Jose Martinez de Aldunate
Encyclopedia
Bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...

 José Antonio Martínez de Aldunate y Garcés de Marcilla (December 21, 1731 – April 8, 1811) was Chilean Bishop and a member of the First Government Junta of Chile
Government Junta of Chile (1810)
Government Junta of the Kingdom of Chile , also known as the First Government Junta, was the organ established to rule Chile following the deposition and imprisonment of King Ferdinand VII by Napoleon Bonaparte...

.

He was born in Santiago
Santiago, Chile
Santiago , also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile, and the center of its largest conurbation . It is located in the country's central valley, at an elevation of above mean sea level...

, the son of José Martínez de Aldunate Barahona and Rosa Josefa Garcés de Marcilla y Molina. He carried out his first studies in the "Convictorio de San Francisco Javier", and graduated from the Real Universidad de San Felipe, where he obtained doctorates in both laws (Civil and Canonic). At an unspecified later date, he was ordered as a priest in the city of Santiago, and in the same city he became Provisor and General Vicar. In 1758, he was named Cathedral Dean. He also became the Rector of the University.

In 1804, Pope Pius VII named him Bishop of Huamanga
Ayacucho
Ayacucho is the capital city of Huamanga Province, Ayacucho Region, Peru.Ayacucho is famous for its 33 churches, which represent one for each year of Jesus's life. Ayacucho has large religious celebrations, especially during the Holy Week of Easter...

, Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....

, to replace Bishop Francisco de Matienzo y Rivero. He was consecrated by Francisco José Marán, Bishop of Santiago, before travelling to Peru. Five years later, the Regency council promoted him as Bishop of Santiago, being replaced in Huamanga by Bishop José Vicente Silva.

The year 1810 was very complicated politically for the Spanish empire in general, and for Chile in particular. Two years before the King Ferdinand VII had been imprisoned in France. In Chile, the Royal Governor
Royal Governor of Chile
The Royal Governor of Chile ruled over the Spanish colonial administrative district known as the Kingdom of Chile. This district was also called the Captaincy General of Chile, and as a result the Royal Governor also held the title of a Captain General...

 Francisco Antonio García Carrasco
Francisco Antonio García Carrasco
Francisco Antonio García Carrasco Díaz was a Spanish soldier and Royal Governor of Chile. His political relations with Juan Martinez de Rozas and a smuggling scandal involving the frigate Scorpion destroyed what little authority he had, and required that he surrender his post to Mateo de Toro...

 had been forced to resign due to his ineptitude and corruption, and had been replaced by Mateo de Toro y Zambrano
Mateo de Toro y Zambrano
Field Marshal Mateo de Toro Zambrano y Ureta, 1st Count of La Conquista , frequently misnamed Mateo de Toro y Zambrano in many Chilean history publications, was Viscount of La Descubierta and later Count of La Conquista...

.

After Mateo de Toro y Zambrano
Mateo de Toro y Zambrano
Field Marshal Mateo de Toro Zambrano y Ureta, 1st Count of La Conquista , frequently misnamed Mateo de Toro y Zambrano in many Chilean history publications, was Viscount of La Descubierta and later Count of La Conquista...

 took over as Royal Governor, he was convinced to call an open meeting of the leading citizens of the city to decide the political future of the colony. He convened such a meeting for the morning of September 18, 1810. The discussion ended with the conformation of the First Government Junta of Chile
Government Junta of Chile (1810)
Government Junta of the Kingdom of Chile , also known as the First Government Junta, was the organ established to rule Chile following the deposition and imprisonment of King Ferdinand VII by Napoleon Bonaparte...

, of which Bishop Martínez de Aldunate was voted the Vice President. His death in Santiago
Santiago, Chile
Santiago , also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile, and the center of its largest conurbation . It is located in the country's central valley, at an elevation of above mean sea level...

, less than a year later (he was already 79 years old) precluded him from taking a larger role in the independence of Chile.

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