Kyoto Station
Encyclopedia
is the most important transportation hub in Kyoto
Kyoto
is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area.-History:...

, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

. It has Japan's second-largest train station
Train station
A train station, also called a railroad station or railway station and often shortened to just station,"Station" is commonly understood to mean "train station" unless otherwise qualified. This is evident from dictionary entries e.g...

 building (after Nagoya Station
Nagoya Station
is a train station in Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Japan. It is one of the world's largest train stations by floor area , and houses the headquarters of the Central Japan Railway Company . Much of this space is located in the "JR Central Towers" atop the station, as well as in underground concourses. The...

) and is one of the country's largest buildings, incorporating a shopping mall
Shopping mall
A shopping mall, shopping centre, shopping arcade, shopping precinct or simply mall is one or more buildings forming a complex of shops representing merchandisers, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit, along with a parking area — a modern, indoor version...

, hotel
Hotel
A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms...

, movie theater
Movie theater
A movie theater, cinema, movie house, picture theater, film theater is a venue, usually a building, for viewing motion pictures ....

, Isetan
Isetan
is a Japanese department store. Based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Isetan has branches throughout Japan and East Asia, including Bangkok, Jinan, Kaohsiung, Kuala Lumpur, Shanghai, Singapore and Tianjin and formerly in Hong Kong, London and Vienna....

 department store
Department store
A department store is a retail establishment which satisfies a wide range of the consumer's personal and residential durable goods product needs; and at the same time offering the consumer a choice of multiple merchandise lines, at variable price points, in all product categories...

, and several local government facilities under one 15-story roof. It also housed the Kyoto City Air Terminal until August 31, 2002.

History

The governmental railway
Japanese Government Railways
The Japanese Government Railways was the national railway system directly operated by the central government of Japan until 1949. It is a predecessor of Japanese National Railways and the Japan Railways Group.- Name :...

 from reached Kyoto on September 5, 1876, but the station was under construction and a temporary facility called Ōmiya-dōri (Ōmiya Street) Temporary Station was used until the opening of the main station. The first Kyōto Station opened for service by decree of Emperor
Emperor of Japan
The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...

 Meiji
Emperor Meiji
The or was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 3 February 1867 until his death...

 on February 5, 1877.

In 1889, the railway became a part of the trunk line to Tokyo
Tokyo
, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...

 (Tōkaidō Main Line
Tokaido Main Line
The is the busiest trunk line of the Japan Railways Group , connecting Tōkyō and Kōbe stations. It is long, not counting its many freight feeder lines around the major cities...

). Subsequently the station became the terminal of two private railways, Nara Railway (1895, present-day Nara Line
Nara Line
The is a commuter rail line in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area, operated by the West Japan Railway Company . Its official termini are Kizu Station in Kizugawa and Kyōto Station in Kyoto, within Kyoto Prefecture; however, all trains continue past Kizu on the Yamatoji Line to Nara Station in...

) and Kyoto Railway (1897, present-day Sagano Line
Sagano Line
The is the popular name for a portion of the Sanin Main Line in the suburbs of Kyoto, Japan. The electrified and double-tracked railway is a commuter rail line in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company . The line starts at Kyoto Station and ends at...

), that connected the station with southern and northern regions of Kyoto Prefecture, respectively.

The station was replaced by a newer, Renaissance
Renaissance
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historical era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not...

-inspired facility in 1914, which featured a broad square (the site of demolished first station) leading from the station to Shichijō Avenue. Before and during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

, the square was often used by imperial motorcades when Emperor Showa
Hirohito
, posthumously in Japan officially called Emperor Shōwa or , was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order, reigning from December 25, 1926, until his death in 1989. Although better known outside of Japan by his personal name Hirohito, in Japan he is now referred to...

 traveled between Kyoto and Tokyo. The station was spacious and designed to handle a large number of people, but when a few thousand people gathered to bid farewell to naval recruits on January 8, 1934, 77 people were crushed to death. This station burned to the ground in 1950 and was replaced by a more utilitarian concrete facility in 1952.

The current Kyōto Station opened in 1997, commemorating Kyoto's 1,200th anniversary. It is 70 meters high and 470 meters from east to west, with a total floor area of 238,000 square meters. Architecturally
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...

, it exhibits many characteristics of futurism
Futurism (art)
Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized and glorified themes associated with contemporary concepts of the future, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane and the industrial city...

, with a slightly irregular cubic facade of plate glass over a steel frame. The architect was Hiroshi Hara.

Kyoto, one of the least modern cities in Japan by virtue of its many cultural heritage
Cultural heritage
Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations...

 sites, was largely reluctant to accept such an ambitious structure in the mid-1990s: The station's completion began a wave of new high-rise developments in the city that culminated in the 20-story Kyocera Building. Hence some criticize the station's design for taking part in breaking down the traditional cityscape.

Aside from the main building on the north side of the station, the Hachijō-guchi building on the south side was built to house Tōkaidō Shinkansen which started operation in 1964. The underground facilities of the station, including the shopping mall Porta beneath the station square, was constructed when the subway opened in 1981.

Lines

Kyōto Station is served by the following railway lines:
  • Central Japan Railway Company
    Central Japan Railway Company
    The is the main railway company operating in the Chūbu region of central Japan. It is officially abbreviated in English as JR Central and in Japanese as . Its headquarters are located in the JR Central Towers in Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture.The company's operational hub is Nagoya Station...

     (JR Central)
  • West Japan Railway Company
    West Japan Railway Company
    , also referred to as , is one of the Japan Railways Group companies and operates in western Honshū. It has its headquarters in Kita-ku, Osaka.-History:...

     (JR West)
    • Tōkaidō Main Line
      Tokaido Main Line
      The is the busiest trunk line of the Japan Railways Group , connecting Tōkyō and Kōbe stations. It is long, not counting its many freight feeder lines around the major cities...

       (Biwako Line and JR Kyoto Line
      JR Kyoto Line
      The is the common name of a portion of the Tōkaidō Main Line, between Kyoto Station and Osaka Station. The line is one of commuter rail lines and services in Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company ....

      )
    • San'in Main Line
      San'in Main Line
      The is a railway line in western Japan that runs from Kyoto to Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, operated by West Japan Railway Company . It is the major railway line of the San'in region, running along the Japan Sea, crossing Kyoto, Hyōgo, Tottori, Shimane and Yamaguchi prefectures...

       (Sagano Line
      Sagano Line
      The is the popular name for a portion of the Sanin Main Line in the suburbs of Kyoto, Japan. The electrified and double-tracked railway is a commuter rail line in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company . The line starts at Kyoto Station and ends at...

      )
    • Nara Line
      Nara Line
      The is a commuter rail line in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area, operated by the West Japan Railway Company . Its official termini are Kizu Station in Kizugawa and Kyōto Station in Kyoto, within Kyoto Prefecture; however, all trains continue past Kizu on the Yamatoji Line to Nara Station in...

  • Kintetsu
    Kintetsu
    , named Kinki Nippon Railway Co., Ltd. in English until June 27, 2003, is a Japanese rail transit corporation commonly known as . It is the largest non-JR railway in Japan. Its complex network of lines connects Osaka, Kyoto, Nara, Nagoya, Tsu and Ise...

  • Kyoto Municipal Subway
    Kyoto Municipal Subway
    is the metro network in the city of Kyoto, Japan. It is operated by Kyoto Municipal Transportation Bureau. It has two lines.-Lines:- External links :**...



In addition to the lines above, the following lines, among others, have through services to Kyōto Station:
  • JR West
    • Kosei Line
      Kosei Line
      The is one of commuter rail lines and services in Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, operated by West Japan Railway Company. The line was completed in 1974 by the former Japanese National Railways to provide faster access from the Kansai region to the Hokuriku region...

    • Kusatsu Line
      Kusatsu Line
      The is a railway line in western Japan operated by West Japan Railway Company . It connects Tsuge on the Kansai Main Line with Kusatsu on the Biwako Line .-Stations:...


JR West / JR Central

Layout

There is one side platform and four island platforms serving eight tracks for the Tōkaidō Line (Biwako Line, JR Kyoto Line) and Kosei Line at ground level, three dead-end platforms serving four tracks for the San'in Line (Sagano Line) to the west of platform 0 at ground level, and two dead-end platforms serving three tracks to the south of platform 7 at ground level. There are two island platforms serving four tracks for the Shinkansen, which are elevated.
0 Hokuriku Line limited express trains tyle="border-top:solid 1px gray; border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=350|for , ,
Tōkaidō Line, Chuo Line
Chuo Main Line
The , commonly called the Chūō Line, is one of the major trunk railway lines in Japan. It runs between Tokyo and Nagoya, although it is the slowest direct railway connection between the two cities; the coastal Tōkaidō Main Line is slightly faster, while the Tōkaidō Shinkansen is the fastest rail...

, Takayama Line
Takayama Main Line
is a Japanese railway line between Gifu Station in Gifu and Toyama Station in Toyama, operated by Central Japan Railway Company and West Japan Railway Company . The line directly links Chūkyō Metropolitan Area and Hokuriku region in a shorter distance, but slower than to use Tōkaidō Shinkansen...

 limited express trains
for , ,
Biwako Line Part of special rapid trains for Kusatsu, Maibara on weekday mornings
Kosei Line
Kosei Line
The is one of commuter rail lines and services in Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, operated by West Japan Railway Company. The line was completed in 1974 by the former Japanese National Railways to provide faster access from the Kansai region to the Hokuriku region...

Part of special rapid trains for Ōmi-Shiotsu, Tsuruga on weekday mornings
2, 3 Biwako Line tyle="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|for ,
Kosei Line
Kosei Line
The is one of commuter rail lines and services in Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, operated by West Japan Railway Company. The line was completed in 1974 by the former Japanese National Railways to provide faster access from the Kansai region to the Hokuriku region...

for ,
4, 5 JR Kyoto Line
JR Kyoto Line
The is the common name of a portion of the Tōkaidō Main Line, between Kyoto Station and Osaka Station. The line is one of commuter rail lines and services in Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company ....

for ,
6, 7 Kinokuni Line limited express trains for ,
Chizu Express
Chizu Express
The ' is a Japanese third-sector semi-public railway that connects Hyōgo, Okayama and Tottori prefectures. The Chizu Line is not electrified, but is a high-grade railroad, and runs a total of 56.1 kilometers...

 Line limited express trains "Super Hakuto"
for ,
Kansai Airport Line
Kansai Airport Line
The is a railway line between Hineno Station and Kansai Airport Station, Japan, operated by the West Japan Railway Company and owned by Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd. between Rinkū Town and Kansai Airport...

 limited express trains "Haruka"
from Maibara and Kusatsu for only
Limited express trains from the Hokuriku Line, Tōkaidō Line for Osaka
JR Kyoto Line Rapid and special rapid trains for Ōsaka, Sannomiya in the morning
8, 9, 10 Nara Line
Nara Line
The is a commuter rail line in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area, operated by the West Japan Railway Company . Its official termini are Kizu Station in Kizugawa and Kyōto Station in Kyoto, within Kyoto Prefecture; however, all trains continue past Kizu on the Yamatoji Line to Nara Station in...

tyle="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|for ,
30 Kansai Airport Line
Kansai Airport Line
The is a railway line between Hineno Station and Kansai Airport Station, Japan, operated by the West Japan Railway Company and owned by Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd. between Rinkū Town and Kansai Airport...

 limited express trains "Haruka
Haruka (train)
, is a limited express train service, connecting Maibara through Kyoto Station to Kansai International Airport in Osaka, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company ....

"
for
Sagano-San'in Line limited express trains (partly) for Fukuchiyama, Kinosaki Onsen, Higashi-Maizuru, Amanohashidate
31 Sagano
Sagano Line
The is the popular name for a portion of the Sanin Main Line in the suburbs of Kyoto, Japan. The electrified and double-tracked railway is a commuter rail line in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company . The line starts at Kyoto Station and ends at...

-San'in
San'in Main Line
The is a railway line in western Japan that runs from Kyoto to Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, operated by West Japan Railway Company . It is the major railway line of the San'in region, running along the Japan Sea, crossing Kyoto, Hyōgo, Tottori, Shimane and Yamaguchi prefectures...

 Line limited express trains
for , , ,
Sagano
Sagano Line
The is the popular name for a portion of the Sanin Main Line in the suburbs of Kyoto, Japan. The electrified and double-tracked railway is a commuter rail line in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company . The line starts at Kyoto Station and ends at...

-San'in Line
part of trains for Kameoka, Sonobe, Fukuchiyama
32, 33 Sagano
Sagano Line
The is the popular name for a portion of the Sanin Main Line in the suburbs of Kyoto, Japan. The electrified and double-tracked railway is a commuter rail line in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company . The line starts at Kyoto Station and ends at...

-San'in Line
local trains and rapid trains for , ,
34 Disembarking only for trains at platform 33  
11, 12 Tōkaidō Shinkansen "Nozomi", "Hikari", "Kodama" for ,
13, 14 Tōkaidō Shinkansen "Nozomi", "Hikari", "Kodama" for ,

Track layout of Kyōto Station (JR West area)
Hachijō side (South)
: Nara Line to Uji and Nara
:
Tōkaidō Main Line
(Biwako Line)
to Maibara, Nagoya and Tokyo
Kosei Line
to Omi-Imazu and Tsuruga
:
Freight Line
to Kyoto Freight Station
:
Tōkaidō Main Line
(JR Kyōto Line)
to Ōsaka and Kōbe
:
San'in Main Line
(Sagano Line)
to Fukuchiyama
Karasuma Side (North)

Limited express trains and express trains

for the Hokuriku Line
  • limited express Thunderbird
    Thunderbird (train)
    The is a limited express train operated by the West Japan Railway Company between and in Japan, using portions of the Tōkaidō Main Line, Kosei Line, Hokuriku Main Line, and Nanao Line.-Thunderbird:...

    : Osaka - , , ,
  • limited express Nihonkai
    Nihonkai (train)
    The is an overnight train which is operated by the East Japan Railway Company . The train runs overnight between Osaka Station and Aomori Station using the Tōkaidō Main Line, Kosei Line, Hokuriku Main Line, Shin'etsu Main Line, Uetsu Main Line, and Ōu Main Line.-Area of operations:The Nihonkai...

    : Osaka -
  • extra limited express Twilight Express
    Twilight Express
    The is the longest overnight train service operating in Japan. Operated by West Japan Railway Company , it runs between the city of Sapporo on the northern island of Hokkaido and Osaka on south-western Honshu...

    : Osaka -
  • express Kitaguni
    Kitaguni
    The is an overnight train service that operates in Japan. Operated by West Japan Railway Company , it runs between Niigata Prefecture and Osaka in the Kansai region...

    : Osaka -

for the Tōkaidō Line, the Chūō Line, and the Takayama Line
  • limited express Shinano
    Shinano (train)
    The , branded as is limited express train service in Japan operated by Central Japan Railway Company , which runs from and to via .-Route: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -History:...

    : Osaka -
  • limited express Hida
    Hida (train)
    is a limited express train service operated by Central Japan Railway Company along the Takayama Main Line in central Japan...

    : Osaka -
  • limited express Biwako Express: Osaka - Maibara

for the Sanin region via the Chizu Express
Chizu Express
The ' is a Japanese third-sector semi-public railway that connects Hyōgo, Okayama and Tottori prefectures. The Chizu Line is not electrified, but is a high-grade railroad, and runs a total of 56.1 kilometers...

 Chizu Line
  • limited express Super Hakuto: Kyoto - Tottori, Kurayoshi

for the Hanwa Line
Hanwa Line
The is one of commuter rail lines and services in Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company. The line runs between Osaka and Wakayama, Japan and has a 1.7-kilometre branchline in Osaka suburb....

, Kansai Airport Line
Kansai Airport Line
The is a railway line between Hineno Station and Kansai Airport Station, Japan, operated by the West Japan Railway Company and owned by Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd. between Rinkū Town and Kansai Airport...

 and the Kinokuni Line
  • Kansai Airport limited express Haruka
    Haruka (train)
    , is a limited express train service, connecting Maibara through Kyoto Station to Kansai International Airport in Osaka, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company ....

    : Maibara, Kyoto - Kansai Airport
  • limited express Kuroshio, Super Kuroshio, Ocean Arrow
    Kuroshio (train)
    is a limited express train connecting Kyoto, Shin-Ōsaka, Tennōji, Wakayama, Kii-Tanabe, Shirahama, and Shingu via the Tōkaidō Main Line , Osaka Loop Line, Hanwa Line, and Kisei Line , operated by West Japan Railway Company...

    : Kyoto, Shin-Osaka - Shirahama, Shingu

for the San'in Line, the Maizuru Line
Maizuru Line
The is a railway line of West Japan Railway Company in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.-Stations:...

 and the Kitakinki Tango Railway
Kitakinki Tango Railway
is a railway operator in Japan. The company's name, which consists of "Kitakinki" meaning northern Kinki region and "Tango" meaning Tango Province, is occasionally abbreviated as KTR....

 lines
  • limited express Kinosaki
    Kinosaki (train)
    The is a limited express train service operated by West Japan Railway Company . One of the services making up JR West's "Big X Network", it connects Kyoto Station and Kinosaki Onsen Station via the Sanin Main Line...

    : Kyoto - , ,
  • limited express Hashidate
    Hashidate
    The is a limited express train service operated by West Japan Railway Company in Japan. One of the services making up JR West's "Big X Network", it connects Kyōto Station, Amanohashidate Station and Toyooka Station via the San'in Main Line and Kitakinki Tango Railway's Miyafuku Line and Miyazu Line...

    : Kyoto - , , Toyooka
  • limited express Maizuru
    Maizuru (train)
    The is a limited express train service operated by West Japan Railway Company in Japan. It operates between and via the Sanin Main Line, and is one of the services that make up JR West's "Big X Network".-Station stops: - - - - - - -...

    : Kyoto -

Adjacent stations

|-
!colspan=5|West Japan Railway Company (JR West)

|-
!colspan=5|Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central)

Kintetsu

Layout

  • There are 3 dead-end platforms with 3 tracks on the 2nd floor.
    1 Limited Express for , ,
    2, 3 Local trains and Express for , , , , ,
    4 ■Under construction Scheduled to be completed in 2012

Adjacent stations

Kyoto Municipal Subway

Layout

There is an island platform with 2 tracks underground.
1 Southbound trains for , the Kintetsu Kyoto Line
2 Northbound trains for , ,

Adjacent stations

Surroundings

  • Keihan
    Keihan Electric Railway
    is a Japanese railway operator in Osaka, Kyoto, and Shiga Prefectures. It is known as , or .-History:Keihan started its operation between Osaka and Kyoto in 1910. It was the first electric railway to connect these two cities, and the first line on the left bank of Yodo River...

     Main Line Shichijō Station
    Shichijo Station
    is a train station located in the Higashiyama-ku, city of Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.-Layout:The underground station has two side platforms.-Adjacent stations:...


Karasuma Gate

  • Kyōto Station Building
    • Hotel Granvia Kyoto
    • JR Kyōto Isetan
      Isetan
      is a Japanese department store. Based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Isetan has branches throughout Japan and East Asia, including Bangkok, Jinan, Kaohsiung, Kuala Lumpur, Shanghai, Singapore and Tianjin and formerly in Hong Kong, London and Vienna....

    • Kyoto Gekijo
    • Museum of Art "Eki" Kyoto
  • Kyōto Station Underground Mall "Porta"
  • Kyoto-Yodobashi
    • Yodobashi Camera
      Yodobashi Camera
      Yodobashi Camera Co.,Ltd. is a chain store mainly selling electronic products. Currently, there are 21 stores in Japan. It also maintains two online stores in China; one with a limited selection of products from its Japanese online store through SBI VeriTrans that supports payments by UnionPay,...

    • Fashion Floor
    • Yodobashi The Dining
    • Travel & BookCafe
    • YodoChikaB2F
  • Kyoto Tower
    Kyoto Tower
    is an observation tower located in Kyoto, Japan. The steel tower is the tallest structure in Kyoto with its observation deck at 100 meters and its spire at 131 meters . The 800-ton tower stands atop a 9-story building, which houses a 3-star hotel and several stores...

  • Higashi Hongan-ji
  • Shichijo Police Station
  • Kyoto Central Post Office
  • OMRON
    OMRON
    is a Japanese electronics company based in Kyoto.Omron was established by Kazuma Tateishi in 1933 and incorporated in 1948. Omron's primary business is the manufacture and sale of automation components, equipment and systems, but it is generally known for medical equipment such as digital...

  • Kyoto Bus Station

Hachijo Gate

  • Hotel Keihan Kyoto
  • Sighitseeing Bus Terminal
  • Expressway Bus Terminal
  • New Miyako Hotel
  • To-ji
    To-ji
    is a Buddhist temple of the Shingon sect in Kyoto, Japan. Its name means East Temple, and it once had a partner, Sai-ji . They stood alongside the Rashomon, the gate to the Heian capital. It is formally known as which indicates that it previously functioned as a temple providing protection for the...

  • ÆON
    ÆON
    , commonly written AEON Co., Ltd., is the holding company of Æon Group. It has its headquarters in Mihama-ku, Chiba, Chiba Prefecture.It operates JUSCO supermarkets directly in Japan.Æon is the largest retailer in Asia...

    Mall KYOTO
  • PHP Institute

External links

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