Hadith of warning
Encyclopedia
The warning hadith also known as "invitation of the close families" (دعوة ذو العشیرة - Da‘wat dhul-‘Ashīrah) is a famous Islam
ic hadith
, that is recorded in all Muslim
books through different chain of narration, which is considered to be mutawatir and sahih. The Shi'a's use this hadith to prove that Ali
(Ali ibn Abi Talib) is the rightful successor
of the Islamic prophet
, Muhammad
.
he was commanded to invite his closer relatives to come to Islam, and gathered the Banu Hashim
in a ceremony and told them clearly that whoever would be the first to accept his invitation would become his successor and inheritor. Ali who was 13 or 14 years old at that time was the one to step forth and embrace Islam.
Imam
Ali, the one narrating the hadith, says he was ordered to cook food for forty people by Muhammad, for the exact number of family members attending the event.
After the food was presented and the people ate and drank, Muhammad stood up and said, "O sons of Abd al-Muttalib
, by Allah, I do not know of any person among the Arab
s who has come to his people with better than what I have brought to you and I have verily came to you with the best of this world and the hereafter, and Allah
has ordered me to invite you to it. So who of you, will help me in this mission and to be my brother (akhí), my successor (wasiyyí), and my caliph
(khalifatí) among you?"
Muhammad repeated this three times, no one present responded to him except the youngest of them — ‘Ali b. Abí Tãlib. He stood up and said, "I will be your helper, O Prophet of God."
Muhammad then put his hand on the back of Ali's neck and said, "Inna hadhã akhhí wa wasiyyí wa khalífatí fíkum, fasma‘û lahu wa atí‘û — Verily this is my brother, my successor, and my caliph amongst you; therefore, listen to him and obey.". However a handful of the people then laughed and said to Abu Talib
that Muhammed has ordered you to obey your son.
books
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
ic hadith
Hadith
The term Hadīth is used to denote a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad....
, that is recorded in all Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
books through different chain of narration, which is considered to be mutawatir and sahih. The Shi'a's use this hadith to prove that Ali
Ali
' |Ramaḍān]], 40 AH; approximately October 23, 598 or 600 or March 17, 599 – January 27, 661).His father's name was Abu Talib. Ali was also the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and ruled over the Islamic Caliphate from 656 to 661, and was the first male convert to Islam...
(Ali ibn Abi Talib) is the rightful successor
Succession to Muhammad
The Succession to Muhammad concerns the various aspects of successorship of Muhammad after his death, comprising who might be considered as his successor to lead the Muslims, how that person should be elected, the conditions of legitimacy, and the role of successor...
of the Islamic prophet
Prophets of Islam
Muslims identify the Prophets of Islam as those humans chosen by God and given revelation to deliver to mankind. Muslims believe that every prophet was given a belief to worship God and their respective followers believed it as well...
, Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
.
Invitation of close families
For three years Muhammad invited people to Islam in secret. Then he started inviting people publicly. When, according to the Qur'anQur'an
The Quran , also transliterated Qur'an, Koran, Alcoran, Qur’ān, Coran, Kuran, and al-Qur’ān, is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God . It is regarded widely as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language...
he was commanded to invite his closer relatives to come to Islam, and gathered the Banu Hashim
Banu Hashim
Banū Hāshim was a clan in the Quraysh tribe. Muhammad, was a member of this clan; his great-grandfather was Hashim, for whom the clan is named. Members of this clan are referred to by the Anglicised version of their name as Hashemites, or Huseini or Hasani...
in a ceremony and told them clearly that whoever would be the first to accept his invitation would become his successor and inheritor. Ali who was 13 or 14 years old at that time was the one to step forth and embrace Islam.
Imam
Imam
An imam is an Islamic leadership position, often the worship leader of a mosque and the Muslim community. Similar to spiritual leaders, the imam is the one who leads Islamic worship services. More often, the community turns to the mosque imam if they have a religious question...
Ali, the one narrating the hadith, says he was ordered to cook food for forty people by Muhammad, for the exact number of family members attending the event.
After the food was presented and the people ate and drank, Muhammad stood up and said, "O sons of Abd al-Muttalib
Shaiba ibn Hashim
Shaiba ibn Hashim , better known as or Abd al-Muttalib, since he was raised by his uncle Muttalib, was the grandfather of Islamic prophet Muhammad.-Early life:...
, by Allah, I do not know of any person among the Arab
Arab
Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
s who has come to his people with better than what I have brought to you and I have verily came to you with the best of this world and the hereafter, and Allah
Allah
Allah is a word for God used in the context of Islam. In Arabic, the word means simply "God". It is used primarily by Muslims and Bahá'ís, and often, albeit not exclusively, used by Arabic-speaking Eastern Catholic Christians, Maltese Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox Christians, Mizrahi Jews and...
has ordered me to invite you to it. So who of you, will help me in this mission and to be my brother (akhí), my successor (wasiyyí), and my caliph
Caliph
The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
(khalifatí) among you?"
Muhammad repeated this three times, no one present responded to him except the youngest of them — ‘Ali b. Abí Tãlib. He stood up and said, "I will be your helper, O Prophet of God."
Muhammad then put his hand on the back of Ali's neck and said, "Inna hadhã akhhí wa wasiyyí wa khalífatí fíkum, fasma‘û lahu wa atí‘û — Verily this is my brother, my successor, and my caliph amongst you; therefore, listen to him and obey.". However a handful of the people then laughed and said to Abu Talib
Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib
Abi Tlib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib also known as Abu Talib ibn al-Muttalib.Talib was in reality the elder son of Abd Munāf and elder brother to Ali Ibn Abd Munāf. He was an head of Bani Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe of Mecca in Arabia. He was married to Fatima bint Asad and was an uncle of the...
that Muhammed has ordered you to obey your son.
Further reading
This hadith has been mentioned in the following SunniSunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam. Sunni Muslims are referred to in Arabic as ʾAhl ūs-Sunnah wa āl-Ǧamāʿah or ʾAhl ūs-Sunnah for short; in English, they are known as Sunni Muslims, Sunnis or Sunnites....
books
- Tareekh altabary volume 2 page 319
- Tareekh ibn atheer volume 2 page 62
- Alsirat alhalabiya volume 1 page 311
- Shawahed altanzeel volume 1 page 371
- Kanz alummal volume 15 page 15
- Tareekh ibn asaker volume 1 page 85
- Tafseer alkhazen volume 3 page 371