Hyderabadi Urdu
Encyclopedia
Hyderabadi Urdu is a dialect of Urdu spoken in the India
n region of Hyderabad State
(now Telengana, parts of Karnataka
and Maharashtra
) and its diaspora. It is also known as Deccani Urdu from its former name Hyderabad Deccan. It contain loan words from Arabic
, Turkish
, Indo-Aryan languages
(such as Persian
, Urdu, Hindi, and Marathi
), and Dravidian languages such as Telugu
.
was introduced in the Deccan region during Alauddin Khilji
invasion inbetween 1295 AD to 1316 Ad. It became more popular in deccan during and after Muhammad bin Tughluq
shifted the Sultanate
capital from Delhi
and made the kingdom capital to the city of Daulatabad
in 1327 AD. Revolting against the Sultanate
was formed Bahmani Sultanate
in 1347 AD making Daulatabad
as its sultanate capital which was later shifted to Gulbargah and in 1430 the capital atlast moved to Bidar
, Bahmani Sultanate
existed for around 150 years, and expanded almost into the entire South India
(which was then named as Deccan). All these circumstances of shifting of power, moving of capitals and expansion of sultanate created a growing atmosphere for the Urdu language of Delhi, which was then came to be known as Deccani and received patronage from its rulers, though it was known with other names such as Hinduastani, Zaban Hinduastani, Dehalvi and Hindawi. The sufi's during those periods were the earliest to use Deccani in written form. The earliest available manuscript record is Kadam Rao Padam Rao
a Masnavi of Fakhruddin Nizami, written during 1421-1434 AD. When Bahmani Sultanate
split (1483-1518) into five new kingdoms Deccani gained a de facto court language status and it was widely written and popularized by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
and Ibrahim Adil Shah II
, were great patron of regional literature, arts and culture.
When Mughals took over Deccan many notable personalities, secular and religious settled in the Deccan, have caused the language to spread through the borders that now form parts of Andhra Pradesh
, Karnataka
, Maharashtra
and Tamil Nadu
. One such poet of Mughal
region was Wali Deccani (1667–1707), the first established poet to have composed Ghazal
s and compiled a divan (a collection of ghazals where the entire alphabet is used at least once as the last letter to define the rhyme pattern). When Nizams declared suzerainty over Deccan Suba in 1724 AD, Deccani was apparently benefited literary growth by creating more centres of patronage and economic development, in 1883 Urdu Language of Deccan was declared as state Language and remained until Nizam
s came to an end in 1948 AD.
Languages. Marathi
had a good influence after Urdu
, Arabic, Persian
and Turkish
.
Linguistically, it is notable for its mixing of the Indo-Aryan languages
of the North
(Hindustani
) with the Dravidian languages
of the South
(Telugu
and Marathi
). This dialect can be understood very easily by most Hindi
or Urdu - speakers, but it is difficult for non-native speakers to use it themselves.
Some differences are:
in which the characters use the dialect. The film's success sparked several further Hyderabadi dialect films including: Kal ka Nawab, Hyderabad Nawaabs
, Aadab Hyderabad,Gullu Dada, Gullu Dada returns, Berozgaar, Hungama In Dubai
.
long before 2006, in the sixteys ie 1960- 1965 film star Mehmood had pouparised the hyderabadi slang in indian fims.
also we must not forget that Osmania University had adopted Udru as the medium of instruction as early as 1923
and it was discontinued after the fall of hyderabad in 1948.
A very famous guiness record holder drama /stage comedy written in dakhni is Adrak Ke Punjey
.
Many Urdu poets also write in the Hyderabadi dialect, including Pagal Adilabadi
, Khwamakhwa and Nukko Hyderabadi (of Chicago, Illinois).
kaiku ki kya nae ki(i don't know why)
chodo miya ( take it easy )
light lo (ignore)
aba pheka marra (making things up)
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n region of Hyderabad State
Hyderabad State
-After Indian independence :When India gained independence in 1947 and Pakistan came into existence in 1947, the British left the local rulers of the princely states the choice of whether to join one of the new dominions or to remain independent...
(now Telengana, parts of Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...
and Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...
) and its diaspora. It is also known as Deccani Urdu from its former name Hyderabad Deccan. It contain loan words from Arabic
Arabic language
Arabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...
, Turkish
Turkish language
Turkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,...
, Indo-Aryan languages
Indo-Aryan languages
The Indo-Aryan languages constitutes a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, itself a branch of the Indo-European language family...
(such as Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
, Urdu, Hindi, and Marathi
Marathi language
Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are over 68 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi has the fourth largest number of native speakers in India and is the fifteenth most...
), and Dravidian languages such as Telugu
Telugu language
Telugu is a Central Dravidian language primarily spoken in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, where it is an official language. It is also spoken in the neighbouring states of Chattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa and Tamil Nadu...
.
History
The Urdu language from DelhiDelhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
was introduced in the Deccan region during Alauddin Khilji
Alauddin Khilji
Ali Gurshap Khan better known by his titular name as Sultan Ala-ud-din Khilji was the second ruler of the Turko-Afghan Khilji dynasty in India.He was a well and capable ruler. He belonged to the Afghanized Turkic tribe of the Khiljis...
invasion inbetween 1295 AD to 1316 Ad. It became more popular in deccan during and after Muhammad bin Tughluq
Muhammad bin Tughluq
Muhammad bin Tughluq was the Turkic Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351. He was the eldest son of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq.He was born in Kotla Tolay Khan in Multan. His wife was daughter of the raja of Dipalpur...
shifted the Sultanate
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate is a term used to cover five short-lived, Delhi based kingdoms or sultanates, of Turkic origin in medieval India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty...
capital from Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
and made the kingdom capital to the city of Daulatabad
Daulatabad
Daulatabad , is a 14th century fort city in Maharashtra, India, about 16 kilometers northwest of Aurangabad...
in 1327 AD. Revolting against the Sultanate
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate is a term used to cover five short-lived, Delhi based kingdoms or sultanates, of Turkic origin in medieval India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty...
was formed Bahmani Sultanate
Bahmani Sultanate
The Bahmani Sultanate was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms...
in 1347 AD making Daulatabad
Daulatabad
Daulatabad , is a 14th century fort city in Maharashtra, India, about 16 kilometers northwest of Aurangabad...
as its sultanate capital which was later shifted to Gulbargah and in 1430 the capital atlast moved to Bidar
Bidar
Bidar is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the north-eastern part of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of the Bidar District....
, Bahmani Sultanate
Bahmani Sultanate
The Bahmani Sultanate was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms...
existed for around 150 years, and expanded almost into the entire South India
South India
South India is the area encompassing India's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area...
(which was then named as Deccan). All these circumstances of shifting of power, moving of capitals and expansion of sultanate created a growing atmosphere for the Urdu language of Delhi, which was then came to be known as Deccani and received patronage from its rulers, though it was known with other names such as Hinduastani, Zaban Hinduastani, Dehalvi and Hindawi. The sufi's during those periods were the earliest to use Deccani in written form. The earliest available manuscript record is Kadam Rao Padam Rao
Kadam Rao Padam Rao
Kadam Rao Padam Rao is the earliest available manuscript in Deccani Urdu masnavi of 4000 lines, written during 1421-1434 AD, by Fakhruddin Nizami of Bidar....
a Masnavi of Fakhruddin Nizami, written during 1421-1434 AD. When Bahmani Sultanate
Bahmani Sultanate
The Bahmani Sultanate was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms...
split (1483-1518) into five new kingdoms Deccani gained a de facto court language status and it was widely written and popularized by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah was the fifth sultan of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golkonda in south India. He founded the city of Bhagyanagar i.e. Hyderabad - Hyderabad, India and built its architectural centerpiece, the Charminar...
and Ibrahim Adil Shah II
Ibrahim Adil Shah II
Ibrahim Adil Shah II , of the Adil Shahi dynasty, was the king of Bijapur Sultanate.-Early life:Ali Adil Shah's father, Ibrahim Adil Shah I's had divided power between the Sunni nobles, the Habshis and the Deccanis...
, were great patron of regional literature, arts and culture.
When Mughals took over Deccan many notable personalities, secular and religious settled in the Deccan, have caused the language to spread through the borders that now form parts of Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh , is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city by population is Hyderabad.The total GDP of Andhra Pradesh is $100 billion and is ranked third...
, Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...
, Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...
and Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh...
. One such poet of Mughal
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
region was Wali Deccani (1667–1707), the first established poet to have composed Ghazal
Ghazal
The ghazal is a poetic form consisting of rhyming couplets and a refrain, with each line sharing the same meter. A ghazal may be understood as a poetic expression of both the pain of loss or separation and the beauty of love in spite of that pain. The form is ancient, originating in 6th century...
s and compiled a divan (a collection of ghazals where the entire alphabet is used at least once as the last letter to define the rhyme pattern). When Nizams declared suzerainty over Deccan Suba in 1724 AD, Deccani was apparently benefited literary growth by creating more centres of patronage and economic development, in 1883 Urdu Language of Deccan was declared as state Language and remained until Nizam
Nizam
Nizam-ul-Mulk of Hyderabad popularly known as Nizams of Hyderabad was a former monarchy of the Hyderabad State, now in the states of Andhra Pradesh , Karnataka , and Maharashtra in India...
s came to an end in 1948 AD.
Linguistic
In Hyderabad Deccan's historic past, Mughals had great influence on the region attributing to the mix and introduction of more words from Middle easternMiddle East
The Middle East is a region that encompasses Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is often used as a synonym for Near East, in opposition to Far East...
Languages. Marathi
Marathi language
Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are over 68 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi has the fourth largest number of native speakers in India and is the fifteenth most...
had a good influence after Urdu
Urdu
Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
, Arabic, Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
and Turkish
Turkish language
Turkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,...
.
Linguistically, it is notable for its mixing of the Indo-Aryan languages
Indo-Aryan languages
The Indo-Aryan languages constitutes a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, itself a branch of the Indo-European language family...
of the North
North India
North India, known natively as Uttar Bhārat or Shumālī Hindustān , is a loosely defined region in the northern part of India. The exact meaning of the term varies by usage...
(Hindustani
Hindustani language
Hindi-Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language and the lingua franca of North India and Pakistan. It is also known as Hindustani , and historically, as Hindavi or Rekhta...
) with the Dravidian languages
Dravidian languages
The Dravidian language family includes approximately 85 genetically related languages, spoken by about 217 million people. They are mainly spoken in southern India and parts of eastern and central India as well as in northeastern Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Iran, and...
of the South
South India
South India is the area encompassing India's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area...
(Telugu
Telugu language
Telugu is a Central Dravidian language primarily spoken in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, where it is an official language. It is also spoken in the neighbouring states of Chattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa and Tamil Nadu...
and Marathi
Marathi language
Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are over 68 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi has the fourth largest number of native speakers in India and is the fifteenth most...
). This dialect can be understood very easily by most Hindi
Hindi
Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
or Urdu - speakers, but it is difficult for non-native speakers to use it themselves.
Some differences are:
- Kaiku= why instead of kyon in traditional Urdu
- Kaiku ki= why the hell
- Mereku= me instead of mujhey in traditional Urdu
- Tereku= you instead of tujhey in traditional Urdu
- Nakko= an alternate (and informal) negative generally indicating "no thanks" or "do not". Can be (and is often) used in place of mat. Naheen, naa and mat (from traditional Urdu) are still used where nakko is inappropriate for the context or in polite situations.
- Hau - for yes, instead of "Haan".
- Ghafla - absent minded person. It is based on Arabic word 'Ghafil', meaning unawares or absent minded.
- Haula - crazy person (kaisa haula hai re tu)
- Potti (slang; rather offensive) - girl
- Potta (slang; rather offensive) - Boy
- Miyan - Man (i.e. "Chalao miya." means "Let's go, man.")
- Ghaeithla - moron ( i.e. "Kya ghaithla hai mia") => "( What a moron")
- Chambu - mug; equivalent of 'ghaeithla'; also often used to express Exhaustion ( i.e. "Haalat chambu hogayee")=> "( Am Damn Tired")
- Halloo halloo- Derived from Marathi word 'Halu' which means Slow (i.e. "Zara Hallu chalo bawa") => "( will you walk a bit slow?")
- Phekoo - Liar ( i.e " Kya Phekar hai yaro" ) => "( What a liar!")
- Dhuss- To collide/ Collision (i.e "Scooter wala uske paaon pay dhuss maar diya") => "(The scooter rider collided with his leg")
- Marra- Being desperate (i.e "Aisa Marrain kaiku yaro?") => "(Why are you being so desperate?")
Plural form of words
The plural of a word is formed by sufixing 'an' to the word. the letter 'n' is silent. example: pottian (girls), choran (thieves), machcharan (mosquitoes), naaman (names), logan (people) etc.Pronunciation
One of the main differences is that the letter "Qaaf" is pronounced as "Khaa". 'qabar' (grave) is pronounced as 'khabar' (news).Popularity and usage
Hyderabadi Urdu gained sudden prominence and recognition in 2006 after the success of the comedy film The AngrezThe Angrez
The Angrez is a 2006 Indian comedy movie directed by Kuntaa Nikkil. In this movie, the word "Angrez" refers to English people and non-resident Indians....
in which the characters use the dialect. The film's success sparked several further Hyderabadi dialect films including: Kal ka Nawab, Hyderabad Nawaabs
Hyderabad Nawaabs
Hyderabadi Nawabs is an Indian comedy that revolves around four groups of people. It is a pure comedy with Hyderabad touch which happens in every city, village.-Characters:...
, Aadab Hyderabad,Gullu Dada, Gullu Dada returns, Berozgaar, Hungama In Dubai
Hungama In Dubai
Hungama In Dubai is a 2007 Hindi comedy film directed by Masood Ali and part of a series of movies based on the Hyderabadi lingo theme that followed The Angrez and Hyderabadi Nawabs.-Plot:...
.
long before 2006, in the sixteys ie 1960- 1965 film star Mehmood had pouparised the hyderabadi slang in indian fims.
also we must not forget that Osmania University had adopted Udru as the medium of instruction as early as 1923
and it was discontinued after the fall of hyderabad in 1948.
A very famous guiness record holder drama /stage comedy written in dakhni is Adrak Ke Punjey
Adrak Ke Punjey
Adrak Ke Punjey is an Indian satirical / dramatic play written by Babban Khan. The play ran from 1965 to 2001, making it the world's longest-running one man show...
.
Many Urdu poets also write in the Hyderabadi dialect, including Pagal Adilabadi
Pagal Adilabadi
Ahmed Sharif popularly known as Pagal Adilabadi is an Urdu poet from Hyderabad, India. He wrote mazahiya shayer or humorous poetry in his native dialect of Hyderabadi Urdu. His pen name, "Pagal", means "crazy" in Urdu.-Early life:...
, Khwamakhwa and Nukko Hyderabadi (of Chicago, Illinois).
kaiku ki kya nae ki(i don't know why)
chodo miya ( take it easy )
light lo (ignore)
aba pheka marra (making things up)
Region
Administratively, Hyderabad State was made up of sixteen districts, grouped into four divisions:- Aurangabad DivisionAurangabad DivisionAurangabad Division is one of the six administrative divisions of Maharashtra state in India. Aurangabad divisions almost completely coincides with the Marathwada region of Maharashtra.-Districts:...
included AurangabadAurangabad District, MaharashtraAurangabad District is one of the 35 districts of Maharashtra state in western India. It is bordered by the districts of Nashik to the west, Jalgaon to the north, Jalna to the east, and Ahmednagar to the south. Aurangabad is the headquarters and principal city...
, BeedBeed districtBeed district is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. The district headquarters are located at Beed. The district occupies an area of 10,693 km² and has a population of 2,161,250 of which 17.91% were urban .-History:Beed district has a long history of many rulers...
, NandedNanded DistrictNanded district is a district of Maharashtra state in central India. The city of Nanded is the district headquarters.- Overview :The district has an area of 10,502 km² while according to 2001 census its population is 2,876,259 of which 23.96% were urban...
, and ParbhaniParbhani DistrictParbhani district earlier also known as Prabhavatinagar, is one of the eight districts in the Marathawada region of Maharashtra State of India. The district had a population of 1,527,715 of which 31.76% were urban as of 2001...
districts; - Gulbarga DivisionGulbarga DivisionGulbarga division is one of the four divisions of karnataka state of India. The division comprises the districts of Bellary, Bidar, Gulbarga, Koppal, and Raichur. The city of Gulbarga serves as the administrative headquarters of the division....
included Bidar DistrictBidar DistrictBidar is a district of Karnataka state in southern India. The historic city of Bidar is the administrative centre of the district. The district is located in the northeastern corner of the state, near the borders with Andhra Pradesh to the east and Maharashtra to the north and west...
, GulbargaGulbarga DistrictGulbarga district is one of the 30 districts of Karnataka state in southern India. Gulbarga city is the administrative headquarters of the district...
, OsmanabadOsmanabad district-Osmanabad district is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. The district headquarters are located at Osmanabad, erstwhile Dharashiv . Temple of goddess Tuljabhavani at Tulajapur is famous in India...
, and Raichur DistrictRaichur districtRaichur District is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located in the northeast part of the state and is bounded by Yadgir district in the north, Bijapur and Bagalkot district in the northwest, Koppal district in the west, Bellary district in the south, Anantapur...
; - Gulshanabad District or Medak division included Atraf-i-Baldah, Mahbubnagar districtMahbubnagar districtMahabubnagar or Mahboobnagar , also known as Palamooru is a district in the Andhra Pradesh state of India, in the Telangana region. It is named after its largest city and district headquarters, Mahabubnagar.It is the second largest district in the state in terms of area...
, Medak districtMedak districtMedak District is located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Sangareddy is the district headquarters of Medak. The district had a population of 2,670,097, of which 14.36% were urban as of 2001...
, Nalgonda districtNalgonda districtNalgonda / Nallagonda District is a district in Andhra Pradesh. It has a population of 3,483,648 of which 13.32% is urban as of 2001.-Etymology:Its name is derived from two Telugu words Nalla & Konda i.e...
(Nalgundah), and NizamabadNizamabad districtNizamabad District is located in the north-western region in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is also known as Induru. Nizamabad is the current and official name of the district....
districts, and - Warangal Division included AdilabadAdilabad districtAdilabad District is a district in Andhra Pradesh, India. The district headquarters is at Adilabad town. A famous Temple of the Goddess Saraswathi, the Hindu Goddess of Education, is located here in the town of Basara.-Origin of name:...
, Karimnagar, and WarangalWarangal districtWarangal District is located in the northern area in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The administrative seat is Warangal.Warangal District has an area of 12,846 km², and a population of 3,246,004 of which 19.20% was urban as of 2001...
districts
See also
- Bangalori Urdu
- Dakhni
- Pagal AdilabadiPagal AdilabadiAhmed Sharif popularly known as Pagal Adilabadi is an Urdu poet from Hyderabad, India. He wrote mazahiya shayer or humorous poetry in his native dialect of Hyderabadi Urdu. His pen name, "Pagal", means "crazy" in Urdu.-Early life:...
- Famous Hyderabadi Urdu poet