PLCG1
Encyclopedia
Phospholipase C, gamma 1, also known as PLCG1, is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the PLCG1 gene
.
and diacylglycerol
from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
. This reaction uses calcium as a cofactor and plays an important role in the intracellular transduction of receptor-mediated tyrosine kinase
activators. For example, when activated by SRC
, the encoded protein causes the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor
RASGRP1
to translocate to the Golgi apparatus
, where it activates Ras. Also, this protein has been shown to be a major substrate for heparin-binding growth factor 1 (acidic fibroblast growth factor)-activated tyrosine kinase. The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPmu (PTPRM
) is capable of dephosphorylating PLCG1. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
with:
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the PLCG1 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphateInositol triphosphate
Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate , together with diacylglycerol , is a secondary messenger molecule used in signal transduction and lipid signaling in biological cells. While DAG stays inside the membrane, IP3 is soluble and diffuses through the cell...
and diacylglycerol
Diglyceride
A diglyceride, or a diacylglycerol , is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages....
from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or PtdInsP2, also known simply as PIP2, is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes...
. This reaction uses calcium as a cofactor and plays an important role in the intracellular transduction of receptor-mediated tyrosine kinase
Tyrosine kinase
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions....
activators. For example, when activated by SRC
Src (gene)
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SRC gene.Src is a proto-oncogene encoding a tyrosine kinase originally discovered by J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus, for which they won the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It belongs to a...
, the encoded protein causes the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors activate monomeric GTPases by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate . A variety of unrelated structural domains have been shown to exhibit guanine nucleotide exchange activity...
RASGRP1
RASGRP1
RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RASGRP1 gene.- Function :RAS guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein is a member of a family of genes characterized by the presence of a Ras superfamily guanine nucleotide exchange factor domain...
to translocate to the Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It was identified in 1898 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi, after whom the Golgi apparatus is named....
, where it activates Ras. Also, this protein has been shown to be a major substrate for heparin-binding growth factor 1 (acidic fibroblast growth factor)-activated tyrosine kinase. The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPmu (PTPRM
PTPRM
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRM gene.- Function :The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family. Protein tyrosine phosphatases are protein enzymes that remove phosphate moieties from tyrosine...
) is capable of dephosphorylating PLCG1. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Clinical significance
Researchers studying PLCg1 and its role in breast cancer metastasis discovered this gene can promote cancer metastasis and subsequently blocking it stopped cancer from spreading. Research is ongoing but this gene could lead to the development of new anti-cancer drugs.Interactions
PLCG1 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with:
- KHDRBS1KHDRBS1KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transduction-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KHDRBS1 gene.-Further reading:...
- TrkATrkAHigh affinity nerve growth factor receptor also known as neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 or TRK1-transforming tyrosine kinase protein or Trk-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK1 gene....
- BAG3BAG3BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAG3 gene.BAG gene has been implicated in age related neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's. It has been demonstrated that BAG1 and BAG 3 regulate the proteasomal and lysosomal protein elimination...
- Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 , also known as LCP2 or SLP-76, is a gene that encodes a signal-transducing adaptor protein.-Interactions:...
- RHOARHOARas homolog gene family, member A is a small GTPase protein known to regulate the actin cytoskeleton in the formation of stress fibers. In humans, it is encoded by the gene RHOA....
- CD117CD117Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor also known as proto-oncogene c-Kit or tyrosine-protein kinase Kit or CD117 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIT gene...
- CD31CD31Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule also known as cluster of differentiation 31 is a protein that in human is encoded by the PECAM1 gene found on chromosome 17...
- ITKITK (gene)IL2-inducible T-cell kinase, also known as ITK, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITK gene.- Function :This gene encodes an intracellular tyrosine kinase expressed in T-cells...
- PLD2PLD2Phospholipase D2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD2 gene.-Interactions:PLD2 has been shown to interact with BIN1, Amphiphysin, Aldolase A, PLCG1, ARF1, Src, PRKCD, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ,Caveolin 1,and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein.-Inhibitors:* N--2-naphthamide:...
- GIT1GIT1ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GIT1 gene.GIT1 contains an ARFGAP domain, Anykrin repeats, and a GRK-interacting domain. The Arf-GAP domain, which enables it to act as a GTPase activating protein for the Arf family of GTPases, has been shown to be...
- GAB1GAB1GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GAB1 gene.-Interactions:GAB1 has been shown to interact with Grb2, PIK3R1, PTPN11, CRKL, PLCG1 and MAP3K3.-Further reading:...
- TUBTUB (gene)Tubby protein homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUB gene.-Interactions:TUB has been shown to interact with PLCG1.-Further reading:...
- FLT1FLT1Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLT1 gene.-Interactions:FLT1 has been shown to interact with PLCG1 and Vascular endothelial growth factor B.-Further reading:...
- Grb2Grb2Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 also known as Grb2 is an adaptor protein involved in signal transduction/cell communication. In humans, the GRB2 protein is encoded by the GRB2 gene....
- IRS2IRS2Insulin receptor substrate 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS2 gene.. Mice lacking IRS2 have a diabetic phenotype as well as a 40% reduction in brain mass.-Interactions:...
- VAV1VAV1Proto-oncogene vav is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAV1 gene.-Interactions:VAV1 has been shown to interact with Ku70, PLCG1, Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2, Janus kinase 2, SIAH2, S100B, Abl gene, ARHGDIB, SHB, PIK3R1, PRKCQ, Grb2, MAPK1, Syk, Linker of activated T cells, Cbl gene and...
- HER2/neuHER2/neuHER-2 also known as proto-oncogene Neu, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, CD340 or p185 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ERBB2 gene. Over expression of this gene is correlated with higher aggressiveness in breast cancers...
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteinWiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteinThe Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Protein is a 502-amino acid protein that is expressed in cells of the hematopoietic system. In the inactive state, WASp exists in an auto-inhibited conformation with sequences near its C-terminus binding to a region near its N-terminus...
- Epidermal growth factor receptorEpidermal growth factor receptorThe epidermal growth factor receptor is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family of extracellular protein ligands...
- PDGFRAPDGFRAAlpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDGFRA gene.-Interactions:PDGFRA has been shown to interact with PDGFRB, PLCG1, Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3 regulator 1, Cbl gene, CRK, Caveolin 1 and PDGFC.-Further reading:...
- Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1
- Linker of activated T cellsLinker of activated T cellsLinker of Activated T cells, also known as LAT, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LAT gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.-Function:...
- TrkBTrkBTrkB receptor also known as TrkB tyrosine kinase or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK2 gene.-Function:...
- Cbl geneCbl geneCbl is a mammalian gene encoding several proteins including E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL involved in cell signalling and protein ubiquitination...
- SOS1SOS1Son of sevenless homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOS1 gene.Recent studies also show that mutations in Sos1 can cause Noonan syndrome and hereditary gingival fibromatosis type 1. Noonan syndrome has also been shown to be caused by mutations in KRAS and PTPN11 genes...
- PTPmu (PTPRMPTPRMReceptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRM gene.- Function :The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family. Protein tyrosine phosphatases are protein enzymes that remove phosphate moieties from tyrosine...
)