Janusz Jedrzejewicz
Encyclopedia
Janusz Jędrzejewicz (ˈjanuʂ jɛndʐɛˈjevit͡ʂ; 21 June 1885 – 16 March 1951) was a Polish
politician and educator, a leader of the Sanacja
political group, and Prime Minister of Poland from 1933 to 1934.
in 1904. After World War I
broke out, he joined the Polish Legions
and the Polish Military Organization. In 1918 he joined the Polish Army and served as aide
to Piłsudski. In 1919 he was transferred to Section II (Intelligence)
at the Lithuanian-Belarusian Front Headquarters, and later to the General Staff.
After the Polish-Bolshevik War, in 1923 Jędrzejewicz became a politician. He was elected a deputy to the Polish Sejm
(1928–35) and later a senator. In 1930–1935 he was vice-president of the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (BBWR). From 12 August 1931, to 22 February 1934, he served as minister of education. He introduced a reform of Poland's educational system that came to be named, after him, "Jędrzejewicz's Reform." From 10 May 1933, to 13 May 1934, he was Prime Minister of Poland.
In 1926 he founded the monthly, Wiedza i Życie. In 1929 he organized a teachers' union, Zrąb, and other educational societies, including the Polish Academy of Literature. He was also co-author of the 1935 Polish Constitution. After Piłsudski's death in 1935, he opposed the Camp of National Unity (OZN, Ozon) and the right wing of the Sanacja
movement, and retired from political life.
After the Soviet
invasion during the Polish Defensive War
of 1939, he fled to Romania
and later through Palestine to London. In 1948 he was chosen to be head of Liga Niepodległości Polski, a political party in exile. He died in 1951.
He was a brother of Wacław Jędrzejewicz and married Cezaria Baudouin de Courtenay Ehrenkreutz Jędrzejewiczowa
, a pioneer of ethnography in Poland.
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
politician and educator, a leader of the Sanacja
Sanacja
Sanation was a Polish political movement that came to power after Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 Coup d'État. Sanation took its name from his watchword—the moral "sanation" of the Polish body politic...
political group, and Prime Minister of Poland from 1933 to 1934.
Life
He joined Józef Piłsudski's Polish Socialist PartyPolish Socialist Party
The Polish Socialist Party was one of the most important Polish left-wing political parties from its inception in 1892 until 1948...
in 1904. After World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
broke out, he joined the Polish Legions
Polish Legions in World War I
Polish Legions was the name of Polish armed forces created in August 1914 in Galicia. Thanks to the efforts of KSSN and the Polish members of the Austrian parliament, the unit became an independent formation of the Austro-Hungarian Army...
and the Polish Military Organization. In 1918 he joined the Polish Army and served as aide
Aide
Aide may refer to:* A person who assists another; an assistant. In military contexts; an officer who acts as assistant to a more senior one; an aide-de-camp.* Aide , a purported Basque deity....
to Piłsudski. In 1919 he was transferred to Section II (Intelligence)
Military intelligence
Military intelligence is a military discipline that exploits a number of information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to commanders in support of their decisions....
at the Lithuanian-Belarusian Front Headquarters, and later to the General Staff.
After the Polish-Bolshevik War, in 1923 Jędrzejewicz became a politician. He was elected a deputy to the Polish Sejm
Sejm
The Sejm is the lower house of the Polish parliament. The Sejm is made up of 460 deputies, or Poseł in Polish . It is elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the Marshal of the Sejm ....
(1928–35) and later a senator. In 1930–1935 he was vice-president of the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (BBWR). From 12 August 1931, to 22 February 1934, he served as minister of education. He introduced a reform of Poland's educational system that came to be named, after him, "Jędrzejewicz's Reform." From 10 May 1933, to 13 May 1934, he was Prime Minister of Poland.
In 1926 he founded the monthly, Wiedza i Życie. In 1929 he organized a teachers' union, Zrąb, and other educational societies, including the Polish Academy of Literature. He was also co-author of the 1935 Polish Constitution. After Piłsudski's death in 1935, he opposed the Camp of National Unity (OZN, Ozon) and the right wing of the Sanacja
Sanacja
Sanation was a Polish political movement that came to power after Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 Coup d'État. Sanation took its name from his watchword—the moral "sanation" of the Polish body politic...
movement, and retired from political life.
After the Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
invasion during the Polish Defensive War
Invasion of Poland (1939)
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War in Poland and the Poland Campaign in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the start of World War II in Europe...
of 1939, he fled to Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
and later through Palestine to London. In 1948 he was chosen to be head of Liga Niepodległości Polski, a political party in exile. He died in 1951.
He was a brother of Wacław Jędrzejewicz and married Cezaria Baudouin de Courtenay Ehrenkreutz Jędrzejewiczowa
Cezaria Baudouin de Courtenay Ehrenkreutz Jedrzejewiczowa
Cezaria Anna Baudouin de Courtenay Ehrenkreutz-Jędrzejewiczowa was a Polish scientist, art historian and anthropologist. She was one of the pioneers of ethnology in Poland and one of the first scientists to adopt phenomenology in studies on the folk culture.She was born August 2, 1885 in Dorpat ,...
, a pioneer of ethnography in Poland.
Honours and awards
- Silver Cross of Virtuti MilitariVirtuti MilitariThe Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari is Poland's highest military decoration for heroism and courage in the face of the enemy at war...
- Cross of Independence with Swords
- Cross of Valour – twice
- Order of Polonia Restituta
- Order of the Cross of the EagleOrder of the Cross of the EagleThe Order of the Cross of the Eagle was instituted in 1928 by the Estonian Defence League to commemorate the tenth anniversary of Estonian independence. It was adopted as a state order in 1936.The Order of the Cross of the Eagle is bestowed to give recognition for military services and services...
, First Class (Estonia, 1938)