Jožef Tominc
Encyclopedia
Giuseppe Tominz, also known as Jožef Tominc (6 July 1790 – 22 April 1866) was a Italian painter
who lived and worked in the Austrian Empire
and in Italy
. He was one of the most prominent Italian and Austrian portrait
ists of the Biedermeier
period. He became renowned for his realistic portrait
s,. He worked mostly in the Austrian Littoral
, but also produced religious paintings in Carniola
and in Croatia
. His handiwork can be seen in the Holy Mary Church in Stoliv. Nowadays, many of his works are on display in the Revoltella Museum
in Trieste
, some in the National Gallery of Slovenia
in Ljubljana
and in the Museum of History and Art of Gorizia
as the second of eleven children of Ivano Tominz, an ironmonger, and his wife Marjana, née Janežič. He was educated in an Italian
-speaking environment. He attended a primary school run by Piarists
in Gorizia, where he began to learn to paint in the third year. He received his first training as a painter from local artist Karel Keber and probably also from Franc Kavčič. In 1809, he left for Rome
with the help of Austria
n Archduchess Maria Anna, sister of Emperor Francis I of Austria
, and count Francesco della Torre. In Rome, he studied painting with Domenico Conti Bizzani and in the Scuola del Nudo at the Accademia di San Luca
. In 1814, he was awarded a silver medal for his drawing Study of the Apostople. Two years later, he married Maria Ricci and in 1818, have two son Augusto and Alfredo will become the first director of the museum Revoltella. In the same year, Tominz returned with his family to Gorizia. Of his early artistic works, several anatomical studies, sketches and one of his landscapes View of Vietri, Rieti and the Salerno Bay have survived.
In 1819, Tominz lived for some time in Vienna
. From 1821 to 1823, he lived occasionally in Ljubljana
, where he exhibited his works and painted portraits of nobles, members of the bourgeoisie, religious dignitaries and participants at the Congress of Laibach
. Between 1830 and 1855, he lived and worked in Trieste
. He later moved back to Gorizia, and finally to his estate in Gradišče nad Prvačino
, where he died in 1866.
.
and by the style of Viennese portrait artists of the Biedermeier
period. The people in his portraits have sharp features and clear forms, but despite this the depictions are realistic, sometimes with an ironic touch. The backgrounds are filled with landscapes or the city from which the person depicted originated. Tominc also included objects that hint at the profession or the lifestyle of the person depicted. Inspired by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
or Vincenzo Camuccini
, he used cool colours and plastic models of people. He is however best known for his oil painting technique, his precise skills of observation and his rapid style.
. Amongst his numerous sacred works are altars and other pictures for churches in Gorizia
, Prvačina
, Aquileia
, Kanal ob Soči
, Gradisca d'Isonzo, and elsewhere.
Painting
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . The application of the medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is...
who lived and worked in the Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
and in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
. He was one of the most prominent Italian and Austrian portrait
Portrait
thumb|250px|right|Portrait of [[Thomas Jefferson]] by [[Rembrandt Peale]], 1805. [[New-York Historical Society]].A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face and its expression is predominant. The intent is to display the likeness,...
ists of the Biedermeier
Biedermeier
In Central Europe, the Biedermeier era refers to the middle-class sensibilities of the historical period between 1815, the year of the Congress of Vienna at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and 1848, the year of the European revolutions...
period. He became renowned for his realistic portrait
Portrait
thumb|250px|right|Portrait of [[Thomas Jefferson]] by [[Rembrandt Peale]], 1805. [[New-York Historical Society]].A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face and its expression is predominant. The intent is to display the likeness,...
s,. He worked mostly in the Austrian Littoral
Austrian Littoral
The Austrian Littoral was established as a crown land of the Austrian Empire in 1849. In 1861 it was divided into the three crown lands of the Imperial Free City of Trieste and its suburbs, the Margraviate of Istria, and the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca, which each had separate...
, but also produced religious paintings in Carniola
Carniola
Carniola was a historical region that comprised parts of what is now Slovenia. As part of Austria-Hungary, the region was a crown land officially known as the Duchy of Carniola until 1918. In 1849, the region was subdivided into Upper Carniola, Lower Carniola, and Inner Carniola...
and in Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
. His handiwork can be seen in the Holy Mary Church in Stoliv. Nowadays, many of his works are on display in the Revoltella Museum
Revoltella Museum
The Revoltella Museum is a modern art gallery founded in Trieste in 1872 by Baron Pasquale Revoltella. The baron, after he left his house to the city and all the works, furniture and books it contained.- The building :The main building was built in 1858 designed by Friedrich Hitzig...
in Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
, some in the National Gallery of Slovenia
National Gallery of Slovenia
The National Gallery of Slovenia is the national art gallery of Slovenia. It is located in the capital Ljubljana.The Slovenian National Gallery was founded in 1918, after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary and the establishment of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs...
in Ljubljana
Ljubljana
Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 270,000 inhabitants...
and in the Museum of History and Art of Gorizia
Biography
Giuseppe Tominz was born in GoriziaGorizia
Gorizia is a town and comune in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps, bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and it is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin...
as the second of eleven children of Ivano Tominz, an ironmonger, and his wife Marjana, née Janežič. He was educated in an Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
-speaking environment. He attended a primary school run by Piarists
Piarists
The Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools or, in short, Piarists , is the name of the oldest Catholic educational order also known as the Scolopi, Escolapios or Poor Clerics of the Mother of God...
in Gorizia, where he began to learn to paint in the third year. He received his first training as a painter from local artist Karel Keber and probably also from Franc Kavčič. In 1809, he left for Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
with the help of Austria
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
n Archduchess Maria Anna, sister of Emperor Francis I of Austria
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz...
, and count Francesco della Torre. In Rome, he studied painting with Domenico Conti Bizzani and in the Scuola del Nudo at the Accademia di San Luca
Accademia di San Luca
The Accademia di San Luca, was founded in 1577 as an association of artists in Rome, under the directorship of Federico Zuccari, with the purpose of elevating the work of "artists", which included painters, sculptors and architects, above that of mere craftsmen. Other founders included Girolamo...
. In 1814, he was awarded a silver medal for his drawing Study of the Apostople. Two years later, he married Maria Ricci and in 1818, have two son Augusto and Alfredo will become the first director of the museum Revoltella. In the same year, Tominz returned with his family to Gorizia. Of his early artistic works, several anatomical studies, sketches and one of his landscapes View of Vietri, Rieti and the Salerno Bay have survived.
In 1819, Tominz lived for some time in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
. From 1821 to 1823, he lived occasionally in Ljubljana
Ljubljana
Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 270,000 inhabitants...
, where he exhibited his works and painted portraits of nobles, members of the bourgeoisie, religious dignitaries and participants at the Congress of Laibach
Congress of Laibach
The Congress of Laibach was a conference of the allied sovereigns or their representatives, held in 1821 as part of the so-called Concert of Europe, which was the decided attempt of the Great Powers to settle international problems after the Napoleonic Wars through discussion and collective weight...
. Between 1830 and 1855, he lived and worked in Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
. He later moved back to Gorizia, and finally to his estate in Gradišče nad Prvačino
Gradišce nad Prvacino
Gradišče nad Prvačino is a village in western Slovenia in the municipality of Nova Gorica. It is located in the Vipava Valley in the Goriška region and is a satellite settlement of Prvačina....
, where he died in 1866.
Work
Tominz's early works include portraits of members of the nobility and bourgeoisie, but also of simple people. His influence can be seen in the works of the Slovene painters Matevž Langus and Mihael StrojMihael Stroj
Mihael Stroj was a Slovenian painter.-Life:Mihael Stroj was born the fifth of eight children to Anton Stroj and his wife Marija, née Kokal. He spent his childhood in Ljubno in Upper Carniola. In 1812, his mother died of exhaustion...
.
Portraits
The style of Tominz’s portraits was influenced by late ClassicismClassicism
Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained: of the Discobolus Sir Kenneth Clark observed, "if we object to his restraint...
and by the style of Viennese portrait artists of the Biedermeier
Biedermeier
In Central Europe, the Biedermeier era refers to the middle-class sensibilities of the historical period between 1815, the year of the Congress of Vienna at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and 1848, the year of the European revolutions...
period. The people in his portraits have sharp features and clear forms, but despite this the depictions are realistic, sometimes with an ironic touch. The backgrounds are filled with landscapes or the city from which the person depicted originated. Tominc also included objects that hint at the profession or the lifestyle of the person depicted. Inspired by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres was a French Neoclassical painter. Although he considered himself to be a painter of history in the tradition of Nicolas Poussin and Jacques-Louis David, by the end of his life it was Ingres's portraits, both painted and drawn, that were recognized as his greatest...
or Vincenzo Camuccini
Vincenzo Camuccini
Vincenzo Camuccini was an Italian painter of Neoclassic histories and religious paintings. He was considered the premier academic painter of his time in Rome.-Biography:...
, he used cool colours and plastic models of people. He is however best known for his oil painting technique, his precise skills of observation and his rapid style.
Works with religious motives
When depicting religious motives, Tominc relied on graphical templates, the old Italian masters and Nazarene paintersNazarene movement
The name Nazarene was adopted by a group of early 19th century German Romantic painters who aimed to revive honesty and spirituality in Christian art...
. Amongst his numerous sacred works are altars and other pictures for churches in Gorizia
Gorizia
Gorizia is a town and comune in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps, bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and it is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin...
, Prvačina
Prvacina
Prvačina is a village in the Vipava Valley in western Slovenia. It lies within the municipality of Nova Gorica.The Parish Church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Andrew and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.-External links:...
, Aquileia
Aquileia
Aquileia is an ancient Roman city in what is now Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about 10 km from the sea, on the river Natiso , the course of which has changed somewhat since Roman times...
, Kanal ob Soči
Kanal ob Soci
Kanal ob Soči is a town and municipality in Slovenia, established in 1995 by secession from Nova Gorica.The town itself is an important crossing point over the River Soča. The first bridge was built by the Romans. The current bridge was built after World War I. The center of the town was fortified...
, Gradisca d'Isonzo, and elsewhere.
Works
- Woman with White Turban
- Lady with Camellia
- Dr. Frušić with Family
- The Wife of Mayor Sancin
- Countess Cecilia Auersperg
- Three Ladies from the Moscon Family
- Nikola Lazarević
- Marija Lazarević
- Capetan Polić
- Man with Letter (Self-Portrait)
- Self-Portrait at the Window
- Self-Portrait (On the toilet)
- Portrait of Father