List of Khans of the Golden Horde
Encyclopedia
This is an incomplete list of Khans of the White Horde, Blue Horde, Golden Horde
and of the Great Horde
(after 1359 not all rulers are accountable). Khans of the Blue Horde are listed as the main constituent part of the Golden Horde, although many late rulers of the Golden Horde were descended from the White Horde.
This Horde was annexed by Abu'l-Khayr Khan
of the Shaybanids
in 1446.
Some 25 khans succeeded each other in between 1357 and 1379, and multiple Khans ruled all over the Horde from 1362.
Great Horde
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that formed the north-western sector of the Mongol Empire...
and of the Great Horde
Great Horde
- Dissolution of the Golden Horde :The peripheral regions of the Golden Horde broke off as follows: 1438: Kazan Khanate, 1441: Crimean Khanate, 1466: Astrakhan Khanate The remnant, which became known as the Great Horde, was left with the steppe between the Dnieper and Yaik, the capital Sarai and a...
(after 1359 not all rulers are accountable). Khans of the Blue Horde are listed as the main constituent part of the Golden Horde, although many late rulers of the Golden Horde were descended from the White Horde.
Eastern division of the Jochid Ulus
- OrdaOrda KhanOrda Ichen was a Mongol Khan and military strategist who ruled eastern part of the Ulus of Jochi during the 13th century.-First Khan of the Blue Horde:...
(1226–1251) - Qun QuranQun QuranQun-Quran or Qun-Qiran was the khan of Orda's Ulus.According to Jami al-Tawarikh by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, Qun-Quran was the fourth son of Orda, the eldest son of Jochi....
(1251–c.1280) - KochuKöchüKöchü was the Khan of the White Horde between c.1280-1302. He was the eldest son of Sartaqtay and Qujiyan of the Qongirat and a grandson of Orda Khan....
(c.1280–1302) - Buyan (Bayan)Buyan (khan)Bayan was one of most famous khans of White Horde. "Bayan" means "rich" and "buyan" means "good deed/act" in the Mongolian language....
(1302–1309) - SasibuqaSasibuqaSasibuqa was the khan of Orda's Ulus. He was one of Bayan's four sons.The rulers of Orda's Ulus or the Left wing of the Jochid Ulus issued decrees with the name of khan in Sarai, though, they were reigning largely independent. Because he resisted Uzbeg Khan's Islamicization policy, Sasibuqa might...
(1309–1315) - IlbasanIlbasanIlbasan or Erzen was the ruler of Orda's Ulus from 1310/15 to 1320.During his reign, an increase in the cities, trade, and craft occurred in the Horde. After determining the boundaries of his Horde, Ilbasan appointed his deputies. Islam was used as instrument strengthening authority. He died in...
(1315–1320) - Mubarak KhwajaMubarak KhwajaMubarak Khwaja was the khan of White Horde between 1320-1344. He succeeded his brother, Ilbasan, with the assistance of Uzbeg, Khan of the Golden Horde and the House of Batu. However, he declared his independence from Sarai. The Khan sent his son Tini Beg to overthrow him. Thus, he was replaced by...
(1320–1344) - ChimtayChimtayChimtay was a ruler of White Horde between 1344 and 1360.When his son or relative, Urus , urged him to take throne of the Golden Horde, utilizing the great troubles. He refused but sent his brother Ordu Sheykh who was later on killed in the Horde. He died in 1360....
(1344–1374) - UrusUrusAberdeen is a town on the south shore of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Southern District. Aberdeen Harbour is a harbour between Aberdeen and Ap Lei Chau. The name 'Aberdeen' usually covers the areas of Aberdeen, Wong Chuk Hang and Ap Lei Chau, but it is more...
(1374–1376) - ToqtaqiyaToqtaqiyaLittle is known about Toqtaqiya except that he was a son of Urus Khan and was Khan of the White Horde for less than a year. In this time, he defeated his cousin Toqtamish and drove him from Sabran. He died shortly after this victory, just a few months after Urus. Some one said that he had died...
(1376) - Timur-MalikTimur-MalikTimur-Malik, also spelled Temür Malik, was the tenth Khan of the White Horde and a son of Urus Khan. Early in his reign, he invaded the lands of his cousin Toqtamysh and won a string of victories. Finally, Toqtamysh trapped him near Qara-Tal and defeated him...
(1377-1378) - Toqtamish (1378–1395)
- Koiruchik (1395-1399)
- BaraqBaraq (Khan of Golden Horde)Baraq was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1422 to 1427. His father was Koirichak, grandson of Urus Khan who was also descendant of Genghis Khan. He took support from Ulugh Beg, the Timurid khan, and in 1422 he dethroned Kepek, Olugh Mokhammad as well as Dawlat Berdi, khans of the Golden Horde. And...
(1423-1428) - Muhammed (1428-1431)
- Mustafa (1431-1446)
This Horde was annexed by Abu'l-Khayr Khan
Abu'l-Khayr Khan
Abu'l-Khayr Khan was the leader who united the nomadic Uzbek tribes from which the Kazakh khanate later separated in rebellion under Janybek Khan and Kerei Khan beginning in 1466....
of the Shaybanids
Shaybanids
The Shaybanids were a Persianized dynasty of Mongolian origin in central Asia. They were the patrilineal descendants of Shiban, the fifth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. Until the mid-14th century, they acknowledged the authority of the descendants of Batu Khan and Orda Khan, such as...
in 1446.
Western division of the Jochid Ulus
- BatuBatu KhanBatu Khan was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Ulus of Jochi , the sub-khanate of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. His ulus was the chief state of the Golden Horde , which ruled Rus and the Caucasus for around 250 years, after also destroying the armies...
(1242–1255) - Sartaq (1255–1256)
- UlaghchiUlaghchiUlaghchi Khan was the third khan of the Blue Horde and Golden Horde, ruling for less than a year in 1257. It is not clear whether Ulaghchi was the son or the younger brother of Sartaq Khan. Mongke Khan granted him the title of Khan of the Jochid Ulus as soon as Sartaq died...
(1257) - BerkeBerkeBerke Khan was the ruler of the Golden Horde who effectively consolidated the power of the Blue Horde and White Hordes from 1257 to 1266. He succeeded his brother Batu Khan of the Blue Horde and was responsible for the first official establishment of Islam in a khanate of the Mongol Empire...
(1257–1266) - Mengu-TimurMengu-TimurMengu-Timur or Möngke Temür , Son of Toqoqan Khan and Buka Ujin of Oirat and the grandson of Batu Khan. He was a khan of the Golden Horde in 1266-1280.His name literally means "Eternal Iron" in the Mongolian language....
(1266–1280) - Tuda-Mengu (1280–1287), actual ruler was Nogai KhanNogai KhanNogai , also called Isa Nogai, was a general and de facto ruler of the Golden Horde and a great-great-grandson of Genghis Khan. His grandfather was Baul/Teval Khan, the 7th son of Jochi...
- TalabugaTalabugaTalabuga, Tulabuga, Talubuga or Telubuga was the khan of Golden Horde between 1287 and 1291. He was the son of Tartu and great-grandson of Batu Khan.He assumed the power in Golden Horde in 1287 with the help of Nogai Khan, but was dethroned 4 years later by the same, replaced by Tokhta.- European...
(1287–1291), actual ruler was Nogai KhanNogai KhanNogai , also called Isa Nogai, was a general and de facto ruler of the Golden Horde and a great-great-grandson of Genghis Khan. His grandfather was Baul/Teval Khan, the 7th son of Jochi... - Tokhta (1291–1312), actual ruler was Nogai KhanNogai KhanNogai , also called Isa Nogai, was a general and de facto ruler of the Golden Horde and a great-great-grandson of Genghis Khan. His grandfather was Baul/Teval Khan, the 7th son of Jochi...
until 1299 - Öz BegUzbeg KhanSultan Mohammed Öz-Beg, better known as Uzbeg or Ozbeg , was the longest-reigning khan of the Golden Horde, under whose rule the state reached its zenith...
(1313–1341) - Tini BegTini BegTiny Beg, also known as Tinybeg, was the khan of the Golden Horde from 1341 to 1342. He succeeded from his father Ozbeg, and was then followed by his brother Janibeg.Muslim sources calimed that he was the most favored son of Ozbeg....
(1341–1342) - Jani BegJani BegJani Beg was a khan of the Golden Horde from 1342 to 1357, succeeding his father Uzbeg Khan.After putting two of his brothers to death, Jani Beg crowned himself in Saray-Jük. He is known to have actively interfered in the affairs of Russian principalities and of Lithuania...
(1342–1357)
Some 25 khans succeeded each other in between 1357 and 1379, and multiple Khans ruled all over the Horde from 1362.
- Berdi BegBerdi BegBerdi Beg was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1357 till 1359, succeeding his father Jani Beg of whom Berdi Beg may have been behind the poisoning. His reign was marked by turmoil and political murders, and in 1359 he was assassinated by his brother Qulpa, after which the Golden Horde fell apart...
(1357–1359) - QulpaQulpaQulpa was Khan of the Blue Horde from 1359 till 1360, after having deposed his brother Berdi Beg. Ruling for just a year, Qulpa was murdered by another brother in 1360....
(1359–1360) - Nawruz BegNawruz BegNawruz Beg was a son of Jani Beg and Khan of the Blue Horde. He succeeded to the throne after murdering his brother Qulpa, though like his brothers, his reign lasted a year before he himself died; the cause of his death it unknown...
(1360–1361) - Khidr (1361–1362)
- Timur Khwaja (1362)
- Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Tulun Beg Khanum (1370–1373), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
- Mamai KhanMamaiMamai of Borjigin kin, was a powerful military commander of the Blue Horde in the 1370s which is now the Southern Ukrainian Steppes and the Crimean Peninsula....
(1379) - UrusUrusAberdeen is a town on the south shore of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Southern District. Aberdeen Harbour is a harbour between Aberdeen and Ap Lei Chau. The name 'Aberdeen' usually covers the areas of Aberdeen, Wong Chuk Hang and Ap Lei Chau, but it is more...
(1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite.
Post-1381 khans
After Toqtamish had united the White and Blue Hordes in 1379, the number of concurrent rival khans was reduced but their regimes remained unstable:- ToqtamishTokhtamyshTokhtamysh was the prominent khan of the White Horde, who briefly unified the White Horde and Blue Horde subdivisions of the Golden Horde into a single state. He was a descendant of Genghis Khan's eldest grandson, Orda Khan or his brother Tuqa-Timur...
(1379–1395) - Temür QutlughTemur QutlughTemür Qutlugh was a khan of Golden Horde in 1397–1399. He was a son of Timur-Malik, khan of the White Horde, who struggled against Toqtamysh. After the death of Temur Malik in 1379 Qutlugh was reared at Toqtamysh's court. After an unsuccessful revolt against Toqtamysh in 1388, he, along with...
(1396–1401), actual ruler was EdiguEdiguEdigu was a Mongol emir of the White Horde who founded the new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde.... - Shadi BegShadi BegShadi Beg, Khan of the Golden Horde was a son of Timur-Malik.After the death of his brother; Temur Qutlugh, Shadi Beg was enthroned as Khan of the Golden Horde in 1399. The same year, Edigu went to Siberia to exact revenge on Toqtamysh...
(1401–1407), actual ruler was EdiguEdiguEdigu was a Mongol emir of the White Horde who founded the new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde.... - PuladPuladPulad was a Khan of the Golden Horde .Having dethroned his brother, Shadi Beg but was dethroned three years later.- Family :Pulad was a son of Timur-Malik and brother of Shadi Beg and Temur Qutlugh....
(1407–1410), actual ruler was EdiguEdiguEdigu was a Mongol emir of the White Horde who founded the new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde.... - Temür (1410–1412)
- Jalal ad-DinJalal ad-Din khanJalal ad-Din was the khan of the Golden Horde in 1411–1412. He was the son of Tokhtamysh Khan. He is also famous for his written history of the Mongol Empire....
(1412) - Karim Berdi (1412–1414)
- Kebek (1414–1417)
- Jabbar BerdiYeremferdenYeremferden , also known as Jabbar Berdi, was a khan of the Golden Horde from 1417 to 1419. He was one of the sons of Tokhtamysh who struggled for power after their father's death. His reign was marked by relative peace save for occasional struggles with Vytautas against Edigu and what would become...
(1417–1419) - Ulugh Muhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
- Dawlat BerdiDawlat BerdiDawlat Berdi , also known as Devlet Berdi, was a Khan of the Golden Horde who reigned from 1419 to 1421, and again from 1428 to his death in 1432. He was the son of Jabbar Berdi and a descendant of Berke Khan....
(1419–1421) - BaraqBaraq (Khan of Golden Horde)Baraq was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1422 to 1427. His father was Koirichak, grandson of Urus Khan who was also descendant of Genghis Khan. He took support from Ulugh Beg, the Timurid khan, and in 1422 he dethroned Kepek, Olugh Mokhammad as well as Dawlat Berdi, khans of the Golden Horde. And...
(1422–1427) - Sayid Ahmad ISayid Ahmad ISayid Ahmad I was a khan of the Golden Horde from 1427 or 1433 until his death in 1435. Unlike the last five of six khans, Ahmad was not a descendant of Tokhtamysh but Timur-Malik, a cousin of Tokhtamysh.-Breakup of the Horde:...
(1433–1435)
Great HordeGreat Horde- Dissolution of the Golden Horde :The peripheral regions of the Golden Horde broke off as follows: 1438: Kazan Khanate, 1441: Crimean Khanate, 1466: Astrakhan Khanate The remnant, which became known as the Great Horde, was left with the steppe between the Dnieper and Yaik, the capital Sarai and a...
- Küchük Muhammad (1435–1459)
- MahmudMaxmud of AstrakhanKhan Mäxmüd of Astrakhan was one of Kuchuk Muhammed's sons and a Genghisid who founded the Khanate of Astrakhan in the 1460s.After years of struggle for the throne of the Great Horde against Akhmat Khan, he escaped to Xacitarxan, establishing the independent Khanate of Astrakhan there...
(1459–1465) - AhmadAkhmat KhanAkhmat Khan was a khan of the Great Horde between 1465 and 1481.In 1465, Akhmat seized power in the Horde by rising against his brother Maxmud of Astrakhan, who had been its ruler since 1459. In 1472, Akhmat entered into alliance with the Polish king Casimir IV against Ivan III...
(1465–1481) - Shaykh Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
- Sayid Ahmad II (1481–?)
- Murtada (1481–1499)