Kelpers is a nickname given to Falkland Islanders

Falkland Islanders

The 2006 census returns gave the population of the Falkland Islands, excluding military personnel and their families, but including staff working at the Mount Pleasant military base to be 2955. There were 1569 males and 1386 females giving a male to female ration of 1.13...

 because the islands are surrounded by large seaweed

Seaweed

Seaweed is a loose, colloquial term encompassing macroscopic, multicellular, benthic marine algae. The term includes some members of the red, brown and green algae...

s called kelp

Kelp

Kelps are large seaweeds belonging to the brown algae in the order Laminariales. There are about 30 different genera....

.

This term is no longer used as commonly as it once was (largely because it has been used in a derogatory manner by Argentine

Argentina

Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...

s). Instead most prefer "Falkland Islanders" or even "Bennies".

The term is used to describe the population in Argentine research papers.