Jozef Cíger-Hronský
Encyclopedia
Jozef Cíger-Hronský was a Slovak writer, teacher, publicist, later secretary and manager of the Matica slovenská
Matica slovenská
The Matica slovenská Mother) is Slovakia's public-law cultural and scientific institution focusing on topics around the Slovak nation. It is based in the city of Martin...

.

Life

He was born in 1896 into a central Slovak family of carpenter
Carpenter
A carpenter is a skilled craftsperson who works with timber to construct, install and maintain buildings, furniture, and other objects. The work, known as carpentry, may involve manual labor and work outdoors....

s in Zvolen. He attended schools in Zvolen (1902–07), Krupina
Krupina
Krupina is a town in southern central Slovakia. It is part of the Banská Bystrica Region and has 7,812 inhabitants as of 2005.-History:The territory of modern day Krupina was inhabited since the Neolithic, based on archaeological findings from the Bronze Age. The first written reference to the...

 (1907–10) and finished his education in a Hungarian teacher school in Levice
Levice
Levice is a town in western Slovakia. The town lies on the left bank of the lower Hron river. The Old Slavic name of the town was Leva, which means "the Left One"....

 (1910–14). After that, he was a teacher at various places, with the interruption of 1917–18, when he was sent to the Italian Front
Italian Campaign (World War I)
The Italian campaign refers to a series of battles fought between the armies of Austria-Hungary and Italy, along with their allies, in northern Italy between 1915 and 1918. Italy hoped that by joining the countries of the Triple Entente against the Central Powers it would gain Cisalpine Tyrol , the...

 in the World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

. His first prose came out in the 1920s (novellas and short prose). Aside of being a teacher, he was an editor of the children's magazine called Slniečko (from 1928 until 1945). In 1933 he became a secretary of the Matica slovenská and later in 1940 a manager, where he stayed until 1945. However, he fell under the influence of the Slovak People's Party
Slovak People's Party
The Slovak People's Party was a Slovak right-wing party and was described as a fascist and...

 (ľudáci). From the fear of persecution after defeat of the First Slovak Republic, he emigrated to Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...

, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

 and finally settled in Argentina, where he worked as a designer in a textile factory. There, he established the Matica slovenská Abroad (Zahraničná Matica slovenská) and was a chairman of the Slovak National Council abroad and an honorary chairman of the Association of Slovak Writers and Artists Abroad. He died in 1960 in Luján, Argentina. After the Velvet Revolution
Velvet Revolution
The Velvet Revolution or Gentle Revolution was a non-violent revolution in Czechoslovakia that took place from November 17 – December 29, 1989...

 of 1989 he was rehabilitated in Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...

 and later reburied in 1993 in the National Cemetery in Martin
National Cemetery in Martin
The National Cemetery in Martin, Slovakia is the final resting place of many important personalities of Slovak history. The list includes writers, poets, national activists, pedagogues, etc....

.

Works

Hronský was writing as a realistic
Realism (arts)
Realism in the visual arts and literature refers to the general attempt to depict subjects "in accordance with secular, empirical rules", as they are considered to exist in third person objective reality, without embellishment or interpretation...

 author, but under expressionist
Expressionism
Expressionism was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas...

 influence. (if possible, literal English translations are given)

Prose

  • 1923 - U nás (short story, "At us/At our home")
  • 1925 - Domov (collection of short stories, "Home")
  • 1927 - Žltý dom v Klokočove (novel, "A Yellow House in Klokočov
    Klokocov
    - Czech Republic :*Klokočov, village and municipality in Havlíčkův Brod District*Klokočov, formerly a farm in Benešov District near Bezmíř, Vojkov and Vrchotovy Janovice, now a naturist camping place.- Slovakia :...

    ")
  • 1929 - Medové srdce (collection of short stories, "A Honey Heart")
  • 1930 - Proroctvo doktora Stankovského (novel, "A Prophecy of Doctor Stankovský")
  • 1932 - Chlieb (novel, "Bread")
  • 1932 - Podpolianske rozprávky (collection of short prose, "Fairy tales from under the Poľana
    Polana
    Polana may refer to the following places in Poland:*Polana, Lower Silesian Voivodeship *Polana, Bieszczady County in Subcarpathian Voivodeship *Polana, Opole Voivodeship...

     Mountains", also translated into German)
  • 1933 - Jozef Mak (novel, also translated into English)
  • 1933 - Tomčíkovci (collection of short prose)
  • 1934 - Sedem sŕdc (collection of novellas, "Seven hearts")
  • 1938 - Jarný vietor a iné rozprávky ("The spring wind and other fairy tales")
  • 1939 - Na krížných cestách (novel)
  • 1940 - Cesta slovenskou Amerikou (travel writing, "A journey through the Slovak America")
  • 1940 - Pisár Gráč (novel, "Gráč the Scrivener")
  • 1944 - Na Bukvovom dvore (novel, "At the Bukva's courtyard", also translated into Polish)
  • 1944 - Šmáková mucha (collection of novellas)
  • 1947 - Tri listy
  • 1947 - Predávač talizmanov Liberius Gaius od Porta Colina (a religious novella, "A Talisman merchant Liberius Gaius by/from Port Colin")
  • 1948 - Andreas Búr Majster (novel, "Andreas Búr the Master")
  • 1960 - Svet na trasovisku (novel about the Slovak National Uprising
    Slovak National Uprising
    The Slovak National Uprising or 1944 Uprising was an armed insurrection organized by the Slovak resistance movement during World War II. It was launched on August 29 1944 from Banská Bystrica in an attempt to overthrow the collaborationist Slovak State of Jozef Tiso...

    , "The World on Quagmire")
  • 1997 - Pohár z brúseného skla (collection of short prose, "A cup from cut glass")

  • Drama (comedies)

    • 1926 - Firma Moor ("Moor Company")
    • 1929 - Červený trojuholník ("A red triangle")
    • 1929 - Návrat ("Comeback")

    Children's literature

    • 1924 - Najmladší Závodský ("The youngest Závodský")
    • 1925 - Kremnické povesti ("Tales of Kremnica
      Kremnica
      Kremnica is a town in central Slovakia. It has some 5,700 inhabitants. The well-preserved medieval town built above important gold mines is the site of the oldest still-working mint in the world.-History:...

      ")
    • 1926 - Janko Hrášok
    • 1928 - Pod kozúbkom ("Under a little fireplace")
    • 1930 - Smelý Zajko ("Courageous Hare")
    • 1931 - Smelý Zajko v Afrike ("Courageous Hare in Africa")
    • 1931 - Zakopaný meč (folk tales, "A buried sword")
    • 1932 - Budkáčik a Dubkáčik
    • 1932 - Sokoliar Tomáš ("Thomas the falconer")
    • 1932 - Brondove rozprávky ("Brond's fairy tales")
  • 1932 - Zábavky strýca Kurkovského
  • 1933 - Zlatý dážď ("Golden rain")
  • 1934 - Zlaté hodinky ("Golden watch")
  • 1935 - Strýcovo vrtielko
  • 1936 - Tri rozprávky ("Three fairy tales")
  • 1937 - Zlatovlasá sestra ("A golden-haired sister")
  • 1939 - Budatínski Frgáčovci (folk tales)
  • 1940 - Tri múdre kozliatka ("Three clever little goats")
  • 1941 - Traja bratia ("Three brothers")

  • External links

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