Li Zhaolin
Encyclopedia
Li Zhaolin 李兆麟 known earlier as Li Chaolan 李超兰, was the founder and leader of the 3rd Route Army, a division of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army
in the Second Sino-Japanese War
.
Li was born in Liaoyang
county, Liaoning
Province, Manchuria
. After the Mukden Incident
, he joined the Anti-Japanese National Salvation movement in Beijing. He later returned to organize his hometown volunteers against Japan. In May 1932 Li joined the Youth League and in the fall of 1932 he joined the Communist Party of China
and was engaged in to the Benxi
coal mine labor movement.
In December 1932 with the Japanese defeating the Anti Japanese Volunteer Armies
Lu came to Harbin to direct the military actions of the local party organization. By November 1933, Li went to Zhuhe
county to lead its guerrilla forces as deputy commander and political officer under Zhao Shangzhi
. By the 6th of June 1934 he became director of the Political Department of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army
, and director of the General Political Department of the anti-Japanese forces in northern Manchuria. In the next few years with Zhao Shangzhi
and Li Yanlu
made coordinated raids and attacked and occupied Linkou
for a time, and founded the Tangyuan
guerrilla base in the lower Songhua River. In May 1939, Li assumed the command of the 3rd Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army. He then carried out guerrilla war in the Songnen Plain against the Japanese, and overran Nehe
, Keshan
, Zhaoyuan
and other counties.
By the end of 1940, the resistance forces were in an extremely difficulty situation and had suffered serious setbacks. By November 1941 Li was forced to withdraw into the Soviet Union
and for the rest of the war cooperated with Soviet Red Army. In 1945 he returned to Manchuria with the liberating Soviet army. He became the vice commander of the Harbin Garrison Headquarters, and party secretary of the Songhua-jiang zone, vice president of Binjiang province, chairman of Sino-Soviet Friendship Association. On March 9, 1946 Li was killed in Harbin by Kuomintang
agents. To commemorate him, Harbin changed the name the Lam Kam Road Park to Zhaolin Park. He has a large memorial tomb, depicted on the stamps issued by the North East People's Post on 9th March 1948 to commemorated the second anniversary of his death.
Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army
The Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army was an anti-Japanese guerrilla army in the Northeast part of China after the occupation of Manchuria by Japan in 1931. It was organized by the Manchuria branches of the Chinese Communist Party . However, it lost direct contact with the CCP headquarter in...
in the Second Sino-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
.
Li was born in Liaoyang
Liaoyang
Liaoyang is a city in China, Liaoning province, located in the middle of the Liaodong Peninsula. The city is situated on the T'ai-tzu River and forms with Anshan a built up area of 2,057,200 inhabitants in 2010....
county, Liaoning
Liaoning
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"...
Province, Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
. After the Mukden Incident
Mukden Incident
The Mukden Incident, also known as the Manchurian Incident, was a staged event that was engineered by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for invading the northern part of China known as Manchuria in 1931....
, he joined the Anti-Japanese National Salvation movement in Beijing. He later returned to organize his hometown volunteers against Japan. In May 1932 Li joined the Youth League and in the fall of 1932 he joined the Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
and was engaged in to the Benxi
Benxi
Benxi is a prefecture-level city located in the east of Liaoning province in Northeast China, south-southeast of Shenyang. Its population is 1,709,538 at the 2010 census whom 959,610 in the built up area It was founded as a metallurgical center in 1915...
coal mine labor movement.
In December 1932 with the Japanese defeating the Anti Japanese Volunteer Armies
Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies
After the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and until 1933, large volunteer armies waged war against Japanese and Manchukuo forces over much of Northeast China....
Lu came to Harbin to direct the military actions of the local party organization. By November 1933, Li went to Zhuhe
Shangzhi
Shangzhi is a county-level city located in the southeast of Heilongjiang province, China. It is 127 kilometres away from the provincial capital Harbin and has an area of approximately 9,000 square kilometres. The town has a population of around 120,000 and the whole county has approximately...
county to lead its guerrilla forces as deputy commander and political officer under Zhao Shangzhi
Zhao Shangzhi
Zhao Shangzhi was born in Chaoyang, Liaoning Province, China. He participated in the "May 30 Movement movement" in 1925, and joined the Communist Party of China in the same year. In November 1925, he went to study in the Whampoa Military Academy in Guangzhou.After September 18, 1932 he took the...
. By the 6th of June 1934 he became director of the Political Department of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army
Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army
The Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army was an anti-Japanese guerrilla army in the Northeast part of China after the occupation of Manchuria by Japan in 1931. It was organized by the Manchuria branches of the Chinese Communist Party . However, it lost direct contact with the CCP headquarter in...
, and director of the General Political Department of the anti-Japanese forces in northern Manchuria. In the next few years with Zhao Shangzhi
Zhao Shangzhi
Zhao Shangzhi was born in Chaoyang, Liaoning Province, China. He participated in the "May 30 Movement movement" in 1925, and joined the Communist Party of China in the same year. In November 1925, he went to study in the Whampoa Military Academy in Guangzhou.After September 18, 1932 he took the...
and Li Yanlu
Li Yanlu
Li Yanlu, 李延禄, , soldier, communist, and leader of anti-Japanese forces in Manchuria. Li was born in Yenchi, Kirin Province in April 1895. He became involved in the opposition to Yuan Shikai's attempt to restore the monarchy...
made coordinated raids and attacked and occupied Linkou
Linkou
-Mainland China:*Linkou County , of Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang*Linkou, Linkou County , town and county seat of Linkou County, Heilongjiang*Linkou, Bijie City , town in Guizhou-Taiwan:*Linkou District , rural district of New Taipei...
for a time, and founded the Tangyuan
Tangyuan
Tāngyuán is a Chinese food made from glutinous rice flour. Glutinous rice flour is mixed with a small amount of water to form balls and is then cooked and served in boiling water. Tangyuan can be either small or large, and filled or unfilled...
guerrilla base in the lower Songhua River. In May 1939, Li assumed the command of the 3rd Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army. He then carried out guerrilla war in the Songnen Plain against the Japanese, and overran Nehe
Nehe, Heilongjiang
Nehe is a county-level city of western Heilongjiang in Northeast China, It is located near the border with Inner Mongolia to the west and is under the administration of Qiqihar City, to the north-northeast.-External links:*...
, Keshan
Keshan
Keshan County is a county in Heilongjiang, China, about 100 km northeast of Qiqihar. It is named from a city-shaped extinct volcano, which has a name of Erkeshan in its territory. Its total area is , with a population of 460,000. Post Code: 161610. The government of Keshan county is located in...
, Zhaoyuan
Zhaoyuan
Zhaoyuan may refer to two county-level divisions of the People's Republic of China:*Zhaoyuan, Shandong , county-level city of Yantai, Shandong*Zhaoyuan County , of Daqing, Heilongjiang...
and other counties.
By the end of 1940, the resistance forces were in an extremely difficulty situation and had suffered serious setbacks. By November 1941 Li was forced to withdraw into the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
and for the rest of the war cooperated with Soviet Red Army. In 1945 he returned to Manchuria with the liberating Soviet army. He became the vice commander of the Harbin Garrison Headquarters, and party secretary of the Songhua-jiang zone, vice president of Binjiang province, chairman of Sino-Soviet Friendship Association. On March 9, 1946 Li was killed in Harbin by Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
agents. To commemorate him, Harbin changed the name the Lam Kam Road Park to Zhaolin Park. He has a large memorial tomb, depicted on the stamps issued by the North East People's Post on 9th March 1948 to commemorated the second anniversary of his death.
External links
- Li Zhaolin in Chinese, with photo