Jaworzno
Encyclopedia
Jaworzno j is a city
in southern Poland
, near Katowice
. The east district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
- metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Located in the Silesian Highlands
, on the Przemsza
river (tributary of the Vistula).
It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship
since its formation in 1999, previously it was in Katowice Voivodeship
. Jaworzno is one of the cities of the 2,7 million conurbation - Katowice urban area
and within a greater Silesian metropolitan area
populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the city is 95,520 (2008).
topographic region, in the historical region of Silesia
, specifically Upper Silesia
.
(province) effective January 1, 1999 under the Local Government Reorganization Act. Previously, it was attached to the Katowice Voivodeship
(1975–1998) and before that to the Kraków Voivodeship
.
Jaworzno lies in the east of the largest metropolis in Poland and is one of the largest in the European Union
, numbering about 3,5 million. This urban expansion bloomed in the 19th century thanks to the rapid development of the mining and metallurgical industries.
In the year 2006 Jaworzno and 14 neighboring cities formed the multimunicipal structure, the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
. Its population is 2 million and its area is 1,304 km². In 2006 and 2007, the Union made plans to dissolve into a single city under the name "Silesia".
).
(Lesser Poland) to the east, the area was originally under the rule of the bishops of Kraków. After Austria
seized Silesia
at the end of the 17th century, several coal mines were developed near Jaworzno. After the First World War it was included in newly independent Poland.
During the Second World War SS-Lager Dachsgrube, a branch of the German concentration camp of Auschwitz, was established there. This was converted into Central Labour Camp Jaworzno
after the war. It was also a location of several POW camps for the Western Allies
.
Greens, forests, and undeveloped land constitute 60 percent of the town's area. Jaworzno has environmentally valuable areas which as a group present a diversity of landscapes and vegetation as well as a richness of flora
and fauna
. These include the Dolina Zabnika nature reserve, the Dobra Wilkoszyn landscape protection area, the Sasanka natural surface monument, Grodzisko hill, and Sosina lake. Within Jaworzno's boundaries there are 41 plant species under strict protection and 11 under partial protection.
The city of Jaworzno has many sporting facilities at the Europe-wide level and offers a rich variety of educational and cultural activities. The city major arena, the Hala Widowiskowo-Sportowa, can seat 2,500 spectators. The Sosina water sports centre is the venue for the annual Polish water-skiing championships.
with: Karviná
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City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
in southern Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, near Katowice
Katowice
Katowice is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica and Rawa rivers . Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about north of the Silesian Beskids and about southeast of the Sudetes Mountains.It is the central district of the Upper Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 2...
. The east district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
The Metropolitan Association of Upper Silesia or Upper Silesia Metroplex, Silesia Metroplex / Silesia Metroplex is a union of 14 adjacent cities in the Polish province of Silesia....
- metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Located in the Silesian Highlands
Silesian Highlands
Silesian Highlands are highlands located in Silesia and Lesser Poland, Poland. It is the part of Lesser Poland Highlands Its highest point is the Mountain of St. Anne .-See also:...
, on the Przemsza
Przemsza
Przemsza is a river in the south of Poland, a tributary of the Vistula.It originates at the confluence of the Black Przemsza and White Przemsza between the cities of Mysłowice and Jaworzno, and flows about southwards along the towns of Imielin and Chełmek to its mouth northeast of...
river (tributary of the Vistula).
It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...
since its formation in 1999, previously it was in Katowice Voivodeship
Katowice Voivodeship
Katowice Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by the Silesian Voivodeship...
. Jaworzno is one of the cities of the 2,7 million conurbation - Katowice urban area
Katowice urban area
The Katowice urban area, also known as the Upper Silesian urban area, is an urban area/conurbation in southern Poland. It is located in the Silesian Voivodeship and in a small part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The Katowice urban area is the largest urban area in Poland and one of the largest...
and within a greater Silesian metropolitan area
Silesian metropolitan area
The Upper Silesian metropolitan area is the metropolitan area in southern Poland and northeast Czech Republic, centered on the cities of Katowice and Ostrava in Silesia...
populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the city is 95,520 (2008).
Location
Jaworzno is located in the Silesian HighlandsSilesian Highlands
Silesian Highlands are highlands located in Silesia and Lesser Poland, Poland. It is the part of Lesser Poland Highlands Its highest point is the Mountain of St. Anne .-See also:...
topographic region, in the historical region of Silesia
Silesia
Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...
, specifically Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia. Since the 9th century, Upper Silesia has been part of Greater Moravia, the Duchy of Bohemia, the Piast Kingdom of Poland, again of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the Holy Roman Empire, as well as of...
.
Administrative position
Jaworzno was placed into the Silesian VoivodeshipSilesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...
(province) effective January 1, 1999 under the Local Government Reorganization Act. Previously, it was attached to the Katowice Voivodeship
Katowice Voivodeship
Katowice Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by the Silesian Voivodeship...
(1975–1998) and before that to the Kraków Voivodeship
Kraków Voivodeship
Kraków Voivodeship, refers to several historical Voivodeships of Poland in the surrounding regions, with the city of Kraków as its capital.- Kraków Voivodeship 1975-1998 :...
.
Jaworzno lies in the east of the largest metropolis in Poland and is one of the largest in the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
, numbering about 3,5 million. This urban expansion bloomed in the 19th century thanks to the rapid development of the mining and metallurgical industries.
In the year 2006 Jaworzno and 14 neighboring cities formed the multimunicipal structure, the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
The Metropolitan Association of Upper Silesia or Upper Silesia Metroplex, Silesia Metroplex / Silesia Metroplex is a union of 14 adjacent cities in the Polish province of Silesia....
. Its population is 2 million and its area is 1,304 km². In 2006 and 2007, the Union made plans to dissolve into a single city under the name "Silesia".
Climate
The climate of the area is continental humid. The annual average temperature is 8 degrees Celsius (January average -1.7 °C and July average 17.7 °C). Yearly rainfall averages at 750 mm, the most rainy month being July. The area's characterisitc weak winds blow at about 2 m/s from the west (Moravian GateMoravian Gate
The Moravian Gate is a geomorphological feature in the Moravian region of the Czech Republic. It is formed by the depression between the Carpathian Mountains in the east and the Sudetes in the west...
).
Districts
- Bory
- Byczyna
- Cezarówka
- Ciężkowice
- Dąbrowa Narodowa
- Długoszyn
- Dobra
- Gigant
- Góra Piasku
- Jeleń (Deer)
- Jeziorki
- Koźmin
- Niedzieliska
- Pieczyska
- Siłownia
- Podwale
- Stare Miasto
- Szczakowa
- Śródmieście
- Wilkoszyn
- Wysoki Brzeg
- Osiedle Stale
History
The first known mention of Jaworzno was in the 13th century. Historically linked with MalopolskaLesser Poland
Lesser Poland is one of the historical regions of Poland, with its capital in the city of Kraków. It forms the southeastern corner of the country, and should not be confused with the modern Lesser Poland Voivodeship, which covers only a small, southern part of Lesser Poland...
(Lesser Poland) to the east, the area was originally under the rule of the bishops of Kraków. After Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
seized Silesia
Silesia
Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...
at the end of the 17th century, several coal mines were developed near Jaworzno. After the First World War it was included in newly independent Poland.
During the Second World War SS-Lager Dachsgrube, a branch of the German concentration camp of Auschwitz, was established there. This was converted into Central Labour Camp Jaworzno
Central Labour Camp Jaworzno
Central Labour Camp Jaworzno was a concentration camp in Jaworzno, Poland. It operated from 1943 until 1956, first run by Nazi Germany and then by the Soviet Union with the People's Republic of Poland...
after the war. It was also a location of several POW camps for the Western Allies
Western Allies
The Western Allies were a political and geographic grouping among the Allied Powers of the Second World War. It generally includes the United Kingdom and British Commonwealth, the United States, France and various other European and Latin American countries, but excludes China, the Soviet Union,...
.
Environment
Flora
Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life. The corresponding term for animals is fauna.-Etymology:...
and fauna
Fauna
Fauna or faunæ is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is flora.Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "Sonoran Desert fauna" or the "Burgess shale fauna"...
. These include the Dolina Zabnika nature reserve, the Dobra Wilkoszyn landscape protection area, the Sasanka natural surface monument, Grodzisko hill, and Sosina lake. Within Jaworzno's boundaries there are 41 plant species under strict protection and 11 under partial protection.
Media
- TV Station
- CTv Jaworzno
- Newspapers
- Co Tydzień
- Tydzień w Jaworznie
- Żółty Jeż
- Extra
- Sokół Jaworznicki
Sport and culture
Famous people from Jaworzno
- Paweł Sarna
- Wojciech Saługa
- Andrzej Stalmach
- Basia Trzetrzelewska
- Jan UrbanJan UrbanJan Urban is a Polish football manager and former player. Currently, he is coaching Polish club Zagłębie Lubin.-Club:...
- Bogdan Wołkowski
- Shelomo Selinger
- Andrzej KarwetaAndrzej KarwetaAndrzej Karweta was Vice Admiral of the Polish Navy and its commander-in-chief from November 2007 until his death in April 2010 in the Smolensk air crash..-Biography:...
Twin towns — Sister cities
Jaworzno is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Karviná
Karviná
Karviná is a city in Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic, on the Olza River. It is administrative center of Karviná District. Karviná lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and is one of the most important coal mining centers in the Czech Republic. Together with neighboring...
Szigethalom
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- External links :*...