Independent Radicals
Encyclopedia
The Independent Radicals were a center-right French political current during the French Third Republic
, which refused the Radical-Socialist Party's alliance to the Left. It was formed after the fall of the first Cartel des gauches
, in 1926. Starting in 1928, the group of the Independent Radicals refused to support left-wing majorities. The majority of the Chamber of Deputies between the two Cartels (from 1928 to 1932) stood on the Independent Radicals, who thus had a say in most cabinets.
In 1930, the Independent Radical Raoul Péret
became Minister of Justice
in André Tardieu
's cabinet. He was incidentally the cause of his fall because of his personal links with the banker Albert Oustric.
In the National Assembly
, the Independent Radicals sat in the Radical Left (Gauche radicale) parliamentary group, close to the centre-right Democratic Alliance
. In 1936, the parliamentary group composed of most AD
parliamentarians took the name Alliance of Left Republicans and Independent Radicals (ARGRI). However, Pierre-Étienne Flandin's attempt to unify these forces ultimately failed, the Radical Left group being replaced by the Democratic and Independent Radical Left (Gauche démocratique et radicale indépendante).
In the Senate
, the Independent Radicals sat in the Democratic and Radical Union
(Union démocratique et radicale) parliamentary group.
In 1938, André Grisoni (former vice-president of the Radical-Socialist Party and later member of Marcel Déat
's National Popular Rally
, RNP) and leader of the short-lived French Radical Party merged with the Comités radicaux unionistes in the Independent Radical Party (PRI).
After the Liberation of France, several deputies, including the mayor of Nice
, Jean Médecin
, formed an Independent Radical Party (PRI), which took part in the creation to the Rally of the Republican Left coalition.
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic was the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France...
, which refused the Radical-Socialist Party's alliance to the Left. It was formed after the fall of the first Cartel des gauches
Cartel des Gauches
The Cartel des gauches was the name of the governmental alliance between the Radical-Socialist Party and the socialist French Section of the Workers' International after World War I , which lasted until the end of the Popular Front . The Cartel des gauches twice won general elections, in 1924 and...
, in 1926. Starting in 1928, the group of the Independent Radicals refused to support left-wing majorities. The majority of the Chamber of Deputies between the two Cartels (from 1928 to 1932) stood on the Independent Radicals, who thus had a say in most cabinets.
In 1930, the Independent Radical Raoul Péret
Raoul Péret
Raoul Adolphe Péret was a French lawyer and politician.-Biography:Raoul Péret was born in Châtellerault , son of a magistrate. He followed his father into the law, becoming an advocate at the Court of Cassation in Paris. In 1893 he served as an aide to Justice Minister Eugène Guérin...
became Minister of Justice
Minister of Justice (France)
The Ministry of Justice is controlled by the French Minister of Justice , a top-level cabinet position in the French government. The current Minister of Justice is Michel Mercier...
in André Tardieu
André Tardieu
André Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu was three times Prime Minister of France and a dominant figure of French political life in 1929-1932.-Biography:...
's cabinet. He was incidentally the cause of his fall because of his personal links with the banker Albert Oustric.
In the National Assembly
French National Assembly
The French National Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic. The upper house is the Senate ....
, the Independent Radicals sat in the Radical Left (Gauche radicale) parliamentary group, close to the centre-right Democratic Alliance
Democratic Republican Alliance
The Democratic Republican Alliance was a French political party created in 1901 by followers of Léon Gambetta, such as Raymond Poincaré who would be president of the Council in the 1920s...
. In 1936, the parliamentary group composed of most AD
Democratic Republican Alliance
The Democratic Republican Alliance was a French political party created in 1901 by followers of Léon Gambetta, such as Raymond Poincaré who would be president of the Council in the 1920s...
parliamentarians took the name Alliance of Left Republicans and Independent Radicals (ARGRI). However, Pierre-Étienne Flandin's attempt to unify these forces ultimately failed, the Radical Left group being replaced by the Democratic and Independent Radical Left (Gauche démocratique et radicale indépendante).
In the Senate
French Senate
The Senate is the upper house of the Parliament of France, presided over by a president.The Senate enjoys less prominence than the lower house, the directly elected National Assembly; debates in the Senate tend to be less tense and generally enjoy less media coverage.-History:France's first...
, the Independent Radicals sat in the Democratic and Radical Union
Democratic and Radical Union
The Democratic and Radical Union was a French parliamentary group in the French Senate during the French Third Republic. The Democratic and Radical Union was formed by members of the Independent Radicals and other Radical Senators who did not join or left the Radical-Socialist Party.The group...
(Union démocratique et radicale) parliamentary group.
In 1938, André Grisoni (former vice-president of the Radical-Socialist Party and later member of Marcel Déat
Marcel Déat
Marcel Déat was a French Socialist until 1933, when he initiated a spin-off from the French Section of the Workers' International along with other right-wing 'Neosocialists'. He then founded the collaborationist National Popular Rally during the Vichy regime...
's National Popular Rally
National Popular Rally
The National Popular Rally was one of the main Collaborationist parties under the Vichy regime of World War II. It was created in February 1941 by Marcel Déat and was heavily inspired by Fascism.- February-October 1941: the RNP-MNR period :...
, RNP) and leader of the short-lived French Radical Party merged with the Comités radicaux unionistes in the Independent Radical Party (PRI).
After the Liberation of France, several deputies, including the mayor of Nice
Nice
Nice is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of more than 955,000 on an area of...
, Jean Médecin
Jean Médecin
Jean Médecin was a French lawyer and politician. He was Mayor of Nice, France from 1928 to 1943 and from 1947 to 1965, and the father of Jacques Médecin, who succeeded him as mayor until 1990.- Before the war :...
, formed an Independent Radical Party (PRI), which took part in the creation to the Rally of the Republican Left coalition.
Members
- Lucien Besset, deputy from 1928 to 1936
- Laurent BonnevayLaurent BonnevayLaurent Bonnevay was a radical centrist French politician during the Third and Fourth Republics, first member of the Republican Federation and then of the Independent Radicals center-right group....
, Minister of JusticeMinister of Justice (France)The Ministry of Justice is controlled by the French Minister of Justice , a top-level cabinet position in the French government. The current Minister of Justice is Michel Mercier...
in Aristide BriandAristide BriandAristide Briand was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic and received the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize.- Early life :...
's cabinet in 1921-22, President of the Investigation Commission on the February 6, 1934 events which led to the fall of the Second Cartel des gauchesCartel des GauchesThe Cartel des gauches was the name of the governmental alliance between the Radical-Socialist Party and the socialist French Section of the Workers' International after World War I , which lasted until the end of the Popular Front . The Cartel des gauches twice won general elections, in 1924 and...
, and one of the Vichy 80. - Gratien CandaceGratien CandaceGratien Candace was a politician from Guadeloupe who served in the French National Assembly from 1912-1942 and served as vice president of the French National Assembly from 1938-1940 .- references :*...
, deputy of GuadeloupeGuadeloupeGuadeloupe is an archipelago located in the Leeward Islands, in the Lesser Antilles, with a land area of 1,628 square kilometres and a population of 400,000. It is the first overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. As with the other overseas departments, Guadeloupe...
who sat in the Left Radical parliamentary group from 1928 to 1940, vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies from 1938 to 1940. - Pierre Cathala
- Horace de Carbuccia, founder of GringoireGringoire (newspaper)Gringoire was a political and literary weekly newspaper in France, founded in 1928 by Horace de Carbuccia , Georges Suarez and Joseph Kessel....
in 1928, and married to the prefect of police Jean ChiappeJean ChiappeJean Baptiste Pascal Eugène Chiappe was a high-ranking French civil servant.Chiappe was director of the Sûreté générale in the 1920s. He was subsequently given the post of Préfet de police in the 1930s, in which role he was very popular...
's daughter-in-law, deputy of CorsicaCorsicaCorsica is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is located west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia....
from 1932 to 1936. - Adolphe Chéron, under-secretary of state of the Minister of Education in Camille Chautemps's cabinet (November 1933-1934)
- Charles Daniélou, Minister in Camille ChautempsCamille ChautempsCamille Chautemps was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic, three times President of the Council .-Career:Described as "intellectually bereft", Chautemps nevertheless entered politics and became Mayor of Tours in 1912, and a Radical deputy in 1919...
's (1930), Théodore SteegThéodore SteegThéodore Steeg was a French politician of the Third Republic, deputy of the Seine from 1906 to 1914 and senator of the same department from 1914 to 1940....
's (1931–32) and Édouard DaladierÉdouard DaladierÉdouard Daladier was a French Radical politician and the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War.-Career:Daladier was born in Carpentras, Vaucluse. Later, he would become known to many as "the bull of Vaucluse" because of his thick neck and large shoulders and determined...
's cabinets (1932–33) - Adrien Dariac (short-lived Minister of AgricultureMinister of Agriculture (France)The Ministry of Agriculture and Fishing of France is the governmental body charged with regulation and policy, for agriculture, fisheries, forestry and food.The department is headquartered in Hotel Villeroy, at No...
in Alexandre RibotAlexandre RibotAlexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot was a French politician, four times Prime Minister.-Biography:He was born in Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais.After a brilliant academic career at the University of Paris, where he was lauréat of the faculty of law, he rapidly made his mark at the bar...
's cabinet, from 9 to 12 June 1914) - Maurice Deligne, under-secretary of state of the Minister of the Marine in André TardieuAndré TardieuAndré Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu was three times Prime Minister of France and a dominant figure of French political life in 1929-1932.-Biography:...
's cabinet (1929–1930) and Minister of Public WorksMinister of Public Works (France)The Minister of Public Works was a cabinet member in the Government of France. Formerly known as "Ministre des Travaux Publics" , in 1870, it was largely subsumed by the position of Minister of Transportation. Since the 1960s, the positions of Minister of Public Works has reappeared, often...
in Pierre LavalPierre LavalPierre Laval was a French politician. He was four times President of the council of ministers of the Third Republic, twice consecutively. Following France's Armistice with Germany in 1940, he served twice in the Vichy Regime as head of government, signing orders permitting the deportation of...
's three successive cabinets (1931–1932). - Henri Falcoz, deputy of SavoieSavoieSavoie is a French department located in the Rhône-Alpes region in the French Alps.Together with the Haute-Savoie, Savoie is one of the two departments of the historic region of Savoy that was annexed by France on June 14, 1860, following the signature of the Treaty of Turin on March 24, 1860...
- André Grisoni, former vice-president of the Radical-Socialist Party
- Gaston Gourdeau, deputy of the SartheSartheSarthe is a French department, named after the Sarthe River.- History :The department was created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790, pursuant to the law of December 22, 1789, starting from a part of the province of Maine which was divided into two departments, Sarthe to the east and...
from 1928 to 1936 - Joseph Lecacheux, deputy of the MancheMancheManche is a French department in Normandy named after La Manche , which is the French name for the English Channel.- History :Manche is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790...
who sits with the Independent Radicals from 1936 to 1940, and one of the Vichy 80. - André Mallarmé, deputy of French Algeria, sits with the IR from 1928 to 1936, held ministerial offices
- Jacques Masteau
- Jacques MédecinJacques MédecinJacques Médecin was a French politician. A member of the Gaullist RPR, he served as mayor of the city of Nice from 1966 to 1990...
, former mayor of Nice - Paul Jourdain, senator in the Radical and Democratic Union (UDR) parliamentary group, Minister of War Veterans and of Labour
- Gaston ThomsonGaston ThomsonGaston Thomson was a French politician born January 29, 1848 in Oran and died May 14, 1932, at Bône .He was a member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the Department of Constantine for fifty years and three months...
, Minister of the Navy in Georges ClemenceauGeorges ClemenceauGeorges Benjamin Clemenceau was a French statesman, physician and journalist. He served as the Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909, and again from 1917 to 1920. For nearly the final year of World War I he led France, and was one of the major voices behind the Treaty of Versailles at the...
's and Maurice RouvierMaurice RouvierMaurice Rouvier was a French statesman.He was born in Aix-en-Provence, and spent his early career in business at Marseille. He supported Léon Gambetta's candidature there in 1867, and in 1870 he founded an anti-imperial journal, L'Egalité. Becoming secretary general of the prefecture of...
's cabinets and deputy of ConstantineConstantine, AlgeriaConstantine is the capital of Constantine Province in north-eastern Algeria. It was the capital of the same-named French département until 1962. Slightly inland, it is about 80 kilometres from the Mediterranean coast, on the banks of Rhumel river...
in AlgeriaFrench rule in AlgeriaFrench Algeria lasted from 1830 to 1962, under a variety of governmental systems. From 1848 until independence, the whole Mediterranean region of Algeria was administered as an integral part of France, much like Corsica and Réunion are to this day. The vast arid interior of Algeria, like the rest...
from 1877 to 1932. - Constant Verlot, mayor of Sennot and deputy of Saint-Dié from 1910 to his death in 1933.