Joanikije I
Encyclopedia
Joanikije I was the fifth Metropolitan of Peć and Archbishop of Serbs
, from when he replaced Archbishop Danilo I
in 1272 to 1276.
He was a disciple of Archbishop Sava II
, when Sava II was still a bishop. Together they went to the Holy Land
and the Holy Mountain (Mount Athos
), from whence they returned to Serbia
.
Joanikije departed again for the Holy Mountain, to Hilandar
monastery. He was an ekonom
of the monastery around 1255/56, until he became the hegumen
in 1257. He left that office around 1262 or 1263.
Upon he return to Serbia, he became the hegumen
of the Studenica monastery
.
After the removal of Archbishop Danilo I
in 1272 due to an unknown transgression, the next Serbian Archbishop
was chosen with care, as evidenced in the writings of Saint Danilo II
: "And because they expected much, they did not find anyone else worthy of such a position, apart from this blessed Joanikije, who at that time was the hegumen of the place of the Virgin Most Holy, the place called Studenica
".
During his time at the head of the Serbian Orthodox Church
, the Byzantine
Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos
, who restored the Byzantine Empire
in 1261, made a tenuous union with the Western Church at the Second Council of Lyon
in 1274. Two years later Stefan Uroš I
was overthrown by his son Stefan Dragutin
, to whom he had not given half his kingdom as he had promised. At that time, Joanikije withdrew with the king, who soon died as monk
Simon. In 1279 in Zahumlje
, Archbishop Joanikije died as well. Their relics were buried in Sopoćani monastery
by the dead king's wife, Queen Hélène d'Anjou.
Patriarch of Serbia
This is a list of the Archbishops and Patriarchs of Peć and the Serbs from the creation of the church as an archdiocese in 1219 to today's Patriarchate. The list includes all the Archbishops and Patriarchs that led the Serbian Orthodox community under Patriarchate of Peć...
, from when he replaced Archbishop Danilo I
Archbishop Danilo I
Danilo I...
in 1272 to 1276.
He was a disciple of Archbishop Sava II
Saint Sava II
Saint Sava II was the 3rd Serbian Archbishop that held office from 1263 until his death in 1271. He was the middle son of King Stephen II Nemanjić and Eudokia Angelina, his two brothers were Stephen Radoslav and Stephen Vladislav I and he had a sister, Komnena Nemanjić...
, when Sava II was still a bishop. Together they went to the Holy Land
Holy Land
The Holy Land is a term which in Judaism refers to the Kingdom of Israel as defined in the Tanakh. For Jews, the Land's identifiction of being Holy is defined in Judaism by its differentiation from other lands by virtue of the practice of Judaism often possible only in the Land of Israel...
and the Holy Mountain (Mount Athos
Mount Athos
Mount Athos is a mountain and peninsula in Macedonia, Greece. A World Heritage Site, it is home to 20 Eastern Orthodox monasteries and forms a self-governed monastic state within the sovereignty of the Hellenic Republic. Spiritually, Mount Athos comes under the direct jurisdiction of the...
), from whence they returned to Serbia
History of Medieval Serbia
Тhe medieval history of Serbia begins in the 5th century AD with the Slavic invasion of the Balkans, and lasts until the Ottoman occupation of 1540.- Slavic invasion :...
.
Joanikije departed again for the Holy Mountain, to Hilandar
Hilandar
Hilandar Monastery is a Serbian Orthodox monastery on Mount Athos in Greece. It was founded in 1198 by the first Serbian Archbishop Saint Sava and his father, Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja of the medieval Serbian principality of Raška...
monastery. He was an ekonom
Oeconomus
Oeconomus, œconomus or oikonomos was an Ancient Greek word meaning 'manager' or 'housekeeper'...
of the monastery around 1255/56, until he became the hegumen
Hegumen
Hegumen, hegumenos, igumen, or ihumen is the title for the head of a monastery of the Eastern Orthodox Church or Eastern Catholic Churches, similar to the one of abbot. The head of a convent of nuns is called hegumenia or ihumenia . The term means "the one who is in charge", "the leader" in...
in 1257. He left that office around 1262 or 1263.
Upon he return to Serbia, he became the hegumen
Hegumen
Hegumen, hegumenos, igumen, or ihumen is the title for the head of a monastery of the Eastern Orthodox Church or Eastern Catholic Churches, similar to the one of abbot. The head of a convent of nuns is called hegumenia or ihumenia . The term means "the one who is in charge", "the leader" in...
of the Studenica monastery
Studenica monastery
The Studenica monastery is a 12th-century Serbian Orthodox monastery situated 39 km southwest of Kraljevo, in central Serbia. It is one of the largest and richest Serb Orthodox monasteries....
.
After the removal of Archbishop Danilo I
Archbishop Danilo I
Danilo I...
in 1272 due to an unknown transgression, the next Serbian Archbishop
Patriarch of Serbia
This is a list of the Archbishops and Patriarchs of Peć and the Serbs from the creation of the church as an archdiocese in 1219 to today's Patriarchate. The list includes all the Archbishops and Patriarchs that led the Serbian Orthodox community under Patriarchate of Peć...
was chosen with care, as evidenced in the writings of Saint Danilo II
Saint Danilo II
Saint Danilo II the Serb is a saint of the Serbian Orthodox Church. He was originally an archbishop during the heyday of the Serb Nemanjić state under Tsar Dušan Silni in the 14th century...
: "And because they expected much, they did not find anyone else worthy of such a position, apart from this blessed Joanikije, who at that time was the hegumen of the place of the Virgin Most Holy, the place called Studenica
Studenica monastery
The Studenica monastery is a 12th-century Serbian Orthodox monastery situated 39 km southwest of Kraljevo, in central Serbia. It is one of the largest and richest Serb Orthodox monasteries....
".
During his time at the head of the Serbian Orthodox Church
Serbian Orthodox Church
The Serbian Orthodox Church is one of the autocephalous Orthodox Christian churches, ranking sixth in order of seniority after Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Russia...
, the Byzantine
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos
Michael VIII Palaiologos
Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus reigned as Byzantine Emperor 1259–1282. Michael VIII was the founder of the Palaiologan dynasty that would rule the Byzantine Empire until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453...
, who restored the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
in 1261, made a tenuous union with the Western Church at the Second Council of Lyon
Second Council of Lyon
The Second Council of Lyon was the fourteenth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, convoked on 31 March 1272 and convened in Lyon, France, in 1274. Pope Gregory X presided over the council, called to act on a pledge by Byzantine emperor Michael VIII to reunite the Eastern church with the West...
in 1274. Two years later Stefan Uroš I
Stefan Uroš I of Serbia
Stefan Uroš I was the King of Serbia from 1243 to 1276, succeeding his brother Stefan Vladislav.-Life:Stephen Uroš was the youngest son of Stefan the First-Crowned and Anna, the granddaughter of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice....
was overthrown by his son Stefan Dragutin
Stefan Dragutin of Serbia
Stephen Dragutin was a 13th and 14th-century Serb monarch, the King of Serbia from 1276 to 1282 and King of Syrmia from 1282 to 1316.He ruled Serbia until his abdication in 1282, when he became ill...
, to whom he had not given half his kingdom as he had promised. At that time, Joanikije withdrew with the king, who soon died as monk
Monk
A monk is a person who practices religious asceticism, living either alone or with any number of monks, while always maintaining some degree of physical separation from those not sharing the same purpose...
Simon. In 1279 in Zahumlje
Zahumlje
Zachlumia or Zahumlje was a medieval principality located in modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia...
, Archbishop Joanikije died as well. Their relics were buried in Sopoćani monastery
Sopocani
The Sopoćani monastery , an endowment of King Stefan Uroš I of Serbia, was built in the second half of the 13th century, near the source of the Raška River in the region of Ras, the centre of the Serbian medieval state. It is World Heritage Site, added in 1979 with Stari Ras...
by the dead king's wife, Queen Hélène d'Anjou.