List of Cape Town suburbs
Encyclopedia
This is a list of suburb
Suburb
The word suburb mostly refers to a residential area, either existing as part of a city or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city . Some suburbs have a degree of administrative autonomy, and most have lower population density than inner city neighborhoods...

s in the city of Cape Town
Cape Town
Cape Town is the second-most populous city in South Africa, and the provincial capital and primate city of the Western Cape. As the seat of the National Parliament, it is also the legislative capital of the country. It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality...

, in South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

.

Each suburb is followed by its postcode
Postal code
A postal code is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail. Once postal codes were introduced, other applications became possible.In February 2005, 117 of the 190 member countries of the Universal Postal Union had postal code systems...

. The first code is for street deliveries, the second, where applicable, refers to PO boxes. Some suburbs share the same postcode.

In South Africa, the term "suburb" does not necessarily mean "residential area on the edge of a city"; rather, it is used synonymously with neighbourhood
Neighbourhood
A neighbourhood or neighborhood is a geographically localised community within a larger city, town or suburb. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with considerable face-to-face interaction among members. "Researchers have not agreed on an exact definition...

 to refer to the smallest geographical subdivision of the city.

City Bowl
City Bowl
The City Bowl is a part of Cape Town in South Africa. It is a natural amphitheatre-shaped area bordered by Table Bay and defined by the mountains of Signal Hill, Lion's Head, Table Mountain and Devil's Peak....

Suburb Street Code Postal Code
Bo-Kaap
Bo-Kaap
The Bo-Kaap is an area of Cape Town, South Africa formerly known as the Malay Quarter. It is quintessentially a Township, situated on the slopes of Signal Hill above the city centre and is an historical centre of Cape Malay culture in Cape Town...

 (Malay Quater)
8001
Devil's Peak  8001
De Waterkant
De Waterkant, Cape Town
De Waterkant is a sub-district of the suburb of Green Point. This is the area that is closest to the central business district on the south eastern end of Somerset Road. This is a very sought after address for young professionals, the upper class gay and lesbian community and niche restaurants and...

 
8001
Foreshore  8001
Gardens
Gardens, Cape Town
Gardens is an inner-city suburb of Cape Town located just to the south of the city centre located in the higher elevations of the "City Bowl". It is located directly beneath Table Mountain and Lion's Head. It is an affluent neighbourhood populated mostly by young professionals and contains...

 
8001
Higgovale
Higgovale, Cape Town
-Geography:Higgovale situated just below Camps Bay Drive and is bordered by the suburb of Camps Bay to the west and Oranjezicht to the east with Lions Head to its imitate north west....

 
8001
Lower Vrede (District Six) 8001
Oranjezicht
Oranjezicht, Cape Town
Oranjezicht is a suburb in Cape Town, South Africa, built on the site of the old Oranjezicht farm, which used to stretch at least as far as the Mount Nelson Hotel and supplied the Castle of Good Hope with fresh produce...

 
8001
Salt River
Salt River, Cape Town
Salt River is a mainly industrial suburb of Cape Town located near Table Bay to the east of the city. It is named after a river of the same name, this being a continuation of the Black River. The name Salt River is a translation of the Dutch "Soutrivier"...

 
7925
Schotse Kloof (Malay Quater) 8001
Tamboerskloof
Tamboerskloof
Tamboerskloof is a neighbourhood of Cape Town, South Africa. It lies on the slopes of Lion's Head and Signal Hill, adjacent to the neighbourhoods of Gardens and Bo-Kaap...

 
8001
University Estate
University Estate, Cape Town
University Estate is a mainly residential suburb of Cape Town located at the foot of Devil's Peak to the east of the city. University Estate has the postcode 7925.-Relation to other suburbs:...

 
8001
Vredehoek
Vredehoek, Cape Town
Vredehoek is a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa located in the City Bowl, on the slopes of Table Mountain, between Devil's Peak and Oranjezicht. The suburb was proclaimed after the first world war and expatriates from many European countries settled here after peace was declared...

 
8001
Walmer Estate (District Six) 7925
Woodstock (including Upper Woodstock) 7925
Zonnebloem (Distirct Six) 7925

Northern Suburbs

  • Bellville
    Bellville, Cape Town
    Bellville is a former city in the Western Cape province of South Africa; it is now part of the greater Cape Town metropolitan area. It falls within the area of the City of Cape Town municipality....

     7530
  • Bothasig 7441, 7406
  • Brackenfell
    Brackenfell, Cape Town
    Brackenfell is a northern suburb of Cape Town situated within the Western Cape province of South Africa at the gateway to the winelands. The local government services are provided by the City of Cape Town Municipality...

     7560
  • Brooklyn 7405
  • Durbanville
    Durbanville, Cape Town
    Durbanville is a former town in the Western Cape province of South Africa, it now forms part of the greater City of Cape Town metropolitan area. Durbanville is a rural residential suburb on the northern outskirts of the metropolis and is surrounded by farms producing wine and...

     7550, 7551
  • Edgemead
    Edgemead, Cape Town
    Edgemead is one of the northern suburbs of Cape Town. It is one of several garden cities of South Africa, the first being Pinelands in the southern suburbs. Edgemead is mainly residential, and as the name 'garden city' suggests, is noted for its trees, gardens and generally pleasant environment...

     7441, 7407
  • Elsie's River 7490
  • Goodwood
    Goodwood, Cape Town
    Goodwood is a suburb situated between the northern and southern suburbs of Cape Town, South Africa. It is 10 kilometres from the city centre and accessible from the N1, N7 and N2 highways....

     7460, 7459
  • Kensington 7405
  • Kraaifontein 7570, 7572
  • Kuils River 7579, 7580
  • Maitland 7405, 7404
  • Monte Vista
    Monte Vista, Cape Town
    Monte Vista is a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, whose name meaning 'Mountain View' is derived from the fact that Table Mountain is clearly visible from it. Bordered by Edgemead, Welgelegen, Plattekloof Glen, and Goodwood. Monte Vista Primary School was built in the 1960s....

     7460, 7463
  • Panorama
    Panorama, Cape Town
    -References:...

     7500, 7506
  • Parow 7500, 7499
  • Thornton 7460, 7485
  • Table View 7441

Atlantic Seaboard

  • Bantry Bay
    Bantry Bay, Cape Town
    Bantry Bay is an affluent suburb of Cape Town situated on the slopes of Lion's Head and overlooking a rocky coastline, Western Cape Province, South Africa. It was originally called Botany Bay after a botanical garden that was planted here for the cultivation of medicinal herbs...

     8005
  • Camps Bay
    Camps Bay
    Camps Bay is an affluent suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. In summer it attracts a large number of foreign visitors as well as South Africans looking for a beach holiday. It is renowned for its white sandy beaches fringed by palm trees and has a trendy nightlife.-History:The first residents of...

     8005, 8040
  • Clifton
    Clifton, Cape Town
    Clifton is an affluent suburb of Cape Town, South Africa.It is an exclusive residential area and is home to some of the most expensive real estate in South Africa, with dwellings nestled on cliffs that have sweeping views of the Atlantic Ocean....

      8005
  • Fresnaye 8005
  • Green Point
    Green Point, Cape Town
    Green Point is a neighbourhood of Cape Town, South Africa located to the north west of the central business district. It a popular residential area for young professionals and for the Cape Town gay and lesbian community. Many new mid-rise apartment and mixed-use developments have gone up in recent...

     8005, 8051
  • Hout Bay
    Hout Bay
    Hout Bay is the name of a coastal suburb of Cape Town, South Africa with a mix of neighbourhoods from the very rich to the very poor. It lies in a valley on the Atlantic Seaboard of the Cape Peninsula and is twenty kilometres south of the Central Business District of Cape Town...

     7806, 7872
  • Imizamo Yethu
    Imizamo Yethu
    Imizamo Yethu , is an informal settlement in the greater Hout Bay Valley area.The 18 hectare settlement houses approximately 33 600 people with little or no infrastructure for sustainable living....

     7806
  • Llandudno
    Llandudno, Cape Town
    Llandudno is a residential suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, on the Atlantic seaboard of the Cape Peninsula. There are no shops or commercial activities, and the suburb has some of the most expensive residential property in South Africa...

     7806
  • Mouille Point
    Mouille Point, Cape Town
    Mouille Point is an affluent suburb of Cape Town, situated between the V&A Waterfront to the North, Sea Point to the South and Green Point to the east. The suburb hugs the coastline, and consists primarily of high-end apartment blocks....

     8005
  • Sea Point
    Sea Point
    Sea Point is one of Cape Town's most affluent and densely populated suburbs, situated between Signal Hill and the Atlantic Ocean, a few kilometres to the west of Cape Town's Central Business District . Moving from Sea Point to the CBD, one passes through first the small suburb of Three Anchor Bay,...

     8005, 8060
  • Three Anchor Bay 8005

Southern Suburbs
Southern Suburbs, Cape Town
The Southern Suburbs are a group of suburbs in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. This group includes Rondebosch, Claremont, Plumstead, Ottery, Wynberg, Newlands, Constantia and Bishopscourt, and to some aspects Pinelands and Observatory too....

  • Bergvliet
    Bergvliet
    Bergvliet is a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. Bergvliet, which means " Mountain Streamlet " in Afrikaans, is bordered by Retreat, Meadowridge, Kreupelbosch, Tokai, and Heathfield....

     7945, 7864
  • Bishopscourt
    Bishopscourt, Cape Town
    Bishopscourt is a small, wealthy, residential suburb in the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town in the Western Cape, South Africa. It is part of the Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality, created in 2000, which includes the greater Cape Town area. It has approximately 350 houses most of which reside on...

     7708
  • Claremont
    Claremont, Cape Town
    Claremont is a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. It is situated six miles south of the city, and is one of the so-called "Southern Suburbs". It is an important commercial and residential area, which is currently experiencing significant growth and development.-History:Until the arrival of Dutch...

     7708, 7735
  • Constantia
    Constantia, Cape Town
    Constantia is an affluent suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, situated about 15 kilometres south of the centre of Cape Town. The Constantia Valley lies to the east of and at the foot of the Constantiaberg mountain. Constantia Nek is a low pass linking to Hout Bay in the west.-History:Constantia is...

     7806, 7848
  • Diep River
    Diep River, Cape Town
    Diep River is a suburb in Cape Town, South Africa. The suburb is named after the Diep River or Dieprivier in Afrikaans, that runs through the area.-Geography:...

     7945
  • Heathfield
    Heathfield, Cape Town
    -Geography:Heathfield is bordered by Retreat to the south and Diep River to the north. Heathfield railway station is on the main line from Cape Town to Simon's Town. Main Road runs along the west of Heathfield....

     7945
  • Kenilworth
    Kenilworth, Cape Town
    - Geography :Kenilworth is bordered by Wynberg to the south and Claremont to the north. Kenilworth railway station is on the main line from Cape Town to Simon's Town...

     7708, 7745
  • Mowbray
    Mowbray, Cape Town
    Mowbray is one of the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town, South Africa. Its original name was Driekoppen .-Geography:Mowbray is bounded on the west by the M3 freeway, beyond which lies Devil's Peak, and on the north by the N2 freeway, beyond which lies the suburb of Observatory...

     7700, 7705
  • Newlands
    Newlands, Cape Town
    Newlands is an upmarket suburb of Cape Town, South Africa.It is located at the foot of Table Mountain in the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town, and is the wettest suburb in South Africa due to its high winter rainfall...

     7700, 7725
  • Observatory
    Observatory, Cape Town
    Observatory is a suburb in Cape Town, South Africa, bordered by Mowbray to the south, and Salt River to the north. The area is best known as student neighborhood, most of whom attend the University of Cape Town located close by, and for being the home of the South African Astronomical Observatory...

     7925, 7935
  • Pinelands
    Pinelands, Cape Town
    The "garden city" suburb of Pinelands is located on the edge of the southern suburbs of Cape Town in South Africa and is known for its large thatched houses. The suburb is primarily residential and is often praised for its peacefulness and abundance of trees...

     7405, 7430
  • Plumstead
    Plumstead, Cape Town
    Plumstead is a suburb in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, situated on the western margin of the Cape Flats, within the municipality of the City of Cape Town- History :...

     7800, 7801
  • Retreat
    Retreat, Cape Town
    -Geography:Retreat is bordered by Lavender Hill to the south and Heathfield to the north. Retreat railway station is on the main line from Cape Town to Simon's Town. Main Road runs along the west of Retreat....

     7945, 7965
  • Rondebosch
    Rondebosch
    Rondebosch is one of the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town, South Africa. It is primarily a residential suburb, with a medium-size shopping area, a small business district as well as the main campus of the University of Cape Town.-History:...

     7700, 7701
  • Rondebosch East
    Rondebosch East
    Rondebosch East is a residential suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, about south-west of the city centre. As the name suggests, it is located to the east of the neighbouring suburb of Rondebosch...

  • Rosebank
    Rosebank, Cape Town
    Rosebank is one of the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town, South Africa, located between the suburbs of Mowbray and Rondebosch.-Geography:Rosebank is located on the lower eastern slope of Devil's Peak, stretching down to the Liesbeeck River, and on the other side of the river up to the edge of...

     7700
  • Steenberg 7945
  • Tokai
    Tokai, Cape Town
    Tokai, a large residential suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, is situated on the foothills of the Constantiaberg, and is bordered by, Steenberg and Kirstenhof to the South, Bergvliet to the East, Constantia to the North and the SAFCOL pine tree plantations against the mountain to the...

     7945, 7966
  • Wynberg
    Wynberg, Cape Town
    Wynberg is a southern suburb of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape, South Africa. It is situated between Plumstead and Kenilworth, and is a main transport hub for the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town.- Geography :...

     7800, 7824

South Peninsula

The South Peninsula is generally regarded as the area south of Muizenberg on the Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and...

 and Noordhoek
Noordhoek, Cape Town
Noordhoek is a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, located below Chapman's Peak on the west coast of the Cape Peninsula, approximately thirty-five kilometres to the south of the city itself. The name "Noordhoek" was taken from Dutch and literally means "north corner"...

 on the Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...

, all the way to Cape Point
Cape Point
Cape Point is a promontory at the southeast corner of the Cape Peninsula, which is a mountainous and scenic landform that runs north-south for about thirty kilometres at the extreme southwestern tip of the African continent in the Republic of South Africa. Table Mountain and the city of Cape Town...

. Until recently quite rural, the population of the area is growing quickly as new coastal developments proliferate and larger plots are subdivided to provide more compact housing.
  • Capri Village
    Capri Village, Cape Town
    Capri Village is a suburb in Cape Town, South Africa, situated between Kommetjie, Fish Hoek and Noordhoek....

     7975
  • Clovelly 7975
  • Fish Hoek
    Fish Hoek, Cape Town
    Fish Hoek is a coastal town at the eastern end of the Fish Hoek Valley on the False Bay side of the Cape Peninsula in Cape Town, South Africa. Previously a separate municipality, Fish Hoek is now part of the City of Cape Town. As a coastal suburb of Cape Town, Fish Hoek is popular as a residence...

     7975, 7974
  • Glencairn
    Glencairn, Cape Town
    Glencairn is a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. It is situated about 4 km north of Simonstown, on the shore of False Bay. The Glencairn Wetland conserves the lower Else River....

     7975
  • Kalk Bay
    Kalk Bay
    Kalk Bay is a fishing village on the coast of False Bay, South Africa and is now a suburb of greater Cape Town. It lies in a beautiful setting, wedged between the ocean and sharply rising mountainous heights that are buttressed by crags of grey sandstone...

     7975, 7990
  • Kommetjie 7975, 7976
  • Lakeside 7945, 7946
  • Marina da Gama 7945
  • Masiphumelele
    Masiphumelele, Cape Town
    Masiphumelele is a township in Cape Town, South Africa, situated between Kommetjie, Capri Village and Noordhoek.Initially known as Site 5, the township was renamed Masiphumelele by its residents, which is a Xhosa word meaning "We will succeed"....

     7975
  • Muizenberg
    Muizenberg
    Muizenberg is a beach-side suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. It is situated where the shore of the Cape Peninsula curves round to the east on the False Bay coast...

     7945, 7950
  • Noordhoek
    Noordhoek, Cape Town
    Noordhoek is a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, located below Chapman's Peak on the west coast of the Cape Peninsula, approximately thirty-five kilometres to the south of the city itself. The name "Noordhoek" was taken from Dutch and literally means "north corner"...

     (PO boxes only) 7979
  • Ocean View
    Ocean View, Cape Town
    Ocean View, Cape Town, was established in 1968 as a township for coloured people who had been forcibly removed from so called "white areas" such as Simon's Town, Noordhoek, Red Hill, Glencairn etc. by the former apartheid government under the Group Areas Act. It was first called Slangkop and the...

     7975
  • Scarborough (PO boxes only) 7975
  • Simon's Town
    Simon's Town
    Simon's Town , sometimes spelled Simonstown; is a town in South Africa, near Cape Town which is home to the South African Navy. It is located on the shores of False Bay, on the eastern side of the Cape Peninsula. For more than two centuries it has been an important naval base and harbour...

     7975, 7995
  • St James
    St James, Cape Town
    St James is a suburb of Cape Town, situated on the False Bay coast between Muizenberg and Kalk Bay....

     7945, 7946
  • Sunnydale 7975
  • Sun Valley 7975, 7985

Cape Flats
Cape Flats
The Cape Flats is an expansive, low-lying, flat area situated to the southeast of the central business district of Cape Town. To many people in Cape Town, the area is known simply as 'The Flats'....

  • Athlone
    Athlone, Cape Town
    Athlone is a suburb of Cape Town located to the east of the city centre on the Cape Flats to the south of the N2 highway. It is named after Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone who was Governor-General of the Union of South Africa from 1924 to 1930...

     7764, 7760
  • Belhar 7493, 7507
  • Bishop Lavis
  • Blue Downs
  • Bonteheuwel 7764
  • Crawford
    Crawford, Cape Town
    Crawford is a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, located to the East of the City Centre on the Cape Flats to the South of the N2 highway. The suburb is surrounded by the suburbs of Lansdowne, Rondebosch East, Athlone, Belthorn Estate, Rylands, and Belgravia...

     7780, 7770
  • Delft
    Delft, Cape Town
    Delft is a township on the outskirts of Cape Town, South Africa. It is situated next to the Cape Town International Airport, Belhar, Blue Downs & Site C, Khayelitsha. It is known for its high crime rate, substandard schools, lack of jobs, and numerous government built housing projects such as the...

     7100
  • Electric City
  • Elsie's River 7490
  • Epping 7460
  • Grassy Park
    Grassy Park, Cape Town
    Grassy Park is a suburb in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, situated on the Cape Flats in the City of Cape Town.- History :Grassy Park began to develop in the early 1900s on part of the Montagu's Gift estate north of Zeekoevlei. At that time, the area was rural, under the administration...

     7941, 7888
  • Gugulethu
  • Hanover Park
  • Kalksteenfontein 7490
  • Khayelitsha
    Khayelitsha
    Khayelitsha is a partially informal township in Western Cape, South Africa, located on the Cape Flats in the City of Cape Town. The name is Xhosa for New Home...

     7784, 7783
  • Langa
    Langa, Cape Town
    Langa is a suburb found in Cape Town, South Africa. It was established in 1927 interms of the 1923 Urban Areas Act. Similar to Nyanga, Langa is one of the many areas in South Africa that were designated for Black Africans before the apartheid era. It is the oldest of such suburbs in Cape Town and...

     7455, 7456
  • Lansdowne
    Lansdowne, Cape Town
    Lansdowne is a suburb in Cape Town, South Africa. It is part of the area Cape Flats, and is situated 10 kilometres SouthEast of Cape Town City Centre, between the two neighbour towns Rondebosch East and Crawford. Lansdowne is served by a railway station of the same name, on the Cape Flats...

     7780, 7779
  • Lavender Hill
    Lavender Hill
    Lavender Hill is a hill near Clapham Junction in South London, England. The street name Lavender Hill is a continuation of St John's Hill and forms the section of the A3036 as it rises eastwards out of the Falconbrook valley at Clapham Junction, and retains that name for approximately 1.5 km...

  • Lotus River 7941, 7805
  • Macassar
  • Manenberg
    Manenberg, Cape Town
    Manenberg is a township of Cape Town South Africa that was created by the apartheid government for low income Coloured families in the Cape Flats. It has an estimated population of 70 000 residents...

  • Mitchell's Plain
    Mitchell's Plain
    Mitchells Plain is a largely coloured township about 20 km from the city of Cape Town. It is one of South Africa's largest townships. It is located on the Cape Flats on the False Bay coast between Strandfontein and Khayelitsha...

     7785, 7789
  • Nyanga
    Nyanga, Cape Town
    Nyanga is a township in Cape Town, South Africa. Its name in Xhosa means ‘moon’ and it is one of the oldest black townships in Cape Town. It was established as a result of the migrant labor system. In the early fifties black migrants were forced to settle in Nyanga as Langa became too small. ...

     7750, 7755
  • Ottery
    Ottery, Cape Town
    Ottery is a suburb in Cape Town, South Africa. It is on the edge of the Southern Suburbs. The Youngsfield Military Base, Royal Cape Golf Club and Cape Town's 'official' China Town are located in the suburb...

     7800, 7808
  • Pellican Park
  • Philippi
    Philippi, Cape Town
    Philippi is one of the larger townships in Cape Town, South Africa, although the exact size is unknown. Some estimates put the population at about 150,000 people.The township is relatively new. Along with Khayelitsha and Delft, it was founded in the 1980s.....

     7750
  • Samora Micheal7785
  • Strandfontein7798
  • Wetton

Helderberg
Helderberg
Helderberg is a wine-producing area in the Western Cape of South Africa.Originally known as the 'Hottentots-Holland' area, it was renamed 'Helderberg' by the City of Cape Town following concerns about possible racist connotations in the name...

  • Gordon's Bay
    Gordon's Bay
    Gordon's Bay is a harbour town in the Western Cape province of South Africa, close to Strand. It is situated on the northeastern corner of False Bay about 50 km from Cape Town to the south of the N2 national road and is named after Robert Jacob Gordon , the Dutch explorer of Scottish descent...

     7140
  • Somerset West 7130, 7129
  • Strand 7140, 7139

West Coast

  • Bloubergstrand
    Bloubergstrand, Cape Town
    Bloubergstrand is in the locality of Cape Town along the shores of Table Bay, about 25 km to the north of Cape Town city centre. Its name Bloubergstrand in Afrikaans literally means "blue mountain beach" derived from Blaauwberg, a nearby mountain. Bloubergstrand is mainly residential and attracts...

     7441
  • Milnerton
    Milnerton, Cape Town
    Milnerton is a suburb of Cape Town in South Africa situated on the Atlantic Ocean 11 kilometres to the north of Cape Town city's centre.The Milnerton area of Cape Town includes Cambridge Estate, Century City, Du Noon, Joe Slovo Park, Lagoon Beach, Milnerton Ridge, Royal Ascot, Sanddrift, Tygerhof...

     7441, 7435
  • Tableview
    Tableview, Cape Town
    Tableview or Table View is a west coast suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, named after its view of Table Mountain. It has expanded rapidly since the 1970s and has extensions such as Flamingo Vlei, Sunridge, West Riding and Killarney.-See also:*Table View High School...

     7441, 7439
  • West Beach 7441
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK