Integrated Dynamics
Encyclopedia
Integrated Dynamics is a private company in Pakistan
that designs, manufactures and exports various types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). ID also provides consultancy and turn-key project commissioning for UAV
systems.
, Spain
, South Korea
and Libya
.
According to ID officials, development work in the tactical segment potentially allows the company to supply sub-systems and components, such as airframes, to other UAV manufacturers and users. This potential market is being pursued alongside full systems development.
A low altitude, short range surveillance UAV intended for monitoring national borders, introduced in 2003. Border Eagle Mk II is the latest updated version.
The Desert Hawk project was started in late 2003 to fulfil a requirement of the Pakistan Army
, with the first prototype flying in late 2004. Designed to be capable of unpowered and powered flight using either an internal combustion engine or electric motor, the Desert Hawk looks much like the L-3 Communications
-BAI Aerosystems Javelin UAV. Endurance of the Desert Hawk is approximately 2 hours. The standard system comprises a portable ground station and two UAVs. The line-of-sight
data-link communication system is designed to get around terrain-masking problems by using one UAV as a communications relay station while the other UAV performs the mission. This capability was demonstrated in 2005 during the flight trials programme. Latest version is the Desert Hawk Mk II.
Integrated Dynamics began development of the Firefly mini-rocket UAV in late 2004 in response to the Pakistan Army
operational requirements for a high speed, short range observation system that could be used in the high-altitude environments of northern Pakistan
. A basic system costs around $3,000 and comprises four rockets, launcher, carry case, data-link and a PDA-based ground control station.
The Firefly is powered by a commercially available miniature solid fuel rocket motor that gives a flight time of approximately 8 seconds. The UAV can cover 800-1,000 m (2,600-3,300 ft) before disintegrating on impact with the ground. The airframe
is constructed from PVC
plastic with glass-fibre fins for stabilisation. The payload is a fixed focal-length disposable CCD video camera and a 1.5 GHz L-band data-link. The UAV is launched by a hand-held "gun". Flight testing for the system began in mid-2005 and Firefly sub-systems were being used to support the development of a hand-launched micro-UAV.
The new micro-UAV, based on a 200 mm (8 in) flying wing constructed from vacuum-moulded plastic, was due to start flight-testing in 2006. The micro-UAV is estimated to have a range of 1 km and endurance of approximately 30 minutes.
A high speed aerial target/decoy drone. Latest version is the Nishan Mk II.
A small high speed decoy UAV system powered by a mini-turbojet. Can function as a pre-strike decoy or aerial target and has autonomous navigation capability. Latest version is Tornado Mk 1.
during the previous 2 years, although the deal may have been limited to airframes only rather than complete systems. According to a statement by the ID Chief Executive, Rasa Sabir Khan, the Border Eagle Mk II is one of ID's most popular airframes and approximately 15-20 airframes have been exported to five countries, total value being $300,000.
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Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
that designs, manufactures and exports various types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). ID also provides consultancy and turn-key project commissioning for UAV
Unmanned aerial vehicle
An unmanned aerial vehicle , also known as a unmanned aircraft system , remotely piloted aircraft or unmanned aircraft, is a machine which functions either by the remote control of a navigator or pilot or autonomously, that is, as a self-directing entity...
systems.
Background
Integrated Dynamics supplies UAV platforms, flight control systems, C4I systems, data-links, payloads, ground support equipment and other accessories such as auxiliary power units, starters, battery management systems and launch/recovery systems. The company develop UAV models for both civilian and military uses on a 90,000 m² site, claiming to be "one of the largest UAV-dedicated R&D and manufacturing enterprises." ID has exported products to the USA, AustraliaAustralia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, South Korea
South Korea
The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
and Libya
Libya
Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
.
Systems development
Integrated Dynamics claims that the bulk of its avionics and mission systems, including data and communications links, have been developed in-house. However, for smaller UAVs, ID is working with Colorado-based UAV Flight Systems to meet autopilot requirements.According to ID officials, development work in the tactical segment potentially allows the company to supply sub-systems and components, such as airframes, to other UAV manufacturers and users. This potential market is being pursued alongside full systems development.
Civilian products
- Border Eagle
A low altitude, short range surveillance UAV intended for monitoring national borders, introduced in 2003. Border Eagle Mk II is the latest updated version.
Military products
- Desert Hawk
The Desert Hawk project was started in late 2003 to fulfil a requirement of the Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...
, with the first prototype flying in late 2004. Designed to be capable of unpowered and powered flight using either an internal combustion engine or electric motor, the Desert Hawk looks much like the L-3 Communications
L-3 Communications
L-3 Communications Holdings, Inc. is a company that supplies command and control, communications, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance systems and products, avionics, ocean products, training devices and services, instrumentation, space, and navigation products. Its customers include...
-BAI Aerosystems Javelin UAV. Endurance of the Desert Hawk is approximately 2 hours. The standard system comprises a portable ground station and two UAVs. The line-of-sight
Line-of-sight propagation
Line-of-sight propagation refers to electro-magnetic radiation or acoustic wave propagation. Electromagnetic transmission includes light emissions traveling in a straight line...
data-link communication system is designed to get around terrain-masking problems by using one UAV as a communications relay station while the other UAV performs the mission. This capability was demonstrated in 2005 during the flight trials programme. Latest version is the Desert Hawk Mk II.
- Firefly
Integrated Dynamics began development of the Firefly mini-rocket UAV in late 2004 in response to the Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army is the branch of the Pakistani Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The Pakistan Army came into existence after the Partition of India and the resulting independence of Pakistan in 1947. It is currently headed by General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani. The Pakistan...
operational requirements for a high speed, short range observation system that could be used in the high-altitude environments of northern Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
. A basic system costs around $3,000 and comprises four rockets, launcher, carry case, data-link and a PDA-based ground control station.
The Firefly is powered by a commercially available miniature solid fuel rocket motor that gives a flight time of approximately 8 seconds. The UAV can cover 800-1,000 m (2,600-3,300 ft) before disintegrating on impact with the ground. The airframe
Airframe
The airframe of an aircraft is its mechanical structure. It is typically considered to include fuselage, wings and undercarriage and exclude the propulsion system...
is constructed from PVC
PVC
Polyvinyl chloride is a plastic.PVC may also refer to:*Param Vir Chakra, India's highest military honor*Peripheral venous catheter, a small, flexible tube placed into a peripheral vein in order to administer medication or fluids...
plastic with glass-fibre fins for stabilisation. The payload is a fixed focal-length disposable CCD video camera and a 1.5 GHz L-band data-link. The UAV is launched by a hand-held "gun". Flight testing for the system began in mid-2005 and Firefly sub-systems were being used to support the development of a hand-launched micro-UAV.
The new micro-UAV, based on a 200 mm (8 in) flying wing constructed from vacuum-moulded plastic, was due to start flight-testing in 2006. The micro-UAV is estimated to have a range of 1 km and endurance of approximately 30 minutes.
- Nishan
A high speed aerial target/decoy drone. Latest version is the Nishan Mk II.
- Tornado
A small high speed decoy UAV system powered by a mini-turbojet. Can function as a pre-strike decoy or aerial target and has autonomous navigation capability. Latest version is Tornado Mk 1.
Exports
In late 2006 it was confirmed by ID that a number of Border Eagle Mk II UAVs had been supplied to LibyaLibya
Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
during the previous 2 years, although the deal may have been limited to airframes only rather than complete systems. According to a statement by the ID Chief Executive, Rasa Sabir Khan, the Border Eagle Mk II is one of ID's most popular airframes and approximately 15-20 airframes have been exported to five countries, total value being $300,000.
See also
- Unmanned Aerial VehicleUnmanned aerial vehicleAn unmanned aerial vehicle , also known as a unmanned aircraft system , remotely piloted aircraft or unmanned aircraft, is a machine which functions either by the remote control of a navigator or pilot or autonomously, that is, as a self-directing entity...
- Miniature UAVsMiniature UAVsA miniature UAV or Small UAV , is an unmanned aerial vehicle small enough to be man-portable.Miniature UAVs range from micro air vehicles that can be carried by an infantryman, to man-portable UAVs that can be carried and launched like an infantry anti-aircraft missile.-MAVs & mesicopters:The...
Related lists
External links
News articles
- Dawn newspaper article - Drones Made in Pakistan
- FlightGlobal.com - Asian UAV industry: Grand Plans (Firefly mini-rocket UAV)
- The Daily (a Pakistani newspaper) - Pakistan's private sector emerges with indigenous UAV technology
Other articles