José Oiticica
Encyclopedia
José Rodrigues Oiticica (July 22, 1882 - July 30, 1957), was a Brazil
ian anarchist, poet
, and activist. He was founder and editor of the anarchist journal Direct Action, between 1946 until his death. He also wrote and published several books of poetry.
Son of a senator
, Oiticica was sent to a religious school where he was expelled for rebellion. In 1906 he founded the Latin American Association, where he advocated for a progressive education. Later, as professor, he taught philology
of Portuguese
in the University of Hamburg
(1929 - 1930).
The increasing evolution of his ideas led him to anarchism by 1912. Participating in the Social Studies Center, where he became an active militant libertarian, holding conferences in the unions and participating alongside the workers various activities of social protest and agitation. In 1918 he was arrested and deported for insurrectionary activity involving his call for a general strike
. In 1924 he returned to prison because of his libertarian ideas and anti-military . After Anticlerical League participated in the Rio de Janeiro
. Also during the 1920's the rise of authoritarianism
denounced Bolshevik Russia and the division was created among workers.
In March of 1958 various anarchists established, in his memory, the Center for José Oiticica (CEPJO) in Rio de Janeiro, which operated until October 1969, when it was assaulted, and its members arrested, imprisoned and torture
d.
José Oiticica was the father of photographer José Oiticica Filho (1906 - 1964) and the grandfather of artist Hélio Oiticica
. Both would hold anarchist ideas.
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian anarchist, poet
Poet
A poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
, and activist. He was founder and editor of the anarchist journal Direct Action, between 1946 until his death. He also wrote and published several books of poetry.
Son of a senator
Senate of Brazil
The Federal Senate of Brazil is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. Created by the first Constitution of the Brazilian Empire in 1824, it was inspired by the United Kingdom's House of Lords, but with the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 it became closer to the United States...
, Oiticica was sent to a religious school where he was expelled for rebellion. In 1906 he founded the Latin American Association, where he advocated for a progressive education. Later, as professor, he taught philology
Philology
Philology is the study of language in written historical sources; it is a combination of literary studies, history and linguistics.Classical philology is the philology of Greek and Classical Latin...
of Portuguese
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...
in the University of Hamburg
University of Hamburg
The University of Hamburg is a university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by Wilhelm Stern and others. It grew out of the previous Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen and the Kolonialinstitut as well as the Akademisches Gymnasium. There are around 38,000 students as of the start of...
(1929 - 1930).
The increasing evolution of his ideas led him to anarchism by 1912. Participating in the Social Studies Center, where he became an active militant libertarian, holding conferences in the unions and participating alongside the workers various activities of social protest and agitation. In 1918 he was arrested and deported for insurrectionary activity involving his call for a general strike
General strike
A general strike is a strike action by a critical mass of the labour force in a city, region, or country. While a general strike can be for political goals, economic goals, or both, it tends to gain its momentum from the ideological or class sympathies of the participants...
. In 1924 he returned to prison because of his libertarian ideas and anti-military . After Anticlerical League participated in the Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
. Also during the 1920's the rise of authoritarianism
Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a form of social organization characterized by submission to authority. It is usually opposed to individualism and democracy...
denounced Bolshevik Russia and the division was created among workers.
In March of 1958 various anarchists established, in his memory, the Center for José Oiticica (CEPJO) in Rio de Janeiro, which operated until October 1969, when it was assaulted, and its members arrested, imprisoned and torture
Torture
Torture is the act of inflicting severe pain as a means of punishment, revenge, forcing information or a confession, or simply as an act of cruelty. Throughout history, torture has often been used as a method of political re-education, interrogation, punishment, and coercion...
d.
José Oiticica was the father of photographer José Oiticica Filho (1906 - 1964) and the grandfather of artist Hélio Oiticica
Hélio Oiticica
Hélio Oiticica was a Brazilian visual artist, best known for his participation in the Neo-Concrete group, for his innovative use of color, and for what he later termed "environmental art", which included Parangolés and Penetrables, like the famous Tropicália.- Early work :Oiticica's early works,...
. Both would hold anarchist ideas.