Han Yunzhong
Encyclopedia
Han Yunzhong (814
–874
), né Han Junxiong (韓君雄), was a general of the Chinese
dynasty Tang Dynasty
who seized control of Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan
, Hebei
) in a mutiny and subsequently ruled it as its military governor (Jiedushi
) in de facto independence from the imperial government.
, during the reign of Emperor Xianzong
. His family was from Wei Prefecture (魏州, in modern Handan
, Hebei
), the capital of Weibo Circuit. His father Han Guochang (韓國昌) was a long-time officer in the Weibo army under the military governor He Hongjing
. Because of his heritage, Han Junxiong started serving in the military in his youth, and subsequently served in a campaign in 833
-834
, during the reign of Emperor Xianzong's grandson Emperor Wuzong
, with his father Han Guochang, where He Hongjing joined the imperial forces in attacking Liu Zhen
, who had seized neighboring Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern Changzhi
, Shanxi
) without imperial sanction.
, during the reign of Emperor Wuzong's cousin Emperor Yizong
, He Hongjing's son He Quanhao
was the military governor. He Quanhao was harsh in his discipline, and at that time, there were rumors that He Quanhao was set to reduce the food and clothing stipends for the soldiers. The soldiers mutinied, and He Quanhao was killed in flight. The soldiers supported Han Junxiong as their leader. With Wang Jingchong
the military governor of neighboring Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang
, Hebei
) supporting the request, Emperor Yizong commissioned Han as the acting military governor, with Emperor Yizong's son Li Yan
the Prince of Pu nominally serving as military governor. In 871
, Han was officially commissioned as full military governor.
In 873
, Emperor Yizong died, and Li Yan succeeded him (as Emperor Xizong). Emperor Xizong, upon ascending the throne, commissioned a number of military governors with honorary chancellor designations, and Han was given the honorary designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事). Emperor Xizong also gave him a new personal name, Yunzhong (meaning "fair").
In 874
, Han Yunzhong died. The soldiers supported his son Han Jian
, who was then deputy military governor, as his successor, and Emperor Xizong subsequently approved.
814
Year 814 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Charlemagne dies in Aachen, aged 67 or 72...
–874
874
Year 874 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Ingólfur Arnarson arrives as the first permanent Viking settler in Iceland, settling in Reykjavík ....
), né Han Junxiong (韓君雄), was a general of the Chinese
History of China
Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the Cradle of Chinese Civilization. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest...
dynasty Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
who seized control of Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan
Handan
Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwestern part of Hebei Province of China.- History :Handan was the capital of the State of Zhao during the Warring States period , after the capital moved from Zhongmu. The city was conquered by the State of Qin after the virtual annexation of...
, Hebei
Hebei
' is a province of the People's Republic of China in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "" , named after Ji Province, a Han Dynasty province that included what is now southern Hebei...
) in a mutiny and subsequently ruled it as its military governor (Jiedushi
Jiedushi
The Jiedushi were regional military governors in China during the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. Originally set up to counter external threats, the jiedushi were given enormous power, including the ability to maintain their own armies, collect taxes, and pass their...
) in de facto independence from the imperial government.
Background
Han Junxiong was born in 814814
Year 814 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Charlemagne dies in Aachen, aged 67 or 72...
, during the reign of Emperor Xianzong
Emperor Xianzong of Tang
Emperor Xianzong of Tang , personal name Li Chun , né Li Chun , was an emperor of the Chinese Tang Dynasty...
. His family was from Wei Prefecture (魏州, in modern Handan
Handan
Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwestern part of Hebei Province of China.- History :Handan was the capital of the State of Zhao during the Warring States period , after the capital moved from Zhongmu. The city was conquered by the State of Qin after the virtual annexation of...
, Hebei
Hebei
' is a province of the People's Republic of China in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "" , named after Ji Province, a Han Dynasty province that included what is now southern Hebei...
), the capital of Weibo Circuit. His father Han Guochang (韓國昌) was a long-time officer in the Weibo army under the military governor He Hongjing
He Hongjing
He Hongjing , né He Chongshun , formally the Duke of Chu , was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who ruled Weibo Circuit as its military governor in de facto independence from the imperial government.- Background :It is not completely clear when He Chongshun was...
. Because of his heritage, Han Junxiong started serving in the military in his youth, and subsequently served in a campaign in 833
833
Year 833 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* al-Mu'tasim succeeds his brother Al-Ma'mun as Abbasid caliph....
-834
834
Year 834 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* The Vikings first raid Dorestad ....
, during the reign of Emperor Xianzong's grandson Emperor Wuzong
Emperor Wuzong of Tang
Emperor Wuzong of Tang , né Li Chan , later changed to Li Yan just before his death, was an emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China, reigning from 840 to 846. Emperor Wuzong is mainly known in modern times for the religious persecution that occurred during his reign...
, with his father Han Guochang, where He Hongjing joined the imperial forces in attacking Liu Zhen
Liu Zhen
Liu Zhen was the son of Liu Sheng, and the grandson of Emperor Jing of Han. According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Zhen was granted the title of Ting Marquis of Lucheng by the Emperor Wu of Han...
, who had seized neighboring Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern Changzhi
Changzhi
Changzhi is a prefecture-level city in Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China. It lies between the city of Huozhou in Shanxi and the city of Hebi in Henan....
, Shanxi
Shanxi
' is a province in Northern China. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋" , after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period....
) without imperial sanction.
Seizure of Weibo Circuit
By 870870
Year 870 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Prague Castle is founded....
, during the reign of Emperor Wuzong's cousin Emperor Yizong
Emperor Yizong of Tang
Emperor Yizong of Tang , né Li Wen , later changed to Li Cui , was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China. He reigned from 859 to 873. Yizong was the eldest son of Emperor Xuānzong...
, He Hongjing's son He Quanhao
He Quanhao
He Quanhao was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who ruled Weibo Circuit as its military governor in de facto independence from the imperial government from 866 to 870 as its military governor , although he assisted the imperial government in suppressing Pang Xun's rebellion.-...
was the military governor. He Quanhao was harsh in his discipline, and at that time, there were rumors that He Quanhao was set to reduce the food and clothing stipends for the soldiers. The soldiers mutinied, and He Quanhao was killed in flight. The soldiers supported Han Junxiong as their leader. With Wang Jingchong
Wang Jingchong
Wang Jingchong , courtesy name Meng'an , formally Prince Zhongmu of Changshan , was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty who followed a line of his ancestors in ruling Chengde Circuit as its military governor in de facto independence from the imperial government.-...
the military governor of neighboring Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang
Shijiazhuang
Shijiazhuang is the capital and largest city of North China's Hebei province. Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about south of Beijing...
, Hebei
Hebei
' is a province of the People's Republic of China in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "" , named after Ji Province, a Han Dynasty province that included what is now southern Hebei...
) supporting the request, Emperor Yizong commissioned Han as the acting military governor, with Emperor Yizong's son Li Yan
Emperor Xizong of Tang
Emperor Xizong of Tang , né Li Yan , later name changed to Li Xuan , was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China. He reigned from 873 to 888. He was the fifth son of his predecessor Emperor Yizong and was the elder brother of his successor Emperor Zhaozong...
the Prince of Pu nominally serving as military governor. In 871
871
Year 871 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Nine battles are fought between the Danes and Wessex...
, Han was officially commissioned as full military governor.
In 873
873
Year 873 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* The Vikings raid Dorestad.* Al-Andalus: Second uprising of Toledo due to ethnic tensions in two years.- Asia :...
, Emperor Yizong died, and Li Yan succeeded him (as Emperor Xizong). Emperor Xizong, upon ascending the throne, commissioned a number of military governors with honorary chancellor designations, and Han was given the honorary designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事). Emperor Xizong also gave him a new personal name, Yunzhong (meaning "fair").
In 874
874
Year 874 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Ingólfur Arnarson arrives as the first permanent Viking settler in Iceland, settling in Reykjavík ....
, Han Yunzhong died. The soldiers supported his son Han Jian
Han Jian (Weibo)
Han Jian , formally the Prince of Changli or Prince of Wei Commandery , was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who controlled Weibo Circuit...
, who was then deputy military governor, as his successor, and Emperor Xizong subsequently approved.