Kuroishi Domain
Encyclopedia
was a tozama
feudal domain
of Edo period
Japan
, located in northwestern Mutsu Province
, Honshū
.
Its territory included 2000 koku
in the area around present-day city of Kuroishi
, 1000 koku in present day Hiranani
, and 2000 koku in what is now part of Ōta, Gunma
. The domain was centered at Kuroishi Jin'ya
, located in the center of what is now Kuroishi
in Aomori Prefecture
.
holding, created in 1656 for Tsugaru Nobufusa (1620–1662), the younger son of Tsugaru Nobuhira
, 2nd daimyō of Hirosaki Domain
. Nobuhira had an elder son (Tsugaru Nobuyoshi) by his first wife, the daughter of Ishida Mitsunari
, who had been reduced to concubine status when Nobuhira married the niece of Tokugawa Ieyasu
to secure his position vis-à-vis the new Tokugawa bakufu following the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
. However, his position as the son of a concubine resulted in a split in the ranks of the senior retainers of Tsugaru Domain, with a large faction supporting the younger Tsugaru Nobufusa due to his blood connection to the Tokugawa clan
, and due to the fact that he was born as son of Nobuhira’s official wife. This resulted in an O-Ie Sōdō
known as the Funahashi Sōdō of 1634, which was only suppressed with assistance by the Tokugawa shogunate and resulted in the exile of a number of Nobufusa’s supporters in 1636. Problems arose again in 1647 in what was called the Tempyō Sōdō, with remaining supporters of Nobufusa demanding that Nobuyoshi retire in favor of Nobufusa, alleging misgovernment through excessive drinking and womanizing. The situation was partly resolved by the creation of a semi-autonomous subsidiary holding for Nobufusa based at Kuroishi. The size of the holding was later reduced to 4000 koku after Nobufusa's death.
However, in 1809, the Tokugawa shogunate raised the revenues of Kuroishi by 6000 koku during the rule of Tsugaru Chikatari
as part of an agreement with Hirosaki daimyō Tsugaru Yasuchika
over making Hirosaki Domain partially responsible for guarding the northern frontier lands of Ezo
(including Karafuto and the Chishima Islands). The total revenues of 10,000 koku enabled Tsugaru Chikatari and his successors to enter the ranks of the daimyō.
The 2nd daimyō of Kuroishi Domain, Tsugaru Yukitsugu
became daimyō of Hirosaki Domain after the forced retirement of Tsugaru Nobuyuki
, turning the Kuroishi Domain over to his younger brother Tsugaru Tsuguyasu
.
During the Boshin War
of the Meiji Restoration
, the 4th daimyō of Kuroishi Tsugaru Tsugumichi
initially supported the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei
, but then defected to the Imperial cause and joined with the forces of Hirosaki Domain at the Battle of Noheji
against the forces of Hachinohe Domain
and Morioka Domain
. Afterwards, his forces also fought in campaigns in Hokkaidō
. In July 1871, with the abolition of the han system
, Kuroishi Domain briefly became Kuroishi Prefecture, and was merged into the newly-created Aomori Prefecture
in September 1871. Under the new Meiji government, Tsugaru Tsugumichi was given the kazoku
peerage title of shishaku (viscount
), and later served as a member of the House of Peers
.
Tozama
A ' was a daimyo who was considered an outsider by the rulers of Japan. The term came into use in the Kamakura period and continued until the end of the Edo period.-Edo period:...
feudal domain
Han (Japan)
The or domain was the name of the estate belonging to a warrior in Japan after the 17th century. The fiefs of the daimyos of the samurai class of Japan during the Edo period were called han.-Edo period:...
of Edo period
Edo period
The , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, located in northwestern Mutsu Province
Mutsu Province
was an old province of Japan in the area of Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate and Aomori prefecture and the municipalities of Kazuno and Kosaka in Akita Prefecture...
, Honshū
Honshu
is the largest island of Japan. The nation's main island, it is south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyushu across the Kanmon Strait...
.
Its territory included 2000 koku
Koku
The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...
in the area around present-day city of Kuroishi
Kuroishi, Aomori
is a city located in northeastern Aomori in Tōhoku region of Japan. As of 2009, the city had an estimated population of 36,675 and a density of 169 persons per km². Its total area was 216.96 km².-Geography:Kuroishi is located in west-central Aomori Prefecture...
, 1000 koku in present day Hiranani
Hiranai, Aomori
is a town located in the Higashitsugaru District of northeastern Aomori Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan. As of 2009, the town had an estimated population of 12,470and a density of 57.5 persons per km². Its total area was 217.00 km².-Geography:...
, and 2000 koku in what is now part of Ōta, Gunma
Ota, Gunma
is a city 50 miles northwest of Tokyo, in eastern Gunma prefecture, Japan. This city is located between the Tone and Watarase rivers. As a result, the new city reached a total population of 219,789, making it the third most populous city in Gunma....
. The domain was centered at Kuroishi Jin'ya
Jin'ya
During the Edo period of Japanese history, a was the administrative headquarters of a small domain or parcel of land held by the Tokugawa shogunate, as well as the residence of the head of the administration, and the associated grain storehouse. While larger domains had castles, certain smaller...
, located in the center of what is now Kuroishi
Kuroishi, Aomori
is a city located in northeastern Aomori in Tōhoku region of Japan. As of 2009, the city had an estimated population of 36,675 and a density of 169 persons per km². Its total area was 216.96 km².-Geography:Kuroishi is located in west-central Aomori Prefecture...
in Aomori Prefecture
Aomori Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku Region. The capital is the city of Aomori.- History :Until the Meiji Restoration, the area of Aomori prefecture was known as Mutsu Province....
.
History
Kuroishi Domain began as a 5,000 koku hatamotoHatamoto
A was a samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan. While all three of the shogunates in Japanese history had official retainers, in the two preceding ones, they were referred to as gokenin. However, in the Edo period, hatamoto were the upper vassals of the Tokugawa...
holding, created in 1656 for Tsugaru Nobufusa (1620–1662), the younger son of Tsugaru Nobuhira
Tsugaru Nobuhira
was the 2nd daimyō of Hirosaki Domain in northern Mutsu Province, Honshū, Japan . His courtesy title was Etchū-no-kami.-Biography:Tsugaru Noruhira was born as the 3rd son of Tsugaru Tamenobu, head of the Tsugaru clan...
, 2nd daimyō of Hirosaki Domain
Hirosaki Domain
The ' was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in northern Mutsu Province . It was ruled by the Tsugaru clan...
. Nobuhira had an elder son (Tsugaru Nobuyoshi) by his first wife, the daughter of Ishida Mitsunari
Ishida Mitsunari
Ishida Mitsunari was a samurai who led the Western army in the Battle of Sekigahara following the Azuchi-Momoyama period of the 17th century. Also known by his court title, Jibunoshō...
, who had been reduced to concubine status when Nobuhira married the niece of Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu
was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan , which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Ieyasu seized power in 1600, received appointment as shogun in 1603, abdicated from office in 1605, but...
to secure his position vis-à-vis the new Tokugawa bakufu following the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
was a daimyo warrior, general and politician of the Sengoku period. He unified the political factions of Japan. He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Sengoku period. The period of his rule is often called the Momoyama period, named after Hideyoshi's castle...
. However, his position as the son of a concubine resulted in a split in the ranks of the senior retainers of Tsugaru Domain, with a large faction supporting the younger Tsugaru Nobufusa due to his blood connection to the Tokugawa clan
Tokugawa clan
The was a powerful daimyo family of Japan. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa and were a branch of the Minamoto clan by the Nitta clan. However, the early history of this clan remains a mystery.-History:...
, and due to the fact that he was born as son of Nobuhira’s official wife. This resulted in an O-Ie Sōdō
O-Ie Sodo
O-Ie Sōdō were noble family disputes within the samurai and aristocratic classes of Japan, particularly during the early Edo period...
known as the Funahashi Sōdō of 1634, which was only suppressed with assistance by the Tokugawa shogunate and resulted in the exile of a number of Nobufusa’s supporters in 1636. Problems arose again in 1647 in what was called the Tempyō Sōdō, with remaining supporters of Nobufusa demanding that Nobuyoshi retire in favor of Nobufusa, alleging misgovernment through excessive drinking and womanizing. The situation was partly resolved by the creation of a semi-autonomous subsidiary holding for Nobufusa based at Kuroishi. The size of the holding was later reduced to 4000 koku after Nobufusa's death.
However, in 1809, the Tokugawa shogunate raised the revenues of Kuroishi by 6000 koku during the rule of Tsugaru Chikatari
Tsugaru Chikatari
was the 1st daimyō of Kuroishi Domain in northern Mutsu Province, Honshū, Japan . His courtesy title was Kai-no-kami.-Biography:...
as part of an agreement with Hirosaki daimyō Tsugaru Yasuchika
Tsugaru Yasuchika
was the 9th daimyō of Hirosaki Domain in northern Mutsu Province, Honshū, Japan . His courtesy title, initially Dewa-no-kami, was later raised to Saikyo Daiyu.-Biography:...
over making Hirosaki Domain partially responsible for guarding the northern frontier lands of Ezo
Ezo
is a Japanese name which historically referred to the lands to the north of Japan. It was used in various senses, sometimes meaning the northern Japanese island of Hokkaidō, and sometimes meaning lands and waters further north in the Sea of Okhotsk, like Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands...
(including Karafuto and the Chishima Islands). The total revenues of 10,000 koku enabled Tsugaru Chikatari and his successors to enter the ranks of the daimyō.
The 2nd daimyō of Kuroishi Domain, Tsugaru Yukitsugu
Tsugaru Yukitsugu
was the 2nd daimyō of Kuroishi Domain, and later the 11th daimyō of Hirosaki Domain in northern Mutsu Province, Honshū, Japan . His courtesy title was Ōsumi-no-kami.-Biography:...
became daimyō of Hirosaki Domain after the forced retirement of Tsugaru Nobuyuki
Tsugaru Nobuyuki
was the 10th daimyō of Hirosaki Domain in northern Mutsu Province, Honshū, Japan . His courtesy title was Dewa-no-kami.-Biography:...
, turning the Kuroishi Domain over to his younger brother Tsugaru Tsuguyasu
Tsugaru Tsuguyasu
was the 3rd daimyō of Kuroishi Domain in northern Mutsu Province, Honshū, Japan . His courtesy title was Izumo-no-kami.-Biography:Tsugaru Tsuguyasu was the 2nd son of Tsugaru Chikatari, the 1st daimyō of Kuroishi Domain...
.
During the Boshin War
Boshin War
The was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the imperial court....
of the Meiji Restoration
Meiji Restoration
The , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, Reform or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868...
, the 4th daimyō of Kuroishi Tsugaru Tsugumichi
Tsugaru Tsugumichi
was the 4th and final daimyō of Kuroishi Domain in northern Mutsu Province, Honshū, Japan . His courtesy title was Shikibu-daisuke.-Biography:...
initially supported the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei
Ouetsu Reppan Domei
-External links:**...
, but then defected to the Imperial cause and joined with the forces of Hirosaki Domain at the Battle of Noheji
Battle of Noheji
The was a minor battle of the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration in Japan on November 7, 1868. It is considered a part of the larger Aizu campaign.-Background:...
against the forces of Hachinohe Domain
Hachinohe Domain
' was a tozama feudal domain of Edo period Japan, located in Mutsu Province, Honshū. Its territory included 41 villages in Sannohe District, 38 villages in Kunohe District, and 4 villages in Shiwa District, with a total revenue of 22,000 koku...
and Morioka Domain
Morioka Domain
The was a han or feudal domain that encompasses present-day the middle-northern part of Iwate Prefecture and eastern part of Aomori Prefecture. It is sometimes colloquially called . The domain was tozama daimyo and was governed by the Satake clan. Its income was 100,000...
. Afterwards, his forces also fought in campaigns in Hokkaidō
Hokkaido
, formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso, is Japan's second largest island; it is also the largest and northernmost of Japan's 47 prefectural-level subdivisions. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu, although the two islands are connected by the underwater railway Seikan Tunnel...
. In July 1871, with the abolition of the han system
Abolition of the han system
The was an act, in 1871, of the new Meiji government of the Empire of Japan to replace the traditional feudal domain system and to introduce centralized government authority . This process marked the culmination of the Meiji Restoration in that all daimyo were required to return their authority...
, Kuroishi Domain briefly became Kuroishi Prefecture, and was merged into the newly-created Aomori Prefecture
Aomori Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku Region. The capital is the city of Aomori.- History :Until the Meiji Restoration, the area of Aomori prefecture was known as Mutsu Province....
in September 1871. Under the new Meiji government, Tsugaru Tsugumichi was given the kazoku
Kazoku
The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan that existed between 1869 and 1947.-Origins:Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the ancient court nobility of Kyoto regained some of its lost status...
peerage title of shishaku (viscount
Viscount
A viscount or viscountess is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl or a count .-Etymology:...
), and later served as a member of the House of Peers
House of Peers (Japan)
The ' was the upper house of the Imperial Diet as mandated under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan ....
.
List of daimyo
- Tsugaru clanTsugaru clanThe was a Japanese samurai clan originating in northern Japan, specifically Mutsu Province . A branch of the local Nanbu clan, the Tsugaru rose to power during the Azuchi-Momoyama period. It was on the winning side of the Battle of Sekigahara, and entered the Edo period as a family of lords ...
(TozamaTozamaA ' was a daimyo who was considered an outsider by the rulers of Japan. The term came into use in the Kamakura period and continued until the end of the Edo period.-Edo period:...
) 1809-1871
| Name | Tenure | Courtesy title | Court Rank | Revenue | |
| 1 | 1809–1825 | Kai-no-kami | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku | |
| 2 | 1825–1839 | Sakonshōgen | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku | |
| 3 | 1839–1851 | Izumo-no-kami | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 10,000 koku | |
| 4 | 1851–1869 | Shikibu-daisuke | 3rd (正三位), shishaku | 10,000 koku | |