Job of Maniava
Encyclopedia
Job of Maniava, tonsured a monk with the name Ezekiel, born Ivan Knyahynytskyi ' onMouseout='HidePop("68455")' href="/topics/Ukraine">Ukraine
- 30 December 1621) was a Ukrainian Orthodox
saint
and an Orthodox clerical activist.
(now in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
, western Ukraine
). He was educated at the monastery school in Uhniv
(today's Lviv Oblast
) and in Ostroh
.
For some time he taught at Ostrih School
, where he had been invited by nobleman Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski
. In his youth he twice visited Mount Athos
in Greece
. Once in Ostrih he met a monk from Mount Athos, who made so big impression upon him that he left for Athos and for a long time lived in one of the Athonite monasteries. There, in Greece, he was tonsured a monk with the name Ezekiel
.
. Soon other monks joined him, all seeking spiritual ideals. When numbers had increased, Job, not being a priest, started seeking such a monk who would be able to celebrate the services and liturgies. The lot fell upon deacon Theodosius (Theodosius of Maniava), who was a nephew of Job. After having been consecrated as hieromonk
, Theodosius became the first hegumen
of Maniava Skyt. When introducing him to the new post, Job said: "Be pastor and teacher of this flock, gathered by God. You are our hieromonk and confessor, you are worthy to be hegumen and I will help you after my strength as long as I live".
In 1611 he founded Maniavskyi Skyt monastery (Skita
) near the village of Maniava (today in Bohorodchanskyi Raion
, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
).
Saint Job of Maniava maintained friendly relations with Ivan Vyshenskyi
, Zakhariya Zopystenskyi and other Ukrainian church activists. People turned to Saint Job of Maniava in questions regarding purity of faith (the letter of Cyril Tranquilion is known).
Already a decade after the death of his companion and nephew Saint Theodosius of Maniava, Metropolitan
Petro Mohyla
of Kiev
wrote: "Go to Pokuttya
, to the Skyt, there you will find two hundred angels, who live in bodies..."
The Orthodox monastery of Maniava founded by Job was closed down by Austrian
authorities on 1 July 1785. The monastery in Maniava was reestablished with the collapse of communism in Ukraine in the 1990s.
. Likewise, even earlier, in 1994, they have been also canonized by Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate, the canonical Orthodox body in Ukraine.
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
- 30 December 1621) was a Ukrainian Orthodox
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece,...
saint
Saint
A saint is a holy person. In various religions, saints are people who are believed to have exceptional holiness.In Christian usage, "saint" refers to any believer who is "in Christ", and in whom Christ dwells, whether in heaven or in earth...
and an Orthodox clerical activist.
Birth and early years
Saint Job was born as Ivan Knyahynytskyi in the town of TysmenytsiaTysmenytsia
Tysmenytsia is a city, the administrative center of the Tysmenytsia Raion in the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast of western Ukraine. In 1900 as part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Tysmenytsia was in Tłumacz powiat.-Overview:...
(now in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast is an oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. As is the case with most other oblasts of Ukraine this region has the same name as its administrative center – which was renamed by the Soviets after the Ukrainian writer, nationalist...
, western Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
). He was educated at the monastery school in Uhniv
Uhniv
Uhniv is a city in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. Population is 1,021 .Uhniv is the smallest city of Ukraine aside couple of cities in the Zone of alienation in the northern Ukraine. It is part of Sokal Raion and is located 22 km from Belz and 21 km from Rava Ruska. The capital of...
(today's Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv.-History:The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on December 4, 1939...
) and in Ostroh
Ostroh
Ostroh is a historic city located in Rivne Oblast of western Ukraine, located on the Horyn River. Ostroh is the administrative center of the Ostroh Raion and is itself designated as a special administrative subordination within the oblast...
.
For some time he taught at Ostrih School
Ostroh Academy
National University "Ostroh Academy" is a Ukrainian self-governed research university that was re-opened in 1994 by the Presidential Decree of April 12, 1994...
, where he had been invited by nobleman Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski
Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski
Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski was a Lithuanian prince, starost of Volodymyr-Volynskyi, marshal of Volhynia and voivode of the Kiev Voivodeship, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He got married on January 1553 in Tarnów...
. In his youth he twice visited Mount Athos
Mount Athos
Mount Athos is a mountain and peninsula in Macedonia, Greece. A World Heritage Site, it is home to 20 Eastern Orthodox monasteries and forms a self-governed monastic state within the sovereignty of the Hellenic Republic. Spiritually, Mount Athos comes under the direct jurisdiction of the...
in Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
. Once in Ostrih he met a monk from Mount Athos, who made so big impression upon him that he left for Athos and for a long time lived in one of the Athonite monasteries. There, in Greece, he was tonsured a monk with the name Ezekiel
Ezekiel
Ezekiel , "God will strengthen" , is the central protagonist of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible. In Judaism, Christianity and Islam, Ezekiel is acknowledged as a Hebrew prophet...
.
Return to Ukraine (1600)
In 1598, the monk Ezekiel, together with other monks from Athos arrived in Ukraine to collect alms. In 1600-1601 he again returned to Ukraine, this time staying to build up the monastic life. After return from Greece, he reorganised a number of Orthodox monasteries in Ukraine. In 1606 blessed Job settled near Krasnopil at the foothills of the Carpathian MountainsCarpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe...
. Soon other monks joined him, all seeking spiritual ideals. When numbers had increased, Job, not being a priest, started seeking such a monk who would be able to celebrate the services and liturgies. The lot fell upon deacon Theodosius (Theodosius of Maniava), who was a nephew of Job. After having been consecrated as hieromonk
Hieromonk
Hieromonk , also called a Priestmonk, is a monk who is also a priest in the Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholicism....
, Theodosius became the first hegumen
Hegumen
Hegumen, hegumenos, igumen, or ihumen is the title for the head of a monastery of the Eastern Orthodox Church or Eastern Catholic Churches, similar to the one of abbot. The head of a convent of nuns is called hegumenia or ihumenia . The term means "the one who is in charge", "the leader" in...
of Maniava Skyt. When introducing him to the new post, Job said: "Be pastor and teacher of this flock, gathered by God. You are our hieromonk and confessor, you are worthy to be hegumen and I will help you after my strength as long as I live".
In 1611 he founded Maniavskyi Skyt monastery (Skita
Skete
A Skete is a monastic style community that allows relative isolation for monks, but alsoallows for communal services and the safety of shared resources and protection...
) near the village of Maniava (today in Bohorodchanskyi Raion
Bohorodchanskyi Raion
The Bohorodchany raion is a district of the Ivano-Frankivsk Region in Ukraine. A town of Bohorodchany is the administrative center of the district.-Geography:...
, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast is an oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. As is the case with most other oblasts of Ukraine this region has the same name as its administrative center – which was renamed by the Soviets after the Ukrainian writer, nationalist...
).
Saint Job of Maniava maintained friendly relations with Ivan Vyshenskyi
Ivan Vyshenskyi
Ivan Vyshenskyi - Ukrainian orthodox monk and religious philosopher. He is considered to be an important polemicist of the time.-Biography:...
, Zakhariya Zopystenskyi and other Ukrainian church activists. People turned to Saint Job of Maniava in questions regarding purity of faith (the letter of Cyril Tranquilion is known).
Already a decade after the death of his companion and nephew Saint Theodosius of Maniava, Metropolitan
Metropolitan bishop
In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis; that is, the chief city of a historical Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital.Before the establishment of...
Petro Mohyla
Petro Mohyla
Metropolitan Peter was a Metropolitan of Kiev, Halych and All-Rus' from 1633 until his death. He was born into a Moldavian boyar family — the Movileşti — one that gave Moldavia and Wallachia several rulers, including his father, Ieremia Movilă. His mother, Margareta, was a Hungarian noble lady...
of Kiev
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
wrote: "Go to Pokuttya
Pokuttya
Pokuttya or Pokuttia is a historical area of East-Central Europe, between upper Prut and Cheremosh rivers, in modern Ukraine. Historically it was a culturally distinct area inhabitated by Ukrainians and Romanians on the previously unpopulated borderlands between the lands of Lviv and Halych...
, to the Skyt, there you will find two hundred angels, who live in bodies..."
The Orthodox monastery of Maniava founded by Job was closed down by Austrian
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
authorities on 1 July 1785. The monastery in Maniava was reestablished with the collapse of communism in Ukraine in the 1990s.
Canonization and observances
Saint Job and Saint Theodosius of Maniava were canonized at the National Church Council of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Kiev Patriarchate) on 15 July 2004 in KievKiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
. Likewise, even earlier, in 1994, they have been also canonized by Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate, the canonical Orthodox body in Ukraine.
- 7 July - day of SS Job and Saint Theodosius of Maniava, celebrated by Ukrainian Orthodox ChurchUkrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)The Ukrainian Orthodox Church is an autonomous Church of Eastern Orthodoxy in Ukraine, under the ecclesiastic jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate...
.
Sources
- Hayday L. Istorij Ukrajiny v osobach, terminach, nazvach i poniattiach. Lutsk: Vezha, 2000. (Ukrainian)
- Dovidnyk z istoriji Ukrajiny. Za redakcijeju I. Pidkovy ta R. Shusta. Kiev: Geneza, 1993. (Ukrainian)
External links
- Maniava Monastery, photo and history (Ukrainian)
- Blessing of the holy mountain (Ukrainian)
- Icon of Saint Job of Maniava and his life (Ukrainian)