The Senate of Spain is the upper house

Upper house

An upper house, often called a senate, is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house; a legislature composed of only one house is described as unicameral.- Possible specific characteristics :...

 of Spain

Spain

Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

's parliament

Parliament

A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom. The name is derived from the French , the action of parler : a parlement is a discussion. The term came to mean a meeting at which...

, the . It is made up of 264 members: 208 elected by popular vote, and 56 appointed by the regional legislatures. All senators serve four-year terms, though regional legislatures may recall their appointees at any time.

Spanish Senate was instituted by the Constitution of 1837 under the Regency of Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies

Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies

Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies was Queen consort of Spain and Regent of Spain .-Early years and first marriage:...

. It remained under the regime of the Constitutions of 1845, 1856, 1869 and 1876. It was composed at that latter time of three main categories; Senators by their own right, Senators for life and Senators elected. This chamber was suppressed after the Coup of General Miguel Primo de Rivera

Miguel Primo de Rivera

Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquis of Estella, 22nd Count of Sobremonte, Knight of Calatrava was a Spanish dictator, aristocrat, and a military official who was appointed Prime Minister by the King and who for seven years was a dictator, ending the turno system of alternating...

 in 1923.

Only after the Transicion in 1978 was again re-instituted.

Presidents of the Spanish Senate (1837-1923)

Start year	Final year	Name	Political Party
Reign of Isabella II Isabella II of Spain Isabella II was the only female monarch of Spain in modern times. She came to the throne as an infant, but her succession was disputed by the Carlists, who refused to recognise a female sovereign, leading to the Carlist Wars. After a troubled reign, she was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of...
1837	1840	Jose María Moscoso de Altamira Quiroga, Count of Fontao County of Fontao The County of Fontao is a title of Spanish nobility granted on January 8th of 1840 by the Queen Isabella II to Don José María Moscoso y Quiroga, first President of the Senate of Spain after the creation of this Upper chamber in 1837...
1840	1842	Ildefonso Díez de Rivera, Count of Almodóvar
1842	1843	Álvaro Gómez Becerra
1843	1844	Mauricio Carlos de Onís
1844	1845	Jose María Moscoso de Altamira Quiroga, Count of Fontao County of Fontao The County of Fontao is a title of Spanish nobility granted on January 8th of 1840 by the Queen Isabella II to Don José María Moscoso y Quiroga, first President of the Senate of Spain after the creation of this Upper chamber in 1837...
1845	1846	Manuel Pando y Fernández-Pinedo, Marquess of Miraflores
1846	1847	Manuel de la Pezuela y Ceballos
1847	1851	Manuel Pando y Fernández-Pinedo, Marquess of Miraflores
1851	1852	Manuel de la Pezuela y Ceballos
1852	1853	Manuel Pando y Fernández-Pinedo, Marquess of Miraflores
1853	1853	Joaquín Ezpeleta y Enrile
1853	1854	Manuel de la Pezuela y Ceballos
1858	1865	Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha, Marquess of el Duero
1865	1866	Francisco Serrano Domínguez, Duke of la Torre
1866	1868	Manuel Pando y Fernández-Pinedo, Marquess of Miraflores
Reign of Amadeo I Amadeo I of Spain Amadeo I was the only King of Spain from the House of Savoy...
1871	1872	Francisco Santa Cruz	Constitucional Party
1872	1873	Laureano Figuerola Ballester	Constitucional Party
Reign of Alfonso XII
1876	1882	Manuel García Barzanallana	Liberal Party
1881	1883	José Gutiérrez de la Concha, Marquess of La Habana	Liberal Party
1883	1884	Francisco Serrano Domínguez, Duke of la Torre	Dinastic Left
1884	1885	Francisco Javier Arias Dávila y Matheu	Conservative Party
Reign of Alfonso XIII
1885	1886	Arsenio Martínez-Campos	Liberal Party
1886	1891	José Gutiérrez de la Concha, Marquess of La Habana	Liberal Party
1891	1893	Arsenio Martínez-Campos	Liberal Party
1893	1894	José Gutiérrez de la Concha, Marquess of La Habana	Liberal Party
1894	1896	Eugenio Montero Ríos Eugenio Montero Ríos Eugenio Montero Ríos was a leading member of the Spanish Liberal Party before being part of a 1903 schism that divided it. He also served briefly as Prime Minister. He played a role in the 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War as he was then President of the Senate of Spain.-...	Liberal Party
1896	1898	José Elduayen Gorriti	Conservative Party
1898	1899	Eugenio Montero Ríos Eugenio Montero Ríos Eugenio Montero Ríos was a leading member of the Spanish Liberal Party before being part of a 1903 schism that divided it. He also served briefly as Prime Minister. He played a role in the 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War as he was then President of the Senate of Spain.-...	Liberal Party
1899	1900	Arsenio Martínez-Campos	Liberal Party
1900	1901	Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero	Conservative Party
1901	1903	Eugenio Montero Ríos Eugenio Montero Ríos Eugenio Montero Ríos was a leading member of the Spanish Liberal Party before being part of a 1903 schism that divided it. He also served briefly as Prime Minister. He played a role in the 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War as he was then President of the Senate of Spain.-...	Liberal Party
1903	1905	Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero	Conservative Party
1905	1907	José López Domínguez	Liberal Party
1907	1910	Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero	Conservative Party
1910	1914	Eugenio Montero Ríos Eugenio Montero Ríos Eugenio Montero Ríos was a leading member of the Spanish Liberal Party before being part of a 1903 schism that divided it. He also served briefly as Prime Minister. He played a role in the 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War as he was then President of the Senate of Spain.-...	Liberal Party
1914	1915	Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero	Conservative Party
1915	1916	Joaquín Sánchez de Toca y Calvo	Conservative Party
1916	1918	Manuel García Prieto, Marquess of Alhucemas Manuel García Prieto Manuel García-Prieto, 1st Marquis of Alhucemas was a Spanish politician who was prime minister several times in his life....	Liberal Party
1918	1919	Alejandro Groizard y Gómez de la Serna	Liberal Party
1919	1921	Manuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar	Conservative Party
1921	1923	Joaquín Sánchez de Toca y Calvo	Conservative Party
1923	1923	Álvaro de Figueroa y Torres, Count of Romanones	Liberal Party