Krupina
Encyclopedia
Krupina is a town in southern central Slovakia
. It is part of the Banská Bystrica Region
and has 7,812 inhabitants as of 2005.
, based on archaeological findings from the Bronze Age
. The first written reference to the towns river dates back to 1135. The first midieval peoples was a Slavs - Slovaks. In the 12. - 13. Century cam to Krupina the Germans (in the latein charter as Saxones), later (17. - 18. century) the Madjars (Hungarians). Along with Trnava
, Krupina is the oldest town in Slovakia, having received town privileges in 1238. The settlement lied on the route known as "via magna", connecting the Baltic Sea
with the Adriatic. After the Mongol invasion of 1241/1242
, when the town was sacked, it was rebuilt and received its town privileges again in 1244 and became a "free royal town".
The "Krupina law", based on the Magdeburg rights
, was the basis for many towns in central and northern Slovakia. The deposits of gold and silver ran out in the 14th century and thereafter the town's economy was based on handicraft and agriculture. In the first half of the 15th century the town was threatened by the remains of the Hussites led by John Giskra. As the Turks advanced into the Kingdom of Hungary
, the town built its town walls and sentry tower, and the Turks couldn't capture the town until 1683. Later, Krupina was involved in the Kuruc
uprisings at the beginning of the 18th century, burnt down in 1708 and suffered from a plague in 1710. The first schools were opened in the 18th century. After the break-up of Austria-Hungary
in 1918, the town became part of Czechoslovakia
, was briefly occupied by the Slovak Soviet Republic
in 1919, came back quickly into Czechoslovakia, and since 1993 has been a part of Slovakia.
Literature:
and covers an area of 88.67 square kilometres (34.2 sq mi). It lies on the Krupina Plain under the Štiavnica Mountains
, halfway between Zvolen
and Šahy
.
, the town had 7,991 inhabitants. 97.63% of inhabitants were Slovaks
, 1.14% Roma, 0.38% Czechs
and 0.30% Hungarians. The religious make-up was 70.32% Roman Catholics, 17.91% Lutherans and 9.27% people with no religious affiliation.
, Czech Republic
Hukvaldy
, Czech Republic
Wisła, Poland
Anykščiai
, Lithuania
Omiš
, Croatia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
. It is part of the Banská Bystrica Region
Banská Bystrica Region
The Banská Bystrica Region is one of the Slovak regions in the country of Slovakia in Europe.-Geography:It is located in the central part of Slovakia and has an area of 9,455 km². The region is prevailingly mountains, with several ranges within the area. The highest of them are the Low Tatras...
and has 7,812 inhabitants as of 2005.
History
The territory of modern day Krupina was inhabited since the NeolithicNeolithic
The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 BC in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world. It is traditionally considered as the last part of the Stone Age...
, based on archaeological findings from the Bronze Age
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age...
. The first written reference to the towns river dates back to 1135. The first midieval peoples was a Slavs - Slovaks. In the 12. - 13. Century cam to Krupina the Germans (in the latein charter as Saxones), later (17. - 18. century) the Madjars (Hungarians). Along with Trnava
Trnava
Trnava is a city in western Slovakia, 47 km to the north-east of Bratislava, on the Trnávka river. It is the capital of a kraj and of an okres . It was the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishopric . The city has a historic center...
, Krupina is the oldest town in Slovakia, having received town privileges in 1238. The settlement lied on the route known as "via magna", connecting the Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and...
with the Adriatic. After the Mongol invasion of 1241/1242
Mongol invasion of Europe
The resumption of the Mongol invasion of Europe, during which the Mongols attacked medieval Rus' principalities and the powers of Poland and Hungary, was marked by the Mongol invasion of Rus starting in 21 December 1237...
, when the town was sacked, it was rebuilt and received its town privileges again in 1244 and became a "free royal town".
The "Krupina law", based on the Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg Rights or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by a local ruler. Modelled and named after the laws of the German city of Magdeburg and developed during many centuries of the Holy Roman Empire, it was...
, was the basis for many towns in central and northern Slovakia. The deposits of gold and silver ran out in the 14th century and thereafter the town's economy was based on handicraft and agriculture. In the first half of the 15th century the town was threatened by the remains of the Hussites led by John Giskra. As the Turks advanced into the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
, the town built its town walls and sentry tower, and the Turks couldn't capture the town until 1683. Later, Krupina was involved in the Kuruc
Kuruc
The kuruc was a term used to denote the armed anti-Habsburg rebels in Royal Hungary between 1671 and 1711....
uprisings at the beginning of the 18th century, burnt down in 1708 and suffered from a plague in 1710. The first schools were opened in the 18th century. After the break-up of Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
in 1918, the town became part of Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
, was briefly occupied by the Slovak Soviet Republic
Slovak Soviet Republic
The Slovak Soviet Republic comprised a very short-lived communist state in south and eastern Slovakia from 16 June to 7 July 1919, with its capital in...
in 1919, came back quickly into Czechoslovakia, and since 1993 has been a part of Slovakia.
Literature:
- Sliačan, J.: Krupina. Krupina, 1944.
- Zrebený, A.: Z feudálnych dejín Krupiny. Martin, 1974.
- Lukáč, M. et al.: Krupina - monografia mesta. Banská Bystrica, 2006 (with the englisch summary).
Geography
Krupina lies at an altitude of 262 metres (860 ft) above sea levelAbove mean sea level
The term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
and covers an area of 88.67 square kilometres (34.2 sq mi). It lies on the Krupina Plain under the Štiavnica Mountains
Štiavnica Mountains
The Štiavnica Mountains are a volcanic mountain range southern central Slovakia. They are part of Inner Western Carpathians and the Slovenské stredohorie Mountains...
, halfway between Zvolen
Zvolen
Zvolen |Slatina]] rivers, close to Banská Bystrica. With its ancient castle, the town has a historical center, which represents the seat of an okres .-History:...
and Šahy
Šahy
Šahy is a town in southern Slovakia, The town has an ethnic Hungarian majority and its population is 7,971 people , with an average age of 42.5.-Geography:...
.
Demographics
According to the 2001 censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
, the town had 7,991 inhabitants. 97.63% of inhabitants were Slovaks
Slovaks
The Slovaks, Slovak people, or Slovakians are a West Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language.Most Slovaks today live within the borders of the independent Slovakia...
, 1.14% Roma, 0.38% Czechs
Czech people
Czechs, or Czech people are a western Slavic people of Central Europe, living predominantly in the Czech Republic. Small populations of Czechs also live in Slovakia, Austria, the United States, the United Kingdom, Chile, Argentina, Canada, Germany, Russia and other countries...
and 0.30% Hungarians. The religious make-up was 70.32% Roman Catholics, 17.91% Lutherans and 9.27% people with no religious affiliation.
Partner towns
NepomukNepomuk
Nepomuk is a town in the Pilsen Region of the Czech Republic. It lies on the Mihovka River, some to the south-southwest from the region capital of Pilsen....
, Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
Hukvaldy
Hukvaldy
Hukvaldy is a village in the Czech Republic, in the Moravian-Silesian Region. Population: 1,900. It lies 150m below the ruins of the third largest castle in the Czech Republic, Hukvaldy Castle , and is the birthplace of the composer Leoš Janáček and palaeontologist Ferdinand Stoliczka.The castle...
, Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
Wisła, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
Anykščiai
Anykšciai
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, Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
Omiš
Omiš
Omiš is a town and port in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and is a municipality in the Split-Dalmatia County. The town is situated approximately south-east of Croatia's second largest city, Split. Its location is where the emerald-green Cetina River meets the Adriatic Sea...
, Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...