 BC - PolyperchonPolyperchonPolyperchon , son of Simmias from Tymphaia in Epirus, was a Macedonian general who served under Philip II and Alexander the Great, accompanying Alexander throughout his long journeys. After the return to Babylon, Polyperchon was sent back to Macedon with Craterus, but had only reached Cilicia by...
Πολυπέρχων, Regent of the Macedon Empire 319-317 BC - CassanderCassanderCassander , King of Macedonia , was a son of Antipater, and founder of the Antipatrid dynasty...
Κάσανδρος, Regent of Macedon 317-305 BC
- Perdiccas
Antipatrid DynastyAntipatrid dynastyThe Antipatrid dynasty was a Macedonian dynasty founded by Cassander, the son of Antipater, who declared himself King of Macedon in 302 BC. This dynasty did not last long; in 294 BC it was overthrown by the Antigonid dynasty, whose members proved to be more effective rulers.Members of the...
- CassanderCassanderCassander , King of Macedonia , was a son of Antipater, and founder of the Antipatrid dynasty...
Κάσανδρος 305-297 BC - Philip IVPhilip IV of MacedonPhilip IV of Macedon was the son of Cassander. He briefly succeeded his father on the throne of Macedon prior to his death....
Φίλιππος Δʹ 297 BC - Alexander VAlexander V of MacedonAlexander V of Macedon was the third and youngest son of Cassander and Thessalonica of Macedon, who was a half-sister of Alexander the Great. He ruled as King of Macedon along with his brother Antipater from 297 to 294 BC...
Αλέξανδρος Ε' and Antipater IIAntipater II of MacedonAntipater II of Macedon , was the son of Cassander and Thessalonike of Macedon, who was a half-sister of Alexander the Great. He was king of Macedon from 297 BC until 294 BC, jointly with his brother Alexander V. Eventually, he murdered his mother and ousted his brother from the throne...
Αντίπατρος Β' 297-294 BC
Antigonid DynastyAntigonid dynastyThe Antigonid dynasty was a dynasty of Hellenistic kings descended from Alexander the Great's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus .-History:...
- Demetrius I Poliorcetes Δημήτριος ο Πολιορκητής 306-286 BC
Non-Dynastic Kings
- LysimachusLysimachusLysimachus was a Macedonian officer and diadochus of Alexander the Great, who became a basileus in 306 BC, ruling Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedon.-Early Life & Career:...
Λυσίμαχος 286-281 BC and Pyrrhus of EpirusPyrrhus of EpirusPyrrhus or Pyrrhos was a Greek general and statesman of the Hellenistic era. He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house , and later he became king of Epirus and Macedon . He was one of the strongest opponents of early Rome...
Πύρρος της Ηπείρου 286-285 BC - Ptolemy Keraunos Πτολεμαίος Κεραυνός 281-279 BC
- MeleagerMeleager (king)Meleager of Macedon was the brother of Ptolemy Ceraunus and son of Ptolemy I Soter and Eurydice. Meleager ruled in 279 BC for two months until he was compelled by his Macedonian troops to resign his crown.-References:...
Μελέαγρος 279 BC
Antipatrid DynastyAntipatrid dynastyThe Antipatrid dynasty was a Macedonian dynasty founded by Cassander, the son of Antipater, who declared himself King of Macedon in 302 BC. This dynasty did not last long; in 294 BC it was overthrown by the Antigonid dynasty, whose members proved to be more effective rulers.Members of the...
- Antipater EtesiasAntipater EtesiasAntipater Etesias was the son of Cassander's brother Phillip. He became king after the death of Ptolemy Keraunos and the ousting of Meleager. His reign lasted only a period of 45 days. The Macedonians gave Antipater the name Etesias, because the etesian winds blew during the short time that he was...
Ἀντίπατρος Ετησίας 279 BC - SosthenesSosthenes of MacedonSosthenes was a Macedonian and general and may have been a king of the Antipatrid dynasty. During the reign of Lysimachus he was his governor in Asia Minor. Sosthenes was elected King by the Macedonian army, but he may or not have reigned as king. Appointed as Strategos he may have declined the...
Σωσθένης 279-276 BC
Antigonid DynastyAntigonid dynastyThe Antigonid dynasty was a dynasty of Hellenistic kings descended from Alexander the Great's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus .-History:...
- Antigonus II GonatasAntigonus II GonatasAntigonus II Gonatas was a powerful ruler who firmly established the Antigonid dynasty in Macedonia and acquired fame for his victory over the Gauls who had invaded the Balkans.-Birth and family:...
Αντίγονος Β' Γονατάς 276-274 BC
Antigonid DynastyAntigonid dynastyThe Antigonid dynasty was a dynasty of Hellenistic kings descended from Alexander the Great's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus .-History:...
- Antigonus II GonatasAntigonus II GonatasAntigonus II Gonatas was a powerful ruler who firmly established the Antigonid dynasty in Macedonia and acquired fame for his victory over the Gauls who had invaded the Balkans.-Birth and family:...
Αντίγονος Β' Γονατάς 272-239 BC - Demetrius II AetolicusDemetrius II of MacedonDemetrius II Aetolicus son of Antigonus Gonatas and Phila, reigned as king of Macedonia from the winter of 239 to 229 BC. He belonged to the Antigonid dynasty and was born in 275 BC. There is a possibility that his father had already elevated to him to position of power equal to his own before his...
Δημήτριος Β' Αιτωλικός 239-229 BC - Antigonus III Doson Αντίγονος Γ' 229-221 BC
- Philip VPhilip V of MacedonPhilip V was King of Macedon from 221 BC to 179 BC. Philip's reign was principally marked by an unsuccessful struggle with the emerging power of Rome. Philip was attractive and charismatic as a young man...
Φίλιππος Ε' 221-179 BC - PerseusPerseus of MacedonPerseus was the last king of the Antigonid dynasty, who ruled the successor state in Macedon created upon the death of Alexander the Great...
Περσέας 179-167 BC
After Perseus's defeat at the Battle of Pydna
Battle of Pydna
The Battle of Pydna in 168 BC between Rome and the Macedonian Antigonid dynasty saw the further ascendancy of Rome in the Hellenic/Hellenistic world and the end of the Antigonid line of kings, whose power traced back to Alexander the Great.Paul K...
in 167 BC
167 BC
Year 167 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paetus and Pennus...
, Macedon was divided into four republics under Roman domination. In 150 BC
150 BC
Year 150 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flamininus and Balbus...
, a man named Andriscus
Andriscus
Andriscus, and often called the "pseudo-Philip", was the last King of Macedon , and ruler of Adramyttium in Aeolis ....
claimed to be the son of Perseus, and claimed the throne of Macedon as Philip VI. This led to the Fourth Macedonian War
Fourth Macedonian War
The Fourth Macedonian War was the final war between Rome and Macedon. It came about as a result of the pretender Andriscus's usurpation of the Macedonian throne, pretending to be the son of Perseus, the last King of Macedon, deposed by the Romans after the Third Macedonian War in 168 BC...
, in which Andriscus was defeated by the Romans, and Macedon was annexed as a Roman province in 148 BC
148 BC
Year 148 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Magnus and Caesoninus...
.
See also
- List of ancient Macedonians
- Duane A. March, "The Kings of Makedon: 399-369 BC," Historia (Franz Steiner Verlag) vol. 44, No. 3 (1995), 257-282.