Herut (newspaper)
Encyclopedia
Herut was the name of four newspapers published in Palestine
and later Israel
. The first was established in Jerusalem during the Ottoman era
, two were journals of the Irgun
, whilst the fourth was owned by the Herut
political party founded by former Irgun members.
, later a member of the Knesset
for the Sephardim and Oriental Communities
party. Initially edited by Haim Ben-Atar, it was considered to be the mouthpiece of the city's Sephardi
community. It became a daily newspaper in 1912, and was edited by Elmalih between 1914 and 1919, being the only Hebrew newspaper to appear regularly during World War I
.
slant on problems in the yishuv
, but also included coded messages to members of the Irgun underground. For that reason, the British authorities followed the newspaper closely, with a full English translation sent to the Foreign Secretary
in November 1943.
The ninety-ninth and last edition of the paper was published on 10 June 1948, though publication of a separate Herut journal continued in Jerusalem during June and July that year, with the city cut off from the rest of the country by the siege
and the local Irgun not having been absorbed into the IDF.
party (with which it shared its name) was launched by former journalists of HaMashkif
, the Hatzohar
-affiliated newspaper, including Izik Ramba, who was its editor from 1957 onwards. Its journalists included Yoel Marcus, Dan Margalit
, Eitan Haber
, Shlomo Nakdimon, Ze'ev Galili, Amos Keinan
, Uzi Benziman, Eliyahu Matza, Dan Levin, Aryeh Naor and Moshe Katsav
. Chief editors included Shmuel Merlin
, a Herut Knesset member.
In 1965 the Herut party allied with the Liberal Party
. The Herut newspaper was merged with the HaBoker
newspaper owned by the General Zionists
faction of the Liberal Party, to form HaYom, which ceased publication a few years later.
Palestine
Palestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....
and later Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
. The first was established in Jerusalem during the Ottoman era
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
, two were journals of the Irgun
Irgun
The Irgun , or Irgun Zevai Leumi to give it its full title , was a Zionist paramilitary group that operated in Mandate Palestine between 1931 and 1948. It was an offshoot of the earlier and larger Jewish paramilitary organization haHaganah...
, whilst the fourth was owned by the Herut
Herut
Herut was the major right-wing political party in Israel from the 1940s until its formal merger into Likud in 1988, and an adherent of Revisionist Zionism.-History:...
political party founded by former Irgun members.
Jerusalem newspaper
In 1909 a weekly newspaper by the name of Herut was established in 1909 by Avraham ElmalihAvraham Elmalih
-Biography:Born in Jerusalem, Elmalih was educated in a yeshiva and an alliance school before studying at the Archeological Institute, before working as a teacher in his home city, Istanbul, Jaffa and Damascus. In 1914 he established the Herut newspaper, editing it until 1919...
, later a member of the Knesset
Knesset
The Knesset is the unicameral legislature of Israel, located in Givat Ram, Jerusalem.-Role in Israeli Government :The legislative branch of the Israeli government, the Knesset passes all laws, elects the President and Prime Minister , approves the cabinet, and supervises the work of the government...
for the Sephardim and Oriental Communities
Sephardim and Oriental Communities
Sephardim and Oriental Communities was a political party in Israel and is one of the ancestors of the modern-day Likud party.-History:The Sephardim and Oriental Communities party represented Sephardi Jews and Mizrahi Jews who were already living in Israel at the time of independence, and was part...
party. Initially edited by Haim Ben-Atar, it was considered to be the mouthpiece of the city's Sephardi
Sephardi Jews
Sephardi Jews is a general term referring to the descendants of the Jews who lived in the Iberian Peninsula before their expulsion in the Spanish Inquisition. It can also refer to those who use a Sephardic style of liturgy or would otherwise define themselves in terms of the Jewish customs and...
community. It became a daily newspaper in 1912, and was edited by Elmalih between 1914 and 1919, being the only Hebrew newspaper to appear regularly during World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
.
Irgun newspaper
Herut was established as the journal of the Irgun in 1942, with its first edition published on 10 March that year. It was published at least once a month on four pages, and was sent by mail to private addresses, as well as being pasted on walls in public areas. The paper took a RevisionistRevisionist Zionism
Revisionist Zionism is a nationalist faction within the Zionist movement. It is the founding ideology of the non-religious right in Israel, and was the chief ideological competitor to the dominant socialist Labor Zionism...
slant on problems in the yishuv
Yishuv
The Yishuv or Ha-Yishuv is the term referring to the body of Jewish residents in Palestine before the establishment of the State of Israel...
, but also included coded messages to members of the Irgun underground. For that reason, the British authorities followed the newspaper closely, with a full English translation sent to the Foreign Secretary
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, commonly referred to as the Foreign Secretary, is a senior member of Her Majesty's Government heading the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and regarded as one of the Great Offices of State...
in November 1943.
The ninety-ninth and last edition of the paper was published on 10 June 1948, though publication of a separate Herut journal continued in Jerusalem during June and July that year, with the city cut off from the rest of the country by the siege
Siege of Jerusalem (1948)
The Battle for Jerusalem occurred from 30 November 1947 to 11 June 1948 when Jewish and Arab population of Mandatory Palestine and later Israeli and Jordanian armies fought for the control of the city....
and the local Irgun not having been absorbed into the IDF.
Herut daily
In 1948 a new daily newspaper associated with the HerutHerut
Herut was the major right-wing political party in Israel from the 1940s until its formal merger into Likud in 1988, and an adherent of Revisionist Zionism.-History:...
party (with which it shared its name) was launched by former journalists of HaMashkif
HaMashkif
HaMashkif was a Hebrew language daily newspaper in Mandate Palestine. Published between 1938 and 1948, it was owned by Hatzohar, the Revisionist party....
, the Hatzohar
Hatzohar
Hatzohar , officially Brit HaTzionim HaRevizionistim was a Revisionist Zionist organisation and political party in Mandate Palestine and newly-independent Israel.-Background:...
-affiliated newspaper, including Izik Ramba, who was its editor from 1957 onwards. Its journalists included Yoel Marcus, Dan Margalit
Dan Margalit
-Biography:Dan Margalits studied international relations and modern Jewish history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He began writing for the Israeli newspaper Haaretz in the 1960s. He is married to Dana. His daughter, Shira Margalit, is the deputy director-general of the Reshet television...
, Eitan Haber
Eitan Haber
Eitan Haber is an Israeli journalist and publicist. He is known for his writing on military and security issues, and for his longtime association with the late Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.-Biography:...
, Shlomo Nakdimon, Ze'ev Galili, Amos Keinan
Amos Keinan
Amos Kenan , also Amos Keinan, was an Israeli columnist, painter, sculptor, playwright and novelist.-Life:...
, Uzi Benziman, Eliyahu Matza, Dan Levin, Aryeh Naor and Moshe Katsav
Moshe Katsav
Moshe Katsav is an Israeli politician. He served as the eighth President of Israel, a leading Likud member of the Israeli Knesset, and a Cabinet Minister in its government....
. Chief editors included Shmuel Merlin
Shmuel Merlin
Shmuel Merlin was a Revisionist Zionist activist, Irgun member and Israeli politician.-Biography:Merlin was born in Kishinev in the Russian Empire , where he attended high school and joined the Betar movement. From 1933 to 1938 he was Chief Secretary of the Executive of the World Union of...
, a Herut Knesset member.
In 1965 the Herut party allied with the Liberal Party
Liberal Party (Israel)
The Israeli Liberal Party was a political party in Israel and is one of the ancestors of the modern-day Likud.-History:The Liberal Party was formed on 8 May 1961, towards the end of the fourth Knesset, by a merger of the General Zionists and the Progressive Party, with the new party having 14...
. The Herut newspaper was merged with the HaBoker
HaBoker
HaBoker was a Hebrew-language daily newspaper in Mandate Palestine and Israel associated with the General Zionists.The paper was established in 1935 by the right-wing of the General Zionists, with the first edition published on 11 October that year...
newspaper owned by the General Zionists
General Zionists
The General Zionists were centrists within the Zionist movement and a political party in Israel. Their political arm is an ancestor of the modern-day Likud.-History:...
faction of the Liberal Party, to form HaYom, which ceased publication a few years later.