Laura M. Cobb
Encyclopedia
Laura Mae Cobb was a member of the United States Navy Nurse Corps
who served during World War II
. She received numerous decorations for her actions during the defense of Manila and her 37 months as a POW of the Japanese, during which she continued to serve as Chief Nurse for ten other imprisoned Navy nurses—some of the "Angels of Bataan
." She retired from the Nurse Corps
as a Lieutenant Commander in 1947.
on May 11, 1892, and moved with her family to Mulvane, Kansas
(near Wichita) the following year. She graduated from Mulvane High School in 1910, taught school for a time, entered the nursing training program at Wesley Hospital in Wichita in 1915, and graduated from that program in 1918.
at the end of World War I), and then worked in civilian hospitals in Iowa and Michigan for three years. She rejoined the Navy in April 1924 and served in naval hospitals throughout the US in the 1920s and 1930s. After serving for more than a decade in a naval hospital in Washington DC, rumors of war prompted her to request "to go overseas because someone had to go." She was subsequently transferred to the naval hospital on Guam
in April 1940, where she received a commendation for "continuous duty for forty-eight hours, during which she repeatedly risked life and limb in her efforts to insure the safety and comfort of the patients..." during the typhoon of November 3, 1940.
in February 1941, where she was again assigned—now as Chief Nurse—to the Canacao Naval Hospital in Manila (located next to the Cavite Navy Yard). When the Japanese attacked the Cavite Navy Yard on December 10, 1941, Cobb and ten other navy nurses remained with the wounded in Manila until the US Military there surrendered to the Japanese on January 2, 1942. Cobb's quiet, professional manner was reassuring to the other nurses and apparently respected by the Japanese. When ordered by their captors to inventory medical supplies, Cobb instructed the nurses to mislabel valuable quinine as mere soda bicarbonate to preserve the quinine for the treatment of malaria patients.
in July 1942.
In May 1943 the navy nurses volunteered to help establish a new internment camp at Los Baños
. Cobb again hid all their military records under her blouse, wearing a lei around her neck to help conceal them. The nurses created a makeshift hospital and the camp began receiving more civilian prisoners, including children afflicted with measles, chicken pox, and diphtheria. Through the rest of 1943 and all of 1944 camp conditions progressively worsened, with the nurses working 12 hour shifts and treating as many as 200 patients a day for diseases such as beriberi, dysentery, and tuberculosis. The navy nurses at Los Baños eventually came to be known as "the sacred eleven."
During their last three months of captivity, the internees, including the nurses, were fed less than 900 calories a day. Their diet was ultimately diminished to 250 to 300 grams of unhusked rice per day, of which Cobb later said: "We got so we didn't especially mind the weevils, but the cockroaches and worms made eating tough going much of the time." Finally, the internees and all eleven of the navy nurses, including Cobb, were liberated by a combination of U.S. Army Airborne
and Filipino guerilla forces in the Raid at Los Baños
on February 23, 1945.
Upon evacuation to Guam, Cobb, who had lost 35 pounds during her captivity, said: "I want to return to the Philippines...." The nurses were nevertheless returned to the United States, where Cobb was promoted to Lieutenant Commander
and awarded the Bronze Star, a Gold Star in lieu of a second Bronze Star, the Defense of Philippines Ribbon, a Distinguished Army Unit Citation, and the Asiatic-Pacific Theater Ribbon with two Battle Stars.
The Wightman family of Evansville, Indiana, also imprisoned at Los Baños, later said of the navy nurses: "We are absolutely certain that had it not been for these nurses many of us who are alive and well would have died." Nurse Mary Rose Harrington later said of her experience: "I was young and in good health but I do thank the good Lord and my Chief Nurse, Laura Cobb for surviving as well as I did."
Maj. Maude C. Davison, the Army Chief Nurse at Corregidor and Santo Tomas, was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Medal
on August 20, 2001. A similar effort has not yet been undertaken for Chief Nurse Laura M. Cobb.
United States Navy Nurse Corps
The United States Navy Nurse Corps was officially established by Congress in 1908; however, unofficially, women had been working as nurses aboard Navy ships and in Navy hospitals for nearly 100 years.-Pre-1908:...
who served during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. She received numerous decorations for her actions during the defense of Manila and her 37 months as a POW of the Japanese, during which she continued to serve as Chief Nurse for ten other imprisoned Navy nurses—some of the "Angels of Bataan
Angels of Bataan
The Angels of Bataan were the members of the United States Army Nurse Corps and the United States Navy Nurse Corps who were stationed in the Philippines at the outset of the Pacific War and served during the Battle of the Philippines...
." She retired from the Nurse Corps
United States Navy Nurse Corps
The United States Navy Nurse Corps was officially established by Congress in 1908; however, unofficially, women had been working as nurses aboard Navy ships and in Navy hospitals for nearly 100 years.-Pre-1908:...
as a Lieutenant Commander in 1947.
Early years
Laura Cobb was born in Atchison, KansasAtchison, Kansas
Atchison is a city situated along the Missouri River in the eastern part of Atchison County, located in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 11,021. It is the county seat and most populous city of Atchison County...
on May 11, 1892, and moved with her family to Mulvane, Kansas
Mulvane, Kansas
Mulvane is a city in Sedgwick and Sumner counties in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 6,111.-History:...
(near Wichita) the following year. She graduated from Mulvane High School in 1910, taught school for a time, entered the nursing training program at Wesley Hospital in Wichita in 1915, and graduated from that program in 1918.
Interwar service
Cobb served as a nurse in the United States Navy from July 5, 1918, to July 21, 1921 (including brief service at the Canacao Naval Hospital in ManilaManila
Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
at the end of World War I), and then worked in civilian hospitals in Iowa and Michigan for three years. She rejoined the Navy in April 1924 and served in naval hospitals throughout the US in the 1920s and 1930s. After serving for more than a decade in a naval hospital in Washington DC, rumors of war prompted her to request "to go overseas because someone had to go." She was subsequently transferred to the naval hospital on Guam
Guam
Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United...
in April 1940, where she received a commendation for "continuous duty for forty-eight hours, during which she repeatedly risked life and limb in her efforts to insure the safety and comfort of the patients..." during the typhoon of November 3, 1940.
World War II
Cobb transferred from Guam to the PhilippinesPhilippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
in February 1941, where she was again assigned—now as Chief Nurse—to the Canacao Naval Hospital in Manila (located next to the Cavite Navy Yard). When the Japanese attacked the Cavite Navy Yard on December 10, 1941, Cobb and ten other navy nurses remained with the wounded in Manila until the US Military there surrendered to the Japanese on January 2, 1942. Cobb's quiet, professional manner was reassuring to the other nurses and apparently respected by the Japanese. When ordered by their captors to inventory medical supplies, Cobb instructed the nurses to mislabel valuable quinine as mere soda bicarbonate to preserve the quinine for the treatment of malaria patients.
Santo Tomas
After capture, Cobb and the other ten navy nurses were eventually transferred to and imprisoned by the Japanese at Santo Tomas University. During the transfer, Cobb hid the nurses' records under her uniform to hide them from their guards. Eventually, Cobb was named superintendent of the Santo Tomas hospital. The navy nurses continued to serve as a nursing unit at Santo Tomas, caring for the more than 3,500 civilian internees there, and eventually being joined by 66 Army nurses captured after the Battle of CorregidorBattle of Corregidor
The Battle for Corregidor was the culmination of the Japanese campaign for the conquest of the Philippines. The fall of Bataan on 9 April 1942 ended all organized opposition by the U.S...
in July 1942.
Los Baños
Raid at Los Baños
The raid at Los Baños in the Philippines, early Friday morning on 23 February 1945, was executed by a combined U.S. Army Airborne and Filipino guerrilla task force, resulting in the liberation of 2,147 Allied civilian and military internees from an agricultural school campus turned Japanese...
. Cobb again hid all their military records under her blouse, wearing a lei around her neck to help conceal them. The nurses created a makeshift hospital and the camp began receiving more civilian prisoners, including children afflicted with measles, chicken pox, and diphtheria. Through the rest of 1943 and all of 1944 camp conditions progressively worsened, with the nurses working 12 hour shifts and treating as many as 200 patients a day for diseases such as beriberi, dysentery, and tuberculosis. The navy nurses at Los Baños eventually came to be known as "the sacred eleven."
During their last three months of captivity, the internees, including the nurses, were fed less than 900 calories a day. Their diet was ultimately diminished to 250 to 300 grams of unhusked rice per day, of which Cobb later said: "We got so we didn't especially mind the weevils, but the cockroaches and worms made eating tough going much of the time." Finally, the internees and all eleven of the navy nurses, including Cobb, were liberated by a combination of U.S. Army Airborne
U.S. 11th Airborne Division
-Knollwood Maneuver:The 11th Airborne, as the attacking force, was assigned the objective of capturing Knollwood Army Auxiliary Airfield near Fort Bragg in North Carolina. The force defending the airfield and its environs was a combat team composed of elements of the 17th Airborne Division and a...
and Filipino guerilla forces in the Raid at Los Baños
Raid at Los Baños
The raid at Los Baños in the Philippines, early Friday morning on 23 February 1945, was executed by a combined U.S. Army Airborne and Filipino guerrilla task force, resulting in the liberation of 2,147 Allied civilian and military internees from an agricultural school campus turned Japanese...
on February 23, 1945.
Upon evacuation to Guam, Cobb, who had lost 35 pounds during her captivity, said: "I want to return to the Philippines...." The nurses were nevertheless returned to the United States, where Cobb was promoted to Lieutenant Commander
Lieutenant Commander
Lieutenant Commander is a commissioned officer rank in many navies. The rank is superior to a lieutenant and subordinate to a commander...
and awarded the Bronze Star, a Gold Star in lieu of a second Bronze Star, the Defense of Philippines Ribbon, a Distinguished Army Unit Citation, and the Asiatic-Pacific Theater Ribbon with two Battle Stars.
The Wightman family of Evansville, Indiana, also imprisoned at Los Baños, later said of the navy nurses: "We are absolutely certain that had it not been for these nurses many of us who are alive and well would have died." Nurse Mary Rose Harrington later said of her experience: "I was young and in good health but I do thank the good Lord and my Chief Nurse, Laura Cobb for surviving as well as I did."
Later years
Cobb retired from the Navy in 1947 for health reasons and worked in a sanatorium in Los Angeles. She moved back to Wichita in 1974, and died there in September 1981.Maj. Maude C. Davison, the Army Chief Nurse at Corregidor and Santo Tomas, was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Medal
Distinguished Service Medal (Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal is a military award of the United States Army that is presented to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the United States military, has distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great...
on August 20, 2001. A similar effort has not yet been undertaken for Chief Nurse Laura M. Cobb.