Li Fuchun
Encyclopedia
Li Fuchun (May 22, 1900-January 9, 1975) was a politician of the Communist Party of China
and the People's Republic of China
.
to attend a work-study program and here he started his political activity. Fascinated by Marxism
, in 1921 he joined the Socialist Youth of China and, in 1922, the Communist Party of China
. The following year he married Cai Chang, Cai Hesen
's sister. In 1925 he went to study in the Soviet Union
, but he returned in China
to take part at the Northern Expedition, serving as head of the political division of the National Revolutionary Army
's 2nd Army and acting CPC secretary of Jiangxi Province. It was in this period that he met Mao Zedong
, working with him at the Peasant Movement Training Institute.
Li Fuchun took part at all the Communist Party's major campaigns, including the Long March
, during which he was vice-director of the General Political Department of the Red Army
and political commissar. He later served as secretary of the CPC Committee for Shaanxi
–Gansu
–Ningxia
. During the Second Sino-Japanese War
, he held a number of jobs, including deputy head of the CPC Central Organization Department
, head of the CPC Central Economic and Financial Department, and director of the General Office
. In 1945 he was elected member of the CPC Central Committee
.
During the 1945–1949 Liberation War (the final showdown between Communists and Nationalists), he had an important role in ruling Northern China, serving simultaneously as secretary of the CPC Manchuria
Sub-Bureau, standing committee member and deputy secretary of the CPC Northeast Bureau, vice-chairman of the Northeast People's Government and deputy political commissar of the Northeast Military Region.
With the establishment of the People's Republic of China
, both Li Fuchun and Cai Chang were transferred to Beijing
. While she served as chairwoman of the All-China Women's Federation
(a post she held until 1978), Li Fuchun was appointed deputy head of the Central Economic and Financial Commission under Chen Yun
and Minister of Heavy Industry. In 1954 he was promoted to vice-premier
and chairman of the State Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, with the task of overseeing socialist economy planning in China. In 1956 he was also appointed member of the CPC Politburo
, and co-opted in the CPC Secretariat in 1958.
At the start of the Cultural Revolution
, during a reshuffle of the Party's central authority at the 11th Plenary Session of the 8th CPC Central Committee in August 1966, Li Fuchun was elected to the top Politburo Standing Committee
. However, he started to manifest his intolerance towards the course of the Cultural Revolution. During a "general report conference of the Centre’s political work" in October 1966, Mao Zedong said of him: "Li Fuchun has been asked to rest for a year. Even I do not know who is in charge of the Planning Commission. Fuchun respects the Party discipline. He told some things to the Secretariat which were not reported to me." Later, in February 1967 he openly attacked the Cultural Revolution during a meeting along with other top leaders like Chen Yi
, Li Xiannian
and Nie Rongzhen
; as a result, they were branded as the "February adverse current" and thoroughly criticized as revisionists.
Despite being part of the "February adverse current", Li Fuchun was elected to the 9th CPC Central Committee
in 1969. After the fall of Lin Biao
in 1971, Mao Zedong declared that the "February adverse current" was a closed chapter, and so Li Fuchun was completely rehabilitated. He was elected to the 10th CPC Central Committee
in 1973 and also to the 4th National People's Congress
in 1974, but he could not attend it as he died on January 9, 1975, just 4 days before its first session. He is still regarded as one of the main founders of China's socialist economy.
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Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
and the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
.
Biography
Li Fuchun was born in Changsha, Hunan Province. After completing middle school in his home province, in 1919 he traveled to FranceFrance
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
to attend a work-study program and here he started his political activity. Fascinated by Marxism
Marxism
Marxism is an economic and sociopolitical worldview and method of socioeconomic inquiry that centers upon a materialist interpretation of history, a dialectical view of social change, and an analysis and critique of the development of capitalism. Marxism was pioneered in the early to mid 19th...
, in 1921 he joined the Socialist Youth of China and, in 1922, the Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
. The following year he married Cai Chang, Cai Hesen
Cai Hesen
Cai Hesen was an early leader of the Chinese Communist Party, and a friend and comrade-in-arms of Mao Zedong. His courtesy name was Run Huan , and he was also known as He Xian , Zhe Ying , and Lin Bin...
's sister. In 1925 he went to study in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, but he returned in China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
to take part at the Northern Expedition, serving as head of the political division of the National Revolutionary Army
National Revolutionary Army
The National Revolutionary Army , pre-1928 sometimes shortened to 革命軍 or Revolutionary Army and between 1928-1947 as 國軍 or National Army was the Military Arm of the Kuomintang from 1925 until 1947, as well as the national army of the Republic of China during the KMT's period of party rule...
's 2nd Army and acting CPC secretary of Jiangxi Province. It was in this period that he met Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
, working with him at the Peasant Movement Training Institute.
Li Fuchun took part at all the Communist Party's major campaigns, including the Long March
Long March
The Long March was a massive military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south...
, during which he was vice-director of the General Political Department of the Red Army
General Political Department
General Political Department is the chief political organ under Central Military Commission of CPC. It leads all political activities in the People's Liberation Army....
and political commissar. He later served as secretary of the CPC Committee for Shaanxi
Shaanxi
' is a province in the central part of Mainland China, and it includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River in addition to the Qinling Mountains across the southern part of this province...
–Gansu
Gansu
' is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu plateaus, and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south, and Shaanxi to the east...
–Ningxia
Ningxia
Ningxia, formerly transliterated as Ningsia, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Located in Northwest China, on the Loess Plateau, the Yellow River flows through this vast area of land. The Great Wall of China runs along its northeastern boundary...
. During the Second Sino-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
, he held a number of jobs, including deputy head of the CPC Central Organization Department
Organization Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee
The Organization Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee is a department of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China Central Committee that controls staffing positions within the CPC....
, head of the CPC Central Economic and Financial Department, and director of the General Office
General Office of the Communist Party of China
The General Office of the Communist Party of China , full name General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is an office directly under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in charge of technical and logistic affairs.The General Office is generally in...
. In 1945 he was elected member of the CPC Central Committee
Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is the highest authority within the Communist Party of China. Its approximately 350 members and alternates are selected once every five years by the National Party Congress....
.
During the 1945–1949 Liberation War (the final showdown between Communists and Nationalists), he had an important role in ruling Northern China, serving simultaneously as secretary of the CPC Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
Sub-Bureau, standing committee member and deputy secretary of the CPC Northeast Bureau, vice-chairman of the Northeast People's Government and deputy political commissar of the Northeast Military Region.
With the establishment of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
, both Li Fuchun and Cai Chang were transferred to Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
. While she served as chairwoman of the All-China Women's Federation
All-China Women's Federation
The All-China Women's Federation is an organization of women established in China in March 1949. It was constructed as a mass organization supported by the Communist Party of China, and based on Marxist theory...
(a post she held until 1978), Li Fuchun was appointed deputy head of the Central Economic and Financial Commission under Chen Yun
Chen Yun
Chen Yun was one of the most influential leaders of the People's Republic of China during the 1980s and 90s, and one of the top leaders of the Communist Party of China for almost its entire history. He was also known as Liao Chengyun ; it's unclear whether this was his original name or a pseudonym...
and Minister of Heavy Industry. In 1954 he was promoted to vice-premier
Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China
The Vice Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China is a high-ranking executive assistant to the Premier. There is a First-ranking Vice Premier , sometimes called Executive Vice Premier wrongly by the non-official media. It is an informal title and takes over duties of the...
and chairman of the State Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, with the task of overseeing socialist economy planning in China. In 1956 he was also appointed member of the CPC Politburo
Politburo of the Communist Party of China
The Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China or Political bureau of the CPC Central Committee , formerly as Central Bureau before 1927, is a group of 24 people who oversee the Communist Party of China...
, and co-opted in the CPC Secretariat in 1958.
At the start of the Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution , was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976...
, during a reshuffle of the Party's central authority at the 11th Plenary Session of the 8th CPC Central Committee in August 1966, Li Fuchun was elected to the top Politburo Standing Committee
Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China
The Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Communist Party of China, whose membership varies between 5 and 9 people. The inner workings of the PSC are not well known, although it is believed that decisions of the PSC are...
. However, he started to manifest his intolerance towards the course of the Cultural Revolution. During a "general report conference of the Centre’s political work" in October 1966, Mao Zedong said of him: "Li Fuchun has been asked to rest for a year. Even I do not know who is in charge of the Planning Commission. Fuchun respects the Party discipline. He told some things to the Secretariat which were not reported to me." Later, in February 1967 he openly attacked the Cultural Revolution during a meeting along with other top leaders like Chen Yi
Chen Yi (communist)
Chen Yi was a Chinese communist military commander and politician. He served as the 2nd Mayor of Shanghai and the 2nd Foreign Minister of China.-Biography:Chen was born in Lezhi, near Chengdu, Sichuan, into a moderately wealthy magistrate's family....
, Li Xiannian
Li Xianniàn
Li Xiannian was President of the People's Republic of China between 1983 and 1988 and then chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference until his death. He was an influential political figure throughout the PRC, having been a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of...
and Nie Rongzhen
Nie Rongzhen
Nie Rongzhen was a prominent Chinese Communist military leader, and one of ten Marshals in the People's Liberation Army of China. He was the last surviving PLA officer with the rank of Marshal.-Biography:...
; as a result, they were branded as the "February adverse current" and thoroughly criticized as revisionists.
Despite being part of the "February adverse current", Li Fuchun was elected to the 9th CPC Central Committee
9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
The 9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was in session from 1969 to 1973. It held two plenary sessions in the 4-year period.It elected the 9th Politburo of the Communist Party of China in 1969....
in 1969. After the fall of Lin Biao
Lin Biao
Lin Biao was a major Chinese Communist military leader who was pivotal in the communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, especially in Northeastern China...
in 1971, Mao Zedong declared that the "February adverse current" was a closed chapter, and so Li Fuchun was completely rehabilitated. He was elected to the 10th CPC Central Committee
10th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
The 10th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was in session from 1973 to 1977. It held three plenary sessions in the 4-year period.It elected the 10th Politburo of the Communist Party of China in 1973.*Chairman: Mao Zedong...
in 1973 and also to the 4th National People's Congress
4th National People's Congress
The 4th National People's Congress was in session from 1975 to 1978. It held only one plenary sessions in January 1975. There were 2864 deputies to this Congress.The Congress passed the 1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China....
in 1974, but he could not attend it as he died on January 9, 1975, just 4 days before its first session. He is still regarded as one of the main founders of China's socialist economy.
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