Ixodes is a genus

Genus

In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

 of hard-bodied tick

Tick

Ticks are small arachnids in the order Ixodida, along with mites, constitute the subclass Acarina. Ticks are ectoparasites , living by hematophagy on the blood of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians...

s (family Ixodidae

Ixodidae

Ixodidae is a family of ticks containing the hard ticks.-Description:They are distinguished from the other main family of ticks, the soft ticks by the presence of a scutum or hard shield...

). It includes important disease vectors of animals and humans (tick-borne disease

Tick-borne disease

Tick-borne diseases are diseases or illnesses transmitted by ticks. As the incidence of tick-borne illnesses increases and the geographic areas in which they are found expand, it becomes increasingly important that health professionals be able to distinguish the diverse, and often overlapping,...

). Some ticks in this genus may transmit the pathogenic bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi is a species of Gram negative bacteria of the spirochete class of the genus Borrelia. B. burgdorferi is predominant in North America, but also exists in Europe, and is the agent of Lyme disease....

responsible for causing Lyme disease

Lyme disease

Lyme disease, or Lyme borreliosis, is an emerging infectious disease caused by at least three species of bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is the main cause of Lyme disease in the United States, whereas Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii cause most...

. Additional organisms that may be transmitted by Ixodes are parasites from the genus Babesia

Babesia

Babesia is a protozoan parasite of the blood that causes a hemolytic disease known as Babesiosis. There are over 100 species of Babesia identified; however only a handful have been documented as pathogenic in humans....

which cause babesiosis

Babesiosis

Babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with Babesia, a genus of protozoal piroplasms. After trypanosomes, Babesia are thought to be the second most common blood parasites of mammals and they can have a major impact on health of domestic animals in areas without severe...

, and bacteria from the related genera Ehrlichia

Ehrlichia

Ehrlichia is a genus of rickettsiales bacteria. They are transmitted by ticks. Several species can cause infection in humans. The genus is named after German microbiologist Paul Ehrlich...

which cause ehrlichiosis

Ehrlichiosis

Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne disease of dogs usually caused by the organism Ehrlichia canis. Ehrlichia canis is the pathogen of animals. Humans can become infected by E. canis and other species after tick exposure. German Shepherd dogs are thought to be particularly affected by the disease, other...

 and Anaplasma

Anaplasma

Anaplasma is a genus of rickettsiales bacteria.Anaplasmas reside in host red blood cells and lead to the disease anaplasmosis. The disease most commonly occurs in tropical areas of the world....

which cause anaplasmosis

Anaplasmosis

Anaplasmosis is a disease caused by a rickettsial parasite of ruminants, Anaplasma spp. The organism occurs in the white blood cells and is transmitted by natural means through a number of haematophagous species of ticks...

.

Species

• Ixodes abrocomae Lahille, 1916
• Ixodes acuminatus Neumann 1901
• Ixodes acutitarsus Karsch, 1880
• Ixodes affinis
  Ixodes affinis
  Ixodes affinis is a species of tick in the genus Ixodes. Some reported hosts are:*Thryothorus ludovicianus *Blarina carolinensis *Scalopus aquaticus *Odocoileus virginianus...
  
  Neumann, 1899
• Ixodes albignaci Uilenberg & Hoogstraal , 1969
• Ixodes alluaudi Neumann, 1913
• Ixodes amarali Fonseca 1935
• Ixodes amersoni Kohls, 1966
• Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904
• Ixodes andinus Kohls, 1956
• Ixodes angustus Neumann 1899
• Ixodes antechini Roberts, 1960
• Ixodes apronophorus Schulze 1924
• Ixodes arabukiensis Arthur, 1959
• Ixodes aragaoi Fonseca, 1935
• Ixodes arboricola
  Ixodes arboricola
  Ixodes arboricola, also called the tree-hole tick, is a species of parasitic tick that parasitises small passerine birds. It is among the most common species on the House Sparrow....
  
  Schulze & Schlottke, 1930
• Ixodes arebiensis Arthur, 1956
• Ixodes asanumai Kitaoka 1973
• Ixodes aulacodi Arthur, 1956
• Ixodes auriculaelongae Arthur, 1958
• Ixodes auritulus Neumann 1904
• Ixodes australiensis Neumann, 1904
• Ixodes baergi Cooley & Kohls, 1942
• Ixodes bakeri Arthur & Clifford, 1961
• Ixodes banksi Bishopp, 1911
• Ixodes bedfordi Arthur, 1959
• Ixodes bequaerti Cooley & Kohls, 1945
• Ixodes berlesei Birula, 1895
• Ixodes bivari Santos Dias, 1990
• Ixodes boliviensis Neumann, 1904
• Ixodes brewsterae Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
• Ixodes browningi Arthur, 1956
• Ixodes brumpti Morel, 1965
• Ixodes brunneus
  Ixodes brunneus
  Ixodes brunneus is a species of tick in the genus Ixodes. It is normally a parasite of birds, but has also been recorded on the marsh rice rat .-Literature cited:...
  
  Koch, 1844
• Ixodes calcarhebes Arthur & Zulu, 1980
• Ixodes caledonicus Nuttall 1910
• Ixodes canisuga Johnston, 1849
• Ixodes capromydis Cerny, 1966
• Ixodes catherinei Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
• Ixodes cavipalpus Nuttall & Warburton 1908
• Ixodes ceylonensis Kohls, 1950
• Ixodes chilensis Kohls, 1956
• Ixodes colasbelcouri Arthur, 1957
• Ixodes collocaliae Schulze, 1937
• Ixodes columnae Takada & Fujita, 1992
• Ixodes conepati Cooley & Kohls, 1943
• Ixodes confusus Roberts, 1960
• Ixodes cookei
  Ixodes cookei
  Ixodes cookei is a species of tick in the genus Ixodes. It is normally a parasite of carnivorans, such as raccoons, foxes, and weasels, but has also been recorded on the groundhog and the marsh rice rat...
  
  Packard, 1869
• Ixodes cooleyi Aragão & Fonseca, 1951
• Ixodes copei Wilson, 1980
• Ixodes cordifer Neumann, 1908
• Ixodes cornuae Arthur, 1960
• Ixodes cornuatus Roberts, 1960
• Ixodes corwini Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
• Ixodes crenulatus Koch, 1844
• Ixodes cuernavacensis Kohls & Clifford, 1966
• Ixodes cumulatimpunctatus Schulze, 1943
• Ixodes dampfi Cooley, 1943
• Ixodes daveyi Nuttall, 1913
• Ixodes dawesi Arthur, 1956
• Ixodes dendrolagi Wilson, 1967
• Ixodes dentatus Marx, 1899
• Ixodes dicei Keirans & Ajohda, 2003
• Ixodes diomedeae Arthur, 1958
• Ixodes diversifossus Neumann, 1899
• Ixodes djaronensis Neumann, 1907
• Ixodes domerguei Uilenberg & Hoogstraal, 1965
• Ixodes downsi Kohls, 1957
• Ixodes drakensbergensis Clifford, Theiler & Baker, 1975
• Ixodes eadsi Kohls & Clifford, 1964
• Ixodes eastoni Keirans & Clifford, 1983
• Ixodes eichhorni Nuttall 1916
• Ixodes eldaricus Dzhaparidze, 1950
• Ixodes elongatus Bedford, 1929
• Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885
• Ixodes euplecti Arthur, 1958
• Ixodes evansi Arthur, 1956
• Ixodes fecialis Warburton & Nuttall, 1909
• Ixodes festai Rondelli 1926
• Ixodes filippovae Cerny, 1961
• Ixodes fossulatus Neumann, 1899
• Ixodes frontalis Panzer, 1798
• Ixodes fuscipes Koch, 1844
• Ixodes galapagoensis Clifford & Hoogstraal, 1980
• Ixodes ghilarovi Filippova & Panova, 1988
• Ixodes gibbosus Nuttall, 1916
• Ixodes granulatus Supino, 1897
• Ixodes gregsoni Lindquist, Wu & Redner, 1999
• Ixodes guatemalensis Kohls, 1956
• Ixodes hearlei Gregson, 1941
• Ixodes heinrichi Arthur, 1962
• Ixodes hexagonus
  Ixodes hexagonus
  Ixodes hexagonus is a tick species in the genus Ixodes. It is a parasite of the European Hedgehog....
  
  Leach 1815
• Ixodes himalayensis Dhanda & Kulkarni, 1969
• Ixodes hirsti Hassall, 1931
• Ixodes holocyclus Neumann, 1899
• Ixodes hoogstraali
  Ixodes hoogstraali
  Ixodes hoogstraali is a species of tick endemic to the higher mountains of southwestern Arabia. The type specimens were collected at elevation near Ma'bar, Yemen, on king jirds , trapped beside a well in dry fields on a rocky plateau...
  
  Arthur, 1955
• Ixodes howelli Cooley & Kohls, 1938
• Ixodes hyatti Clifford, Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1971
• Ixodes hydromyidis Swan, 1931
• Ixodes jacksoni Hoogstraal, 1967
• Ixodes jellisoni Cooley & Kohls, 1938
• Ixodes jonesae Kohls, Sonenshine & Clifford, 1969
• Ixodes kaiseri Arthur, 1957
• Ixodes kashimiricus Pomerantsev, 1948
• Ixodes kazakstani Olenev & Sorokoumov, 1934
• Ixodes kerguelenensis André & Colas-Belcour, 1942
• Ixodes kingi Bishopp, 1911
• Ixodes kohlsi Arthur, 1955
• Ixodes kopsteini Oudemans, 1926
• Ixodes kuntzi Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1965
• Ixodes laguri Olenev, 1931
• Ixodes lasallei Méndez Arocha & Ortiz, 1958
• Ixodes latus Arthur, 1958
• Ixodes laysanensis Wilson, 1964
• Ixodes lemuris Arthur, 1958
• Ixodes lewisi Arthur, 1965
• Ixodes lividus Koch, 1844
• Ixodes longiscutatus Boero 1944
• Ixodes loricatus Neumann 1899
• Ixodes loveridgei Arthur, 1958
• Ixodes luciae Sénevet, 1940
• Ixodes lunatus Neumann, 1907
• Ixodes luxuriosus Schulze, 1932

• Ixodes macfarlanei Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
• Ixodes malayensis Kohls, 1962
• Ixodes marmotae Cooley & Kohls, 1938
• Ixodes marxi Banks, 1908
• Ixodes maslovi Emel'yanova & Kozlovskaya, 1967
• Ixodes matopi Spickett, Keirans, Norval & Clifford, 1981
• Ixodes mexicanus Cooley & Kohls, 1942
• Ixodes minor
  Ixodes minor
  Ixodes minor is a species of tick in the genus Ixodes. Some reported hosts are:*Cardinalis cardinalis *Seiurus noveboracensis *Thryothorus ludovicianus *Zonotrichia albicollis...
  
  Neumann, 1902
• Ixodes minutae Arthur, 1959
• Ixodes mitchelli Kohls, Clifford & Hoogstraal, 1970
• Ixodes monospinosus Saito, 1968
• Ixodes montoyanus Cooley, 1944
• Ixodes moreli Arthur 1957
• Ixodes moscharius Teng, 1982
• Ixodes moschiferi Nemenz 1968
• Ixodes muniensis Arthur & Burrow, 1957
• Ixodes muris Bishopp & Smith, 1937
• Ixodes murreleti Cooley & Kohls, 1945
• Ixodes myospalacis Teng, 1986
• Ixodes myotomys Clifford & Hoogstraal, 1970
• Ixodes myrmecobii Roberts, 1962
• Ixodes nairobiensis Nuttall, 1916
• Ixodes nchisiensis Arthur, 1958
• Ixodes nectomys Kohls, 1956
• Ixodes neitzi Clifford, Walker & Keirans, 1977
• Ixodes nesomys Uilenberg & Hoogstraal, 1969
• Ixodes neuquenensis Ringuelet 1947
• Ixodes nicolasi Santos Dias, 1981
• Ixodes nipponensis Kitaoka & Saito, 1967
• Ixodes nitens Neumann, 1904
• Ixodes nuttalli Lahille, 1913
• Ixodes nuttallianus Schulze, 1930
• Ixodes occultus Pomerantsev, 1946
• Ixodes ochotonae Gregson, 1941
• Ixodes okapiae Arthur, 1956
• Ixodes oldi Nuttall 1913
• Ixodes ornithorhynchi Lucas, 1846
• Ixodes ovatus Neumann, 1899
• Ixodes pacificus
  Ixodes pacificus
  Ixodes pacificus, the Western blacklegged tick, is a species of Ixodes, a parasitic tick found on the western coast of North America. It is the principal vector of Lyme Disease in that region....
  
  Cooley & Kohls, 1943
• Ixodes paranaensis Barros-Battesti, Arzua, Pichorim & Keirans, 2003
• Ixodes pararicinus Keirans & Clifford, 1985
• Ixodes pavlovskyi Pomerantsev, 1946
• Ixodes percavatus Neumann, 1906
• Ixodes peromysci Augustson, 1940
• Ixodes persulcatus
  Ixodes persulcatus
  Ixodes persulcatus, the taiga tick, is a species of hard-bodied tick distributed throughout eastern Europe and Asia to the People’s Republic of China and Japan. The sexual dimorphism of the species is marked, the male being much smaller than the female...
  
  Schulze 1930
• Ixodes petauristae Warburton 1933
• Ixodes philipi Keirans & Kohls, 1970
• Ixodes pilosus Koch, 1844
• Ixodes pomerantzi Kohls, 1956
• Ixodes pomeranzevi Serdyukova, 1941
• Ixodes priscicollaris Schulze, 1932
• Ixodes procaviae Arthur & Burrow, 1957
• Ixodes prokopjevi Emel'yanova, 1979
• Ixodes radfordi Kohls, 1948
• Ixodes rageaui Arthur, 1958
• Ixodes randrianasoloi Uilenberg & Hoogstraal, 1969
• Ixodes rangtangensis Teng, 1973
• Ixodes rasus Neumann, 1899
• Ixodes redikorzevi Olenev, 1927
• Ixodes rhabdomysae Arthur, 1959
• Ixodes ricinus
  Ixodes ricinus
  Ixodes ricinus, the castor bean tick, is a chiefly European species of hard-bodied tick. It may reach a length of when engorged with a blood meal, and can transmit both bacterial and viral pathogens such as the causative agents of Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis.-Description:In common...
  
  Linnaeus, 1758
• Ixodes rothschildi Nuttall & Warburton, 1911
• Ixodes rotundatus Arthur, 1958
• Ixodes rubicundus Neumann, 1904
• Ixodes rubidus Neumann, 1901
• Ixodes rugicollis Schulze & Schlottke, 1930
• Ixodes rugosus Bishopp 1911
• Ixodes sachalinensis Filippova, 1971
• Ixodes scapularis
  Ixodes scapularis
  Ixodes scapularis is commonly known as the deer tick or blacklegged tick , and in some parts of the USA as the bear tick. It is a hard-bodied tick of the eastern and northern Midwestern United States...
  
  Say 1821
• Ixodes schillingsi Neumann, 1901
• Ixodes schulzei Aragão & Fonseca, 1951
• Ixodes sculptus Neumann, 1904
• Ixodes semenovi Olenev, 1929
• Ixodes shahi Clifford, Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1971
• Ixodes siamensis Kitaoka & Suzuki, 1983
• Ixodes sigelos Keirans, Clifford & Corwin, 1976
• Ixodes signatus Birula, 1895
• Ixodes simplex Neumann, 1906
• Ixodes sinaloa Kohls & Clifford, 1966
• Ixodes sinensis Teng, 1977
• Ixodes soricis Gregson, 1942
• Ixodes spinae Arthur, 1958
• Ixodes spinicoxalis Neumann, 1899
• Ixodes spinipalpis Hadwen & Nuttall, 1916
• Ixodes steini Schulze, 1932
• Ixodes stilesi Neumann 1911
• Ixodes stromi Filippova, 1957
• Ixodes subterranus Filippova, 1961
• Ixodes succineus Weidner, 1964
• Ixodes taglei Kohls 1969
• Ixodes tamaulipas Kohls & Clifford, 1966
• Ixodes tancitarius Cooley & Kohls, 1942
• Ixodes tanuki Saito, 1964
• Ixodes tapirus Kohls, 1956
• Ixodes tasmani Neumann, 1899
• Ixodes tecpanensis Kohls, 1956
• Ixodes tertiarius Scudder, 1885
• Ixodes texanus
  Ixodes texanus
  Ixodes texanus is a species of tick in the genus Ixodes. It mainly infects raccoons , but has also been recorded on the marsh rice rat in Georgia.-Literature cited:...
  
  Banks, 1909
• Ixodes theilerae Arthur, 1953
• Ixodes thomasae Arthur & Burrow, 1957
• Ixodes tiptoni Kohls & Clifford, 1962
• Ixodes tovari Cooley, 1945
• Ixodes transvaalensis Clifford & Hoogstraal, 1966
• Ixodes trianguliceps Birula 1895
• Ixodes trichosuri Roberts, 1960
• Ixodes tropicalis Kohls, 1956
• Ixodes turdus Nakatsuji, 1942
• Ixodes ugandanus Neumann, 1906
• Ixodes unicavatus Neumann, 1908
• Ixodes uriae
  Ixodes uriae
  Ixodes uriae is a species of parasitic tick, known to infect marine birds. It is native to many high latitude areas in the northern and southern hemispheres including Alaska, Canada, Iceland, Greenland, England, Scotland, Norway, Finland, the Kola Peninsula, Russia, Patagonia, South Africa and...
  
  White, 1852
• Ixodes vanidicus Schulze, 1943
• Ixodes venezuelensis Kohls, 1953
• Ixodes ventalloi Gil Collado, 1936
• Ixodes vespertilionis Koch, 1844
• Ixodes vestitus Neumann, 1908
• Ixodes victoriensis Nuttall 1916
• Ixodes walkerae Clifford, Kohls & Hoogstraal, 1968
• Ixodes werneri Kohls, 1950
• Ixodes woodi Bishopp 1911
• Ixodes zaglossi Kohls, 1960
• Ixodes zairensis Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
• Ixodes zumpti Arthur, 1960