List of counts and dukes of Guise
Encyclopedia
Count of Guise and Duke of Guise were titles in the French nobility.
Originally a seigneurie
, Guise
was erected into a countship for René
, younger son of Louis II of Anjou, in 1417.
While disputed by the House of Luxembourg
(1425–1444), it was ultimately retained by the House of Anjou
and its descendants, passing in 1520 into the cadet House of Guise
, headed by Claude of Lorraine
. In 1528, it was elevated to a duchy for him.
This creation became extinct in 1688, and the lands passed to Anne, Pfalzgravine of Simmern
, a great-granddaughter of Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne
(whose mother happened to have first married the 5th Duke of Guise) - although she was not the heiress in primogeniture, that being the Duke of Mantova and Montferrat. The dukedom was recreated for her and her husband Henri Jules de Bourbon-Condé in 1704.
On the extinction of the Bourbon
-Condé family, her descendants, in 1830, the heirs were the House of Orléans
, descendants of Anne's granddaughter's Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon's daughter Louise Henriette de Bourbon, the Duchess of Orleans, and the title of Duke of Guise was used as a courtesy title for members of this family in the nineteenth century, firstly for three sons of Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale, and then for Jean, son of Robert d'Orléans, Duke of Chartres. Jean, Duke of Guise became Orléanist
claimant to the throne of France as Jean III in 1926.
House of Anjou
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg had disputed the countship of Guise, and with the approval of John, Duke of Bedford, English Regent of France, seized the county in 1425.
House of Anjou
The marriage of Charles of Le Maine
, younger brother of René, to Isabelle of Luxembourg, sister of Louis, allowed him to peacefully recover Guise.
House of Armagnac
Charles IV left his lands to the Crown, but Guise was granted to his nephew Louis in 1491.
House of Lorraine
In 1520, the Parlement of Paris conferred the countship of Guise upon Claude of Lorraine
, second son of René II of Lorraine (the grandson of René I of Naples
) and heir to his French possessions. The countship was elevated to a duchy in 1528.
House of Lorraine
Marie did not marry and had no direct heirs. She willed her inheritance to Charles François de Stainville on 8 January 1688. This was undone by the Parlement of Paris at the request of indirect heirs to the estate. One of these heirs was Edward of Pfalz-Simmern
, Count Palatine and his daughter Anne, because she was a great-granddaughter of Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne
through her mother Anna Gonzaga
.
House of Bourbon-Condé
Afterwards, the title was extinghuished and no longer bestowed. It returned to the royal domain
. Louis Henry though left his estate to his godson, Henry of Orléans
. He was bestowed with the personal title of Duke of Guise by Louis-Philippe, King of the French
, his grandfather, in 1847.
House of Bourbon-Orléans
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From here on the title became a courtesy title used by the House of Orléans
.
Originally a seigneurie
Fiefdom
A fee was the central element of feudalism and consisted of heritable lands granted under one of several varieties of feudal tenure by an overlord to a vassal who held it in fealty in return for a form of feudal allegiance and service, usually given by the...
, Guise
Guise
Guise is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France.-Population:-Sights:The ruins of the medieval castle of Guise, seat of the Dukes of Guise, are located in the commune.-Miscellaneous:...
was erected into a countship for René
René I of Naples
René of Anjou , also known as René I of Naples and Good King René , was Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence , Count of Piedmont, Duke of Bar , Duke of Lorraine , King of Naples , titular King of Jerusalem...
, younger son of Louis II of Anjou, in 1417.
While disputed by the House of Luxembourg
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg was a late medieval German dynasty, which between 1308 and 1437 ruled the Holy Roman Empire, twice interrupted by the rivaling House of Wittelsbach.-History:...
(1425–1444), it was ultimately retained by the House of Anjou
House of Anjou
The Angevins, also known as the House of Anjou, were a noble family founded in the early years of the Carolingian Empire. They first emerged as part of the minor feudal nobility, in what would soon be known as the Kingdom of France during the 10th century...
and its descendants, passing in 1520 into the cadet House of Guise
House of Guise
The House of Guise was a French ducal family, partly responsible for the French Wars of Religion.The Guises were Catholic, and Henry Guise wanted to end growing Calvinist influence...
, headed by Claude of Lorraine
Claude, Duke of Guise
Claude de Lorraine, duc de Guise was a French aristocrat and general. He became the first Duke of Guise in 1528....
. In 1528, it was elevated to a duchy for him.
This creation became extinct in 1688, and the lands passed to Anne, Pfalzgravine of Simmern
Simmern
Simmern is a town of 8,000 inhabitants in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, the district seat of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis, and the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde...
, a great-granddaughter of Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne
Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne
Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne , or Charles de Guise, was a French nobleman of the house of Guise and a military leader of the Catholic League, which he headed during the French Wars of Religion, following the assassination of his brothers at Blois in 1588...
(whose mother happened to have first married the 5th Duke of Guise) - although she was not the heiress in primogeniture, that being the Duke of Mantova and Montferrat. The dukedom was recreated for her and her husband Henri Jules de Bourbon-Condé in 1704.
On the extinction of the Bourbon
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
-Condé family, her descendants, in 1830, the heirs were the House of Orléans
House of Orleans
Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France, all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's founder, Hugh Capet. It became a tradition during France's ancien régime for the duchy of Orléans to be granted as an appanage to a younger son of the king...
, descendants of Anne's granddaughter's Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon's daughter Louise Henriette de Bourbon, the Duchess of Orleans, and the title of Duke of Guise was used as a courtesy title for members of this family in the nineteenth century, firstly for three sons of Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale, and then for Jean, son of Robert d'Orléans, Duke of Chartres. Jean, Duke of Guise became Orléanist
Orléanist
The Orléanists were a French right-wing/center-right party which arose out of the French Revolution. It governed France 1830-1848 in the "July Monarchy" of king Louis Philippe. It is generally seen as a transitional period dominated by the bourgeoisie and the conservative Orleanist doctrine in...
claimant to the throne of France as Jean III in 1926.
House of AnjouHouse of AnjouThe Angevins, also known as the House of Anjou, were a noble family founded in the early years of the Carolingian Empire. They first emerged as part of the minor feudal nobility, in what would soon be known as the Kingdom of France during the 10th century...
- René I of NaplesRené I of NaplesRené of Anjou , also known as René I of Naples and Good King René , was Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence , Count of Piedmont, Duke of Bar , Duke of Lorraine , King of Naples , titular King of Jerusalem...
(René) (1417–1425)
House of LuxembourgHouse of LuxembourgThe House of Luxembourg was a late medieval German dynasty, which between 1308 and 1437 ruled the Holy Roman Empire, twice interrupted by the rivaling House of Wittelsbach.-History:...
- John, Count of Ligny (John I) (1425–1440)
- Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-PolLouis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-PolLouis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, of Brienne, de Ligny, and Conversano belonged to the Ligny branch of the House of Luxemburg and was Constable of France....
(Louis I) (1440–1444)
House of AnjouHouse of AnjouThe Angevins, also known as the House of Anjou, were a noble family founded in the early years of the Carolingian Empire. They first emerged as part of the minor feudal nobility, in what would soon be known as the Kingdom of France during the 10th century...
Charles of Le Maine
Charles du Maine was the third son of Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon.In 1434, he married Cobella Ruffo Charles du Maine (Château de Montils-lez-Tours, 1414 – 1472, Neufvy-en-Touraine) was the third son of Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon.In 1434, he married Cobella Ruffo...
, younger brother of René, to Isabelle of Luxembourg, sister of Louis, allowed him to peacefully recover Guise.
- Charles of Le MaineCharles of Le MaineCharles du Maine was the third son of Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon.In 1434, he married Cobella Ruffo Charles du Maine (Château de Montils-lez-Tours, 1414 – 1472, Neufvy-en-Touraine) was the third son of Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon.In 1434, he married Cobella Ruffo...
(Charles I) (1444–1472) - Charles IV, Duke of AnjouCharles IV, Duke of AnjouCharles IV, Duke of Anjou, also Charles of Maine, Count of Le Maine and Guise was the son of the Angevin prince Charles of Le Maine, Count of Maine, who was the youngest son of Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon, Queen of Four Kingdoms.He succeeded his father as Count of Maine, Guise, Mortain...
(Charles II) (1472–1481)
House of ArmagnacHouse of ArmagnacThe House of Armagnac, at the end of the thirteenth century, was not yet powerful enough to play a political role beyond its possessions. The House of Toulouse, which ruled over the large southwest of France, was defeated by the Capetians during the Albigensian Crusade, but local dynasties, like...
- House of Rohan
- Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of NemoursLouis d'Armagnac, Duke of NemoursLouis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours , known for most of his life as the Count of Guise, was the third son of Jacques d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours and Louise of Anjou....
(Louis II) (1491–1503) - Marguerite d'Armagnac, duchesse de Nemours (Marguerite) (d. 1503)
- held by her husband Pierre de Rohan-Gié (Peter) (1503–1504)
- Charlotte d'Armagnac, duchesse de Nemours (Charlotte) (d. 1504)
- held by her husband Charles de Rohan-Gié (Charles III) (1504–1520)
House of LorraineHouse of LorraineThe House of Lorraine, the main and now only remaining line known as Habsburg-Lorraine, is one of the most important and was one of the longest-reigning royal houses in the history of Europe...
Claude, Duke of Guise
Claude de Lorraine, duc de Guise was a French aristocrat and general. He became the first Duke of Guise in 1528....
, second son of René II of Lorraine (the grandson of René I of Naples
René I of Naples
René of Anjou , also known as René I of Naples and Good King René , was Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence , Count of Piedmont, Duke of Bar , Duke of Lorraine , King of Naples , titular King of Jerusalem...
) and heir to his French possessions. The countship was elevated to a duchy in 1528.
- Claude de LorraineClaude, Duke of GuiseClaude de Lorraine, duc de Guise was a French aristocrat and general. He became the first Duke of Guise in 1528....
(Claude) (1520–1528)
House of LorraineHouse of LorraineThe House of Lorraine, the main and now only remaining line known as Habsburg-Lorraine, is one of the most important and was one of the longest-reigning royal houses in the history of Europe...
- Claude, Duke of GuiseClaude, Duke of GuiseClaude de Lorraine, duc de Guise was a French aristocrat and general. He became the first Duke of Guise in 1528....
(1496–1550; s.1528) (Claude) (Father of Mary of GuiseMary of GuiseMary of Guise was a queen consort of Scotland as the second spouse of King James V. She was the mother of Mary, Queen of Scots, and served as regent of Scotland in her daughter's name from 1554 to 1560...
mother of Mary, Queen of Scots) - FrancisFrancis, Duke of GuiseFrancis de Lorraine II, Prince of Joinville, Duke of Guise, Duke of Aumale , called Balafré , was a French soldier and politician.-Early life:...
(1519–1563; s. 1550) - Henry IHenry I, Duke of GuiseHenry I, Prince of Joinville, Duke of Guise, Count of Eu , sometimes called Le Balafré, "the scarred", was the eldest son of Francis, Duke of Guise, and Anna d'Este...
(1550–1588; s. 1563) - CharlesCharles, Duke of GuiseCharles de Lorraine, 4th Duke of Guise was the son of Henry I, Duke of Guise and Catherine of Cleves.-Biography:...
(1571–1640; s. 1588) - Henry IIHenry II, Duke of GuiseHenry II de Lorraine, 5th Duke of Guise was the second son of Charles, Duke of Guise and Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse.-Life:...
(1614–1664; s. 1640) - Louis JosephLouis Joseph, Duke of GuiseLouis Joseph de Lorraine Duke of Guise and Duke of Angoulême, was the only son of Louis, Duke of Joyeuse and Marie Françoise de Valois, the only daughter of the Count of Alès, Governor of Provence and son of Charles de Valois Duke of Angoulême, a bastard of Charles IX of France.-Biography:He was...
(1650–1671; s. 1664) - Francis JosephFrancis Joseph, Duke of GuiseFrançois Joseph de Lorraine , Duke of Guise, Duke of Alençon and Duke of Angoulême, was the only son of Louis Joseph de Lorraine, Duke of Guise and Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans, suo jure duchess of Alençon.-Biography:Born at the Hôtel de Guise in Paris to the daughter of Gaston d'Orléans and the...
(1670–1675 s. 1671), son of - MarieMarie, Duchess of GuiseMarie de Lorraine was the daughter of Charles de Lorraine, Duke of Guise and Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse and the last member of the House of Guise, a branch of the House of Lorraine.-Biography:...
(1615–1688) s.1675)
Marie did not marry and had no direct heirs. She willed her inheritance to Charles François de Stainville on 8 January 1688. This was undone by the Parlement of Paris at the request of indirect heirs to the estate. One of these heirs was Edward of Pfalz-Simmern
Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern
Sir Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern KG was the sixth son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, of the House of Wittelsbach, the "Winter King" of Bohemia, and Elizabeth Stuart....
, Count Palatine and his daughter Anne, because she was a great-granddaughter of Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne
Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne
Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne , or Charles de Guise, was a French nobleman of the house of Guise and a military leader of the Catholic League, which he headed during the French Wars of Religion, following the assassination of his brothers at Blois in 1588...
through her mother Anna Gonzaga
Anna Gonzaga
Anne Gonzaga was a French noblewoman and political hostess of Italian descent. She was by marriage Countess Palatine of Simmern, called "Princess Palatine", as the wife of Edward of the Palatinate, a grandson of King James I of England and an uncle of King George I of Great Britain. She bore...
.
House of Bourbon-CondéHouse of BourbonThe House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
- Anne Henriette of BavariaAnne Henriette of BavariaAnne Henriette of Palatinate-Simmern, in France known as Anne Henriette of Bavaria was a Princess of Palatinate-Simmern by birth and by her marriage in 1663, the Duchess of Enghien and then the Princess of Condé...
(1648–1723) married - Henry III(1643–1709)
- Louis IILouis III, Prince of CondéLouis de Bourbon, , was Prince of Condé for less than a year, following the death of his father Henry III, Prince of Condé in 1709...
(Louis II) (1668–1710) - Louis III Henry (1692–1740)
- Louis IV Joseph (1736–1818)
- Louis V HenryLouis Henry II, Prince of CondéLouis Henri de Bourbon was the Prince of Condé from 1818 to his death.-Life:He was the only son of Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé and his wife, Charlotte de Rohan....
(1756–1830)
Afterwards, the title was extinghuished and no longer bestowed. It returned to the royal domain
Crown lands of France
The crown lands, crown estate, royal domain or domaine royal of France refers to the lands, fiefs and rights directly possessed by the kings of France...
. Louis Henry though left his estate to his godson, Henry of Orléans
Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale
-Bibliophile:He was a noted collector of old manuscripts and books. His library remains at Chantilly.-Death:By his will of the June 3, 1884, however, he had bequeathed to the Institute of France his Chantilly estate, including the Château de Chantilly, with all the art-collection he had collected...
. He was bestowed with the personal title of Duke of Guise by Louis-Philippe, King of the French
Louis-Philippe of France
Louis Philippe I was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the July Monarchy. His father was a duke who supported the French Revolution but was nevertheless guillotined. Louis Philippe fled France as a young man and spent 21 years in exile, including considerable time in the...
, his grandfather, in 1847.
House of Bourbon-OrléansHouse of OrleansOrléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France, all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's founder, Hugh Capet. It became a tradition during France's ancien régime for the duchy of Orléans to be granted as an appanage to a younger son of the king...
House of Orleans
Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France, all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's founder, Hugh Capet. It became a tradition during France's ancien régime for the duchy of Orléans to be granted as an appanage to a younger son of the king...
.
- Henri d'Orléans (1847-1847) son of Henri d'Orléans, duc d'AumaleHenri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale-Bibliophile:He was a noted collector of old manuscripts and books. His library remains at Chantilly.-Death:By his will of the June 3, 1884, however, he had bequeathed to the Institute of France his Chantilly estate, including the Château de Chantilly, with all the art-collection he had collected...
- François Paul d'Orléans (1852-1852) brother of Henri
- François Louis d'Orléans (1854–1872) brother of Henri and François Paul
- Jean d'Orléans (1874–1940) grandson of Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans
See also
- House of GuiseHouse of GuiseThe House of Guise was a French ducal family, partly responsible for the French Wars of Religion.The Guises were Catholic, and Henry Guise wanted to end growing Calvinist influence...
- Countesses and Duchesses of Guise