Kim Jwa-jin
Encyclopedia
Kim Jwa-jin sometimes called the "Korean Makhno
" or by his pen name Baekya, played an important role in the development of Korean nationalism
.
Kim was born to a wealthy family of the Andong Kim lineage in Hongseong County, Chungcheong
province. His father was Kim Hyeong-gyu. When Kim was 18, he released 50 families of slaves when he publicly burned the slave registry and provided each family with enough land to live on. This was the first emancipation of slaves in modern Korea.
. General Kim lead the Korean Righteous Armies
to victory at the Battle of Cheongsanni
.
Afterward General Kim was appointed as the chairman of an executive committee at the age of 38 and attempted to integrate the Independence Movement groups in Manchuria. When anarchist and nationalist groups founded a rebel state in Japanese Manchuria
in the province of Shinmin in 1929, Kim Jwa-jin was chosen to lead its armed forces. He was charged with organizing and leading guerrilla attacks on the Japanese. Though the Japanese soldiers were far more experienced and better armed than Kim Jwa-jin's band, Kim's attacks were successful both in defending the young Anarchist community of Shinmin, and in encouraging other groups in North-East Asia to resist the occupiers. Kim Jwa-jin's exploits are said to be legendary in Manchuria and North Korea
.
Kim Jwa-jin was assassinated in 1930 while repairing a rice mill the Korean Anarchist Federation had built in Shinmin. Although his assassin was never found, the assassin's handler
was caught and executed.
sent armies to attack Shinmin from the south, while the former allies, the Stalinist Chinese Soviet Republic, attacked from the north. By the summer of 1932, Shinmin's most prominent anarchists were dead, and the war on two fronts was becoming untenable. The anarchists went underground and anarchist Shinmin was no more.
As a leader of the Korean independence movement, Kim is remembered in both North and South Korea. In 1991, the town of Hongseong restored his birthplace. A festival is now held in his honor every October.
Nestor Makhno
Nestor Ivanovych Makhno or simply Daddy Makhno was a Ukrainian anarcho-communist guerrilla leader turned army commander who led an independent anarchist army in Ukraine during the Russian Civil War....
" or by his pen name Baekya, played an important role in the development of Korean nationalism
Korean nationalism
Korean nationalism refers to nationalism among the Korean people. In the Korean context, this encompasses various of movements throughout history to maintain the Korean cultural identity, history, and ethnicity.-History:...
.
Kim was born to a wealthy family of the Andong Kim lineage in Hongseong County, Chungcheong
Chungcheong
Chungcheong was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. Chungcheong was located in the southwest of Korea...
province. His father was Kim Hyeong-gyu. When Kim was 18, he released 50 families of slaves when he publicly burned the slave registry and provided each family with enough land to live on. This was the first emancipation of slaves in modern Korea.
Acts
Kim Jwa-jin, had recognised and fought against Japanese imperialism from an early stage. In 1919 Kim established the Northern military administration office army (북로군정서군, 北路軍政署軍). On October 21, 1920 General Kim lured up to 3,000 Japanese soldiers led by Regimental Japanese commander Kano in the battle fields of Siberia to Chingshanli, where Kim's army killed or wounded many Japanese soldiers with another Korean independence army general Hong Beom-doHong Beom-do
Hong Beom-do ; August 27, 1868 – October 25, 1943), was a Korean independence activist. Hong was born in Chasong, North Pyongan.- Biography :...
. General Kim lead the Korean Righteous Armies
Righteous army
Righteous armies, sometimes called irregular armies or militias, have appeared several times in Korean history, when the national armies were in need of assistance....
to victory at the Battle of Cheongsanni
Battle of Chingshanli
The Battle of Qingshanli was fought over six days in October 1920 between the Imperial Japanese Army and Korean armed groups in a densely-wooded region of eastern Manchuria called Qīngshānlǐ...
.
Afterward General Kim was appointed as the chairman of an executive committee at the age of 38 and attempted to integrate the Independence Movement groups in Manchuria. When anarchist and nationalist groups founded a rebel state in Japanese Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
in the province of Shinmin in 1929, Kim Jwa-jin was chosen to lead its armed forces. He was charged with organizing and leading guerrilla attacks on the Japanese. Though the Japanese soldiers were far more experienced and better armed than Kim Jwa-jin's band, Kim's attacks were successful both in defending the young Anarchist community of Shinmin, and in encouraging other groups in North-East Asia to resist the occupiers. Kim Jwa-jin's exploits are said to be legendary in Manchuria and North Korea
North Korea
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
.
Kim Jwa-jin was assassinated in 1930 while repairing a rice mill the Korean Anarchist Federation had built in Shinmin. Although his assassin was never found, the assassin's handler
Agent handling
In intelligence organizations, agent handling is the management of agents, principal agents, and agent networks by intelligence officers typically known as case officers.-Human intelligence:...
was caught and executed.
Shinmin after Kim Jwa-jin
After the assassination of Kim Jwa-jin, the Anarchist Movement in Manchuria and Korea became subject to massive repression. JapanJapan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
sent armies to attack Shinmin from the south, while the former allies, the Stalinist Chinese Soviet Republic, attacked from the north. By the summer of 1932, Shinmin's most prominent anarchists were dead, and the war on two fronts was becoming untenable. The anarchists went underground and anarchist Shinmin was no more.
As a leader of the Korean independence movement, Kim is remembered in both North and South Korea. In 1991, the town of Hongseong restored his birthplace. A festival is now held in his honor every October.
Family
- Father: Kim Hyeong-Gyu
- 1st Wife: Lady Oh (오씨 부인)
- 2nd Wife: Lady Kim (김씨 부인)
- Son: Kim Du-hanKim Du-hanKim Du-han, also spelled Kim Doo Han was the son of Kim Jwa-Jin, a famous Korean freedom fighter, and was elected to the third parliament in 1954 and joined Rhee's Liberal Party where he served as a politician after the era of Japanese occupation in Korea. He was also elected to the sixth...
- Grand daughter: Kim Eul-Dong
- Great-grandson: Song Il GookSong Il GookSong Il Gook is a popular South Korean actor. He starred in several historical Korean dramas such as Jumong and Emperor of the Sea. He graduated from the Cheongju University and majored in Performing Arts. He is the grandson of Kim Du-han, great grandson of the famous Korean independence movement...