Linker of activated T cells
Encyclopedia
Linker of Activated T cells, also known as LAT, is a protein
which in humans is encoded by the LAT gene
. Alternative splicing
results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
protein tyrosine kinase
s following activation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR
) signal transduction pathway. This transmembrane protein localizes to lipid raft
s (also known as glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains or GEMs) and acts as a docking site for SH2 domain
-containing proteins. Upon phosphorylation
, this protein recruits multiple adaptor proteins and downstream signaling molecules into multimolecular signaling complexes located near the site of TCR engagement.
of 36–38 kDa
(pp. 36–38) rapidly phosphorylated
on tyrosine
residues following TCR
ligation. Cloning of the gene
revealed that the protein
product is a type III (leaderless) transmembrane protein of 262 aminoacids (long form) or 233 aminoacids (short form) in humans, 242 aminoacids in mouse, and 241 aminoacids in rat.
with SHB
, PLCG1
, GRAP2
, ZAP-70
, GRAP
, Grb2
, PIK3R1
, ITK
, MAP4K1
and VAV1
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
which in humans is encoded by the LAT gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
. Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing is a process by which the exons of the RNA produced by transcription of a gene are reconnected in multiple ways during RNA splicing...
results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated by ZAP70/SYKSyk
Spleen tyrosine kinase, also known as Syk, is an enyzme which in humans is encoded by the SYK gene.- Function :SYK, along with Zap-70, is a member of the Syk family of tyrosine kinases...
protein tyrosine kinase
Tyrosine kinase
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions....
s following activation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR
T cell receptor
The T cell receptor or TCR is a molecule found on the surface of T lymphocytes that is responsible for recognizing antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules...
) signal transduction pathway. This transmembrane protein localizes to lipid raft
Lipid raft
The plasma membrane of cells is made of a combination of glycosphingolipids and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein microdomains termed lipid rafts...
s (also known as glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains or GEMs) and acts as a docking site for SH2 domain
SH2 domain
The SH2 domain is a structurally conserved protein domain contained within the Src oncoprotein and in many other intracellular signal-transducing proteins...
-containing proteins. Upon phosphorylation
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation activates or deactivates many protein enzymes....
, this protein recruits multiple adaptor proteins and downstream signaling molecules into multimolecular signaling complexes located near the site of TCR engagement.
Discovery
LAT was described in the early 1990s as a phosphoproteinPhosphoprotein
Phosphoproteins are proteins that are physically bonded to a substance containing phosphoric acid . This category of organic molecules includes Fc receptors, Ulks, Calcineurins, K chips, and urocortins....
of 36–38 kDa
KDA
KDA may refer to:* Karachi Development Authority* Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace* Kotelawala Defence Academy* Kramer Design Associates* Lithium diisopropylamide, KDA is the potassium analogue of lithium diisopropylamideOr kDa may refer to:...
(pp. 36–38) rapidly phosphorylated
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation activates or deactivates many protein enzymes....
on tyrosine
Tyrosine
Tyrosine or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, is one of the 22 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. Its codons are UAC and UAU. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group...
residues following TCR
TCR
TCR can mean:*Time Code Reading, a method of accounting for video or film footage and frames in media editing*T cell receptor*Tobacco Control Research*Toronto Civic Railways...
ligation. Cloning of the gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
revealed that the protein
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
product is a type III (leaderless) transmembrane protein of 262 aminoacids (long form) or 233 aminoacids (short form) in humans, 242 aminoacids in mouse, and 241 aminoacids in rat.
Interactions
Linker of activated T cells has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with SHB
SHB (gene)
SH2 domain-containing adapter protein B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHB gene.-Interactions:SHB has been shown to interact with Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, Src, Linker of activated T cells, Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2, ZAP-70, EPS8, PIK3R1 and VAV1.-Further reading:...
, PLCG1
PLCG1
Phospholipase C, gamma 1, also known as PLCG1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLCG1 gene.-Function:The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate...
, GRAP2
GRAP2
GRB2-related adapter protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRAP2 gene.-Interactions:GRAP2 has been shown to interact with CD28, STAMBP, CCNDBP1, Linker of activated T cells, Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 and MAP4K1....
, ZAP-70
ZAP-70
ZAP-70 is an abbreviation for Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 . The protein is a member in the protein-tyrosine kinase family...
, GRAP
GRAP
GRB2-related adapter protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRAP gene.This gene encodes a member of the GRB2/Sem5 /Drk family. This member functions as a cytoplasmic signaling protein which contains an SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domains...
, Grb2
Grb2
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 also known as Grb2 is an adaptor protein involved in signal transduction/cell communication. In humans, the GRB2 protein is encoded by the GRB2 gene....
, PIK3R1
PIK3R1
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIK3R1 gene.-Interactions:PIK3R1 has been shown to interact with EPH receptor A2, KHDRBS1, Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2, Janus kinase 2, GAB2, CD117, BCAR1, CD28, SHB, EZR, PIK3CD, GAB1, HRAS,...
, ITK
ITK (gene)
IL2-inducible T-cell kinase, also known as ITK, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITK gene.- Function :This gene encodes an intracellular tyrosine kinase expressed in T-cells...
, MAP4K1
MAP4K1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1 is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the MAP4K1 gene.. It is also known as HPK1 .-Interactions:...
and VAV1
VAV1
Proto-oncogene vav is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAV1 gene.-Interactions:VAV1 has been shown to interact with Ku70, PLCG1, Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2, Janus kinase 2, SIAH2, S100B, Abl gene, ARHGDIB, SHB, PIK3R1, PRKCQ, Grb2, MAPK1, Syk, Linker of activated T cells, Cbl gene and...
.