Izabela Fleming
Encyclopedia
Princess Izabela Czartoryska (née Countess Fleming; 3 March 1746 – 15 July 1835) was a Polish
noble lady, writer, art collector, and founder of the first Polish museum, the Czartoryski Museum
in Kraków
.
.
On 18 November 1761, in Wołczyn, she married Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski, thus becoming a princess.
She was rumored to have had an affair
with the Russian ambassador to Poland, Nikolai Vasilyevich Repnin, who was alleged to have fathered Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
.http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0195161009&id=oMpmAjRFh88C&pg=PA210&lpg=PA210&dq=repnin+Czartoryski&vq=Repnin+illegitimate+son&sig=wcrYcFQ3pRoLjA_WFYokW4nTv7M.
In Paris
in 1772 she met Benjamin Franklin
, a subsequent leader of the American Revolution
, and the French philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau
and Voltaire
, who were bringing new ideas to the old order.
In 1775 she completely transformed (together with her husband) the Czartoryski Palace at Puławy into an intellectual and political meeting place.
Izabela discovered the talent of the young painter Aleksander Orłowski and financed him.
In 1784 she joined the Patriotic Party
. After the suppression of the Kościuszko Uprising
, her sons Adam Jerzy
and Konstanty Adam
were taken as political hostages by Russia's Empress Catherine II
.
In 1796 Izabela ordered the rebuilding of the ruined palace at Puławy and began a museum. Among the first objects to be included were Turkish
trophies that had been seized by Polish King Jan III Sobieski's forces at the 1683 Battle of Vienna
. Also included were Polish royal treasures and historic Polish family heirlooms.
In 1801 Izabela opened the first museum in Poland, the Temple of the Sibyl
, also called "The Temple of Memory." It contained objects of sentimental importance pertaining to the glories and miseries of human life. During the November Uprising
in 1830, the museum was closed. Izabela's son Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
, going into exile in Paris
, France
, evacuated the museum's surviving objects to the Hôtel Lambert
. His son Władysław Czartoryski would reopen the museum in 1878 in Kraków, where it exists today.
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
noble lady, writer, art collector, and founder of the first Polish museum, the Czartoryski Museum
Czartoryski Museum
The Czartoryski Museum and Library is a museum located in Kraków, Poland, founded in Puławy in 1796 by Princess Izabela Czartoryska. The Puławy collections were partly destroyed after the November uprising of 1830–1831 and the subsequent confiscation of the Czartoryskis' property by the Russians...
in Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
.
Life
She was the daughter of Count Jerzy Detloff Fleming and Princess Antonina CzartoryskaAntonina Czartoryska
Princess Antonina Czartoryska was a Polish-Lithuanian noble lady.Antonina was married to Jerzy Detloff Fleming on February 13, 1744 in Warsaw....
.
On 18 November 1761, in Wołczyn, she married Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski, thus becoming a princess.
She was rumored to have had an affair
Affair
Affair may refer to professional, personal, or public business matters or to a particular business or private activity of a temporary duration, as in family affair, a private affair, or a romantic affair.-Political affair:...
with the Russian ambassador to Poland, Nikolai Vasilyevich Repnin, who was alleged to have fathered Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski was a Polish-Lithuanian noble, statesman and author. He was the son of Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and Izabela Fleming....
.http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0195161009&id=oMpmAjRFh88C&pg=PA210&lpg=PA210&dq=repnin+Czartoryski&vq=Repnin+illegitimate+son&sig=wcrYcFQ3pRoLjA_WFYokW4nTv7M.
In Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
in 1772 she met Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
Dr. Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, musician, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat...
, a subsequent leader of the American Revolution
American Revolution
The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America...
, and the French philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-century Romanticism. His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological and educational thought.His novel Émile: or, On Education is a treatise...
and Voltaire
Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet , better known by the pen name Voltaire , was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil liberties, including freedom of religion, free trade and separation of church and state...
, who were bringing new ideas to the old order.
In 1775 she completely transformed (together with her husband) the Czartoryski Palace at Puławy into an intellectual and political meeting place.
Izabela discovered the talent of the young painter Aleksander Orłowski and financed him.
In 1784 she joined the Patriotic Party
Patriotic Party
The Patriotic Party , also known as the Patriot Party or, in English, as the Reform Party, was a political movement in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the period of the Four-Year Sejm of 1788–92, whose chief achievement was the Constitution of 3 May 1791...
. After the suppression of the Kościuszko Uprising
Kosciuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising was an uprising against Imperial Russia and the Kingdom of Prussia led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland, Belarus and Lithuania in 1794...
, her sons Adam Jerzy
Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski was a Polish-Lithuanian noble, statesman and author. He was the son of Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and Izabela Fleming....
and Konstanty Adam
Konstanty Adam Czartoryski
Prince Konstanty Adam Czartoryski was a Polish szlachcic. Colonel since 1809 in the Duchy of Warsaw and Brigadier General since 1815 in Congress Poland....
were taken as political hostages by Russia's Empress Catherine II
Catherine II of Russia
Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great , Empress of Russia, was born in Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia on as Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg...
.
In 1796 Izabela ordered the rebuilding of the ruined palace at Puławy and began a museum. Among the first objects to be included were Turkish
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
trophies that had been seized by Polish King Jan III Sobieski's forces at the 1683 Battle of Vienna
Battle of Vienna
The Battle of Vienna took place on 11 and 12 September 1683 after Vienna had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months...
. Also included were Polish royal treasures and historic Polish family heirlooms.
In 1801 Izabela opened the first museum in Poland, the Temple of the Sibyl
Temple of the Sibyl
The Temple of the Sibyl is a colonnaded round monopteral temple-like structure at Puławy, Poland, built in the late 18th century as a museum by Izabela Czartoryska.-History:...
, also called "The Temple of Memory." It contained objects of sentimental importance pertaining to the glories and miseries of human life. During the November Uprising
November Uprising
The November Uprising , Polish–Russian War 1830–31 also known as the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when the young Polish officers from the local Army of the Congress...
in 1830, the museum was closed. Izabela's son Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski was a Polish-Lithuanian noble, statesman and author. He was the son of Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and Izabela Fleming....
, going into exile in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, evacuated the museum's surviving objects to the Hôtel Lambert
Hôtel Lambert
Hôtel Lambert is a hôtel particulier, a grand mansion townhouse, on the Quai Anjou on the eastern tip of the Île Saint-Louis, Paris IVème; the name, Hôtel Lambert, was a sobriquet that designated a 19th-century political faction of Polish exiles, who gathered there.-Architectural history:The house...
. His son Władysław Czartoryski would reopen the museum in 1878 in Kraków, where it exists today.
Works
- Myśli różne o sposobie zakładania ogrodów (1805)
- Pielgrzym w Dobromilu, czyli nauki wiejskie (ca. 1818)