Huacho
Encyclopedia
Huacho (ˈwatʃo) is a city in Peru
, capital of the Huaura Province
and capital of the Lima Region
. It is located 223 feet (67 metres) above sea level and 148 km north of the city of Lima
. The city is located on the Pan-American Highway
, and close to the Lomas de Lachay
National Park so it has extensive vegetation and wildlife.
, cotton
, sugarcane
and different grain
fields. This fact has allowed the rise of a rather important cotton industry, as well as cotton and oil factories. Within its natural landscape, its salt mines and its beaches (such as El Paraíso ) are of great interest. Huacho was one of the main trade center north to Lima
.
, who decided to group the ayllus
of the Indians
who were established in that area into reductions
. The site chosen was that of "Gaucho Bay." Consequently, on 24 August 1571, the reduction was named San Bartolomé de Guachu.
During the Viceroyalty of Peru
, the city belonged to the province of Huara and was established as a trading and fishing port. In 1774 the Viceroy José Antonio de Mendoza granted Huacho the category of "pueblo" and with it, allowed it to build its main plaza.
Huacho was, like Huaura, a pueblo that received and hosted the members of the liberation expedition led by José de San Martín
, participating on 27 November 1820 of the Grito libertador en el balcéon de Huaura, on the subject of historical verification.
On 12 February 1821, Huacho was elevated to district, belonging to the province of Chanchay, in the department of Lima. The Congress conceded the titale of Fidelísima Villa (most faithful) on 11 April 1828, under the presidency of Don José de La Mar. On 23 January 1830, the province of Chanchay was unified with the province of Lima and Santa in the department of Ancash. Huaura was established as the capital of the province of Chanchay. It was thirty years before on 23 January 1866, Huacho was established as the capital of Chanchay.
Due to its technological advances, since 1892 the city has had a city tram service, an animal transportation service, it is said, using mules or horses for their displacement, called "tranvías de sangre" (blood tram), a service which extended to Huara, and which since 1920 was electrified, being the first city after LIma to have its own electric tram system.
Since 1911, it was the main hub of the Ferrocarril Noroeste del Perú (Northwestern Train of Peru), which connected Huacho with Ancón
, Sayan
, and Barranca
.
On 10 November 1874, Huacho was elevated to the category of city and was made capital of the province even when it was separated from Chanchay (today the province of Huaral) and was created the province of Huaura. Actually, the city of Huacho was also the capital of the Governal Region of Lima.
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
, capital of the Huaura Province
Huaura Province
Huaura is one of nine provinces of the Región Lima on the Pacific coast of Perú. It is bordered by the province of Barranca and the Ancash Region in the north, the provinces of Cajatambo and Oyón and the Pasco Region in the east, the province of Huaral in the south and the Pacific Ocean in the...
and capital of the Lima Region
Lima Region
Lima Region, also known as Lima Provincias, is one of twenty-five regions of Peru. Located in the central coast of the country, its regional seat is Huacho....
. It is located 223 feet (67 metres) above sea level and 148 km north of the city of Lima
Lima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima...
. The city is located on the Pan-American Highway
Pan-American Highway
The Pan-American Highway is a network of roads measuring about in total length. Except for an rainforest break, called the Darién Gap, the road links the mainland nations of the Americas in a connected highway system. According to Guinness World Records, the Pan-American Highway is the world's...
, and close to the Lomas de Lachay
Lomas de Lachay
The Lomas de Lachay is a national reserve in the desert foothills of Huaura Province in Lima region of Peru. The reserve is located north from the capital Lima and features a unique mist-fed ecosystem of wild plant and animal species...
National Park so it has extensive vegetation and wildlife.
Geography
Settled on the bottom of a wide bay, its climate is wet and appealing. In the surrounding areas there are riceRice
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...
, cotton
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
, sugarcane
Sugarcane
Sugarcane refers to any of six to 37 species of tall perennial grasses of the genus Saccharum . Native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South Asia, they have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in sugar, and measure two to six metres tall...
and different grain
GRAIN
GRAIN is a small international non-profit organisation that works to support small farmers and social movements in their struggles for community-controlled and biodiversity-based food systems. Our support takes the form of independent research and analysis, networking at local, regional and...
fields. This fact has allowed the rise of a rather important cotton industry, as well as cotton and oil factories. Within its natural landscape, its salt mines and its beaches (such as El Paraíso ) are of great interest. Huacho was one of the main trade center north to Lima
Lima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima...
.
History
Under the viceroy of Francisco de ToledoFrancisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa
Francisco Álvarez de Toledo, Count of Oropesa was Spanish viceroy of Peru from November 26, 1569 to September 23, 1581.-Early years:...
, who decided to group the ayllus
Ayllus
An ayllu is a unit of familial or local self-organization, particularly in rural areas. Ayllu is a word in both the Quechua and Aymara languages referring to a network of families in a given area, often with a putative or fictive common ancestor. Ayllus are distinguished by comparative...
of the Indians
Quechuas
Quechuas is the collective term for several indigenous ethnic groups in South America who speak a Quechua language , belonging to several ethnic groups in South America, especially in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and Argentina.The Quechuas of Ecuador call themselves as well as their...
who were established in that area into reductions
Indian Reductions
Reductions were settlements founded by the Spanish colonizers of the New World with the purpose of assimilating indigenous populations into European culture and religion.Already since the beginning of the Spanish presence in the Americas, the Crown had been concerned...
. The site chosen was that of "Gaucho Bay." Consequently, on 24 August 1571, the reduction was named San Bartolomé de Guachu.
During the Viceroyalty of Peru
Viceroyalty of Peru
Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru was a Spanish colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima...
, the city belonged to the province of Huara and was established as a trading and fishing port. In 1774 the Viceroy José Antonio de Mendoza granted Huacho the category of "pueblo" and with it, allowed it to build its main plaza.
Huacho was, like Huaura, a pueblo that received and hosted the members of the liberation expedition led by José de San Martín
José de San Martín
José Francisco de San Martín, known simply as Don José de San Martín , was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain.Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes , he left his mother country at the...
, participating on 27 November 1820 of the Grito libertador en el balcéon de Huaura, on the subject of historical verification.
On 12 February 1821, Huacho was elevated to district, belonging to the province of Chanchay, in the department of Lima. The Congress conceded the titale of Fidelísima Villa (most faithful) on 11 April 1828, under the presidency of Don José de La Mar. On 23 January 1830, the province of Chanchay was unified with the province of Lima and Santa in the department of Ancash. Huaura was established as the capital of the province of Chanchay. It was thirty years before on 23 January 1866, Huacho was established as the capital of Chanchay.
Due to its technological advances, since 1892 the city has had a city tram service, an animal transportation service, it is said, using mules or horses for their displacement, called "tranvías de sangre" (blood tram), a service which extended to Huara, and which since 1920 was electrified, being the first city after LIma to have its own electric tram system.
Since 1911, it was the main hub of the Ferrocarril Noroeste del Perú (Northwestern Train of Peru), which connected Huacho with Ancón
Ancón
Ancón may refer to:*Ancón, Guayas, a city in Guayas, Ecuador*Ancón District, a district of Peru*Ancón, Panama, a city in central Panama*Treaty of Ancón, signed by Peru and Chile on 20 October 1883...
, Sayan
Sayan
Sayan may refer to:* Sayan Mountains, a mountain range in Siberia, Asia* Sayan, India* Sayan, Bali, a village in Bali* Sayán District, Peru* Sayán, city in Peru* Sayana, 14th century Indian commentator on the Vedas...
, and Barranca
Barranca
-Fiction:* Las Barrancas, a fictional town in a fictional county in the computer game, Grand Theft Auto* The guide Barranca in the opening scenes of Raiders of the Lost ArkDefinition:1. A deep ravine or gorge.2...
.
On 10 November 1874, Huacho was elevated to the category of city and was made capital of the province even when it was separated from Chanchay (today the province of Huaral) and was created the province of Huaura. Actually, the city of Huacho was also the capital of the Governal Region of Lima.