Goražde
Encyclopedia
Goražde is a city
and municipality
in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina
on the Drina
river. It is located between Foča
, Sokolac
and Višegrad
, and is administratively part of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
and the center of the Bosnian Podrinje Canton
.
The River Drina flows between these and some other hills. Its valley, which, since ancient times it has been part of the route going from the sea to the mainland (Dubrovnik - Trebinje - Gacko - Foča - the Drina valley), is the principal traffic artery in the south-eastern region of Bosnia. At Goražde this road meets another coming from Sarajevo and central Bosnia via the Jabuka Mountain pass down to the Drina valley and preceding on to Plevlje.
In 2005, 91% of population of the municipality were ethnic Bosniaks.
The city of Goražde itself had 18,752* (total agglomeration 27,386) residents in 1991:
The River Drina has great significance for the founding and the development of Goražde. The greatest floods recorded since the 18th century occurred in 1677, 1731, 1737 and in 1896.
In 1379, Goražde was first mentioned as a trading settlement and in 1444 as a fortress. The origin of the town's name seems to have come from the Slavonic word "gorazd"
The Goražde market became well known in 1415 when merchants from Dubrovnik
had intensive commercial relations with it.
.
During the Turkish rule Goražde was a significant trading centre, being at the crossroads of the two important roads: the Bosnian and the Dubrovnik. The gross state income from land amounted in 1477 to 24,256 akchi. In 1711 Goražde was mentioned as the Turkish zoimat of 26,000 akchi.
Two mosques built by the Sijercic begs date back to the 18th century. Near Goražde there is an Orthodox church, built in 1446 by Herzog Stjepan. A printing press, attached to the church, worked there from 1521 till 1531. This was the first printing press to be established in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the second in the Balkans. Printing began with materials used in Sopotnica church.
The decline of Goražde in the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century is attributed, among other things, to the plague. Up to the middle of the 19th century Goražde was part of the Herzegovinian Sandjak, when it became part of the Sarajevo Sandjak.
The period of the Austro-Hungarian occupation was marked by the decline of Goražde, although there was at the same time a certain ascent. Due to its geographical position on the border Goražde was during World War I one of the main strongholds of Austria-Hungary used against Serbia and Montenegro.
In 1941 German troops entered the town after an air-raid on April 17. Later on Italian troops were also stationed there.
The National Liberation Army took over the town for the first time on January 27, 1942, and remained there until May of the same year. During this period National Liberation Committees were formed for the town the district of Goražde on the basis of the Foča Stipulations. At the same time Goražde was the headquarters of the National Liberation Army for East Bosnia. Early in March, 1942 the Commander-in-Chief, Marshal Tito stayed in Goražde. Goražde was liberated twice more, in 1943 and 1944, and on March 6, 1945 it was finally liberated from the occupation.
Chetnik massacres against ethnic Croats and Bosniaks in December 1941/January 1942 caused the death of approximately 2,050 civilians.
The composition of the Goražde population can be traced from the times of Austro-Hungarian occupation. The Orthodox inhabitants originate from Stari Vlah in Sandzak, Brda in Montenegro, Herzegovina and South Serbia The few ancestral inhabitants exempted, the Muslim. population began to come in great numbers to Goražde and its surroundings in the 17th century.
From the end of the war till 1961 a considerable number of new groups of families came to live in Goražde from the neighbouring villages and from some other far away places, having been attracted by the economic growth of Goražde. According to the census of 1961 Goražde had 8,812 inhabitants.
Before World War II the industry of Goražde comprised mainly retail trade and in some measure wholesale trade, the catering industry, handicraft, transport. During the occupation, 1941–1945, industry was destroyed and about 45% of the existing houses as well.
Since then Goražde's industry has been systematically developing, its main branches being manufacturing, building, transport, trade and crafts. In 1981 Gorazde's GDP per capita was 70% of the Yugoslav average.
After the II World War a new period, marked by a tremendous social and economic rise began. A number of new industrial enterprises have been founded, among which the most significant is the Nitrogen Factory.
, Goražde was one of six Bosniak
enclaves, along with Srebrenica
and Žepa
, surrounded and besieged by the Bosnian Serb Army. In April 1993 it was made into a United Nations Safe Area
in which the United Nations
was supposed to protect the civilian population from attack. Between March 30 and April 23, 1994, the Serbs launched a major offensive against the town. After air strikes against Serb tanks and outposts and a NATO ultimatum, Serbian forces agreed to withdraw their artillery and armored vehicles 20 km from the town.
After the negotiation of the Dayton accords, a land corridor was established between Goražde and the Federation.
is an award-winning graphic novel
by Joe Sacco
, a reporter who visited the besieged town several times during the period.
Another book that is centred heavily on Goražde is 'No Escape Zone' authored by Nick Richardson. Richardson is a former Fleet Air Arm
pilot who was shot down in the region of Goražde on a NATO bombing mission. He spent several weeks inside the city and tells of the conditions and daily shelling residents and UN forces faced.
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
and municipality
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...
in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
on the Drina
Drina
The Drina is a 346 kilometer long river, which forms most of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Alps which belongs to the Danube river watershed...
river. It is located between Foča
Foca
Foča is a town and municipality in southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Drina river, in the Foča Region of the Republika Srpska entity.-Early history:...
, Sokolac
Sokolac
Sokolac is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the part of the City of East Sarajevo in the Republika Srpska entity....
and Višegrad
Višegrad
Višegrad is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is part of the Republika Srpska entity. It is on the river Drina, located on the road from Goražde and Ustiprača towards Užice, Serbia.-History:...
, and is administratively part of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the two political entities that compose the sovereign country of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The two entities are delineated by the Inter-Entity Boundary Line...
and the center of the Bosnian Podrinje Canton
Bosnian Podrinje Canton
The Bosnian Podrinje Canton is one of the 10 cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Geography:It is located in the eastern central part of the country, in the region of Podrinje...
.
Location
Goražde is situated on the banks of the River Drina in South East Bosnia (see maps). The city lies at the foot of the eastern slope of mountain Jahorina at a height of 345m above sea level. The settlement is situated on the alluvial terrace in a broad valley, formed by the erosion of the River Drina. The valley is bordered on the South-East by Biserna (701 m), on the South by Samari (696 m), on the South-West by Misjak (618 m), on the West by Gubavica (410 m) and on the North by Povrsnica (420 m).The River Drina flows between these and some other hills. Its valley, which, since ancient times it has been part of the route going from the sea to the mainland (Dubrovnik - Trebinje - Gacko - Foča - the Drina valley), is the principal traffic artery in the south-eastern region of Bosnia. At Goražde this road meets another coming from Sarajevo and central Bosnia via the Jabuka Mountain pass down to the Drina valley and preceding on to Plevlje.
Settlements
- AhmovićiAhmovićiAhmovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BačciBačciBaćci is a neighbourhood in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BahovoBahovoBahovo is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BakijeBakijeBakije is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BareBare (Goražde)Bare is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BašabulićiBašabulićiBašabulići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- BatkovićiBatkovići (Goražde)Batkovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BezmiljeBezmiljeBezmilje is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BiljinBiljinBiljin is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BlagojevićiBlagojevićiBlagojevići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- BogdanićiBogdanićiBogdanići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- BogušićiBogušićiBogušići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Borak BrdoBorak BrdoBorak Brdo is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- BorovaBorova (Goražde)Borova is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BorovićiBorovićiBorovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BosanjeBosanjeBošanje is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BoškovićiBoškovići (Goražde)Boškovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BrajlovićiBrajlovićiBrajlovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BratišBratišBratiš is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BrekoviBrekoviBrekovi is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BrezjeBrezje (Goražde)Brezje is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BrijegBrijegBrijeg is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- BučjeBučje (Goražde)Bučje is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- BudićiBudićiBudići Gorazde is a neighbourhood in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ButkovićiButkovićiButkovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Butkovići IlovačaButkovići IlovačaButkovići Ilovača is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- CrvicaCrvica (Goražde)Crvica is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ČitlukČitluk (Goražde)Čitluk is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ČovčićiČovčićiČovčići is a suburb in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ČuroviČuroviČurovi is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ĆatovićiĆatovićiĆatovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ĆehajićiĆehajići (Goražde)Ćehajići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- DeševaDeševaDeševa is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Donja BrdaDonja BrdaDonja Brda is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Donja BukvicaDonja BukvicaDonja Bukvica is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Donje SeloDonje Selo (Goražde)Donje Selo is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Donji BogovićiDonji BogovićiDonji Bogovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- DragoljiDragoljiDragolji is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- DragovićiDragovići (Goražde)Dragovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- DučićiDučićiDučići is a suburb in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- DžindićiDžindići (Goražde)Džindići is a suburb in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- DžuhaDžuhaDžuha is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ĐakovićiĐakovići (Goražde)Đakovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- FaočićiFaočićiFaočići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- GajGaj (Goražde)Gaj is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- GlamočGlamoč (Goražde)Glamoč is a suburb in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- GočelaGočelaGočela is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- GojčevićiGojčevićiGojčevići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- Goražde
- Gornja BrdaGornja BrdaGornja Brda is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Gornja BukvicaGornja BukvicaGornja Bukvica is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Gornji BogovićiGornji BogovićiGornji Bogovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- GrabovikGrabovik (Goražde)Grabovik is a neighbourhood in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- GradacGradac (Goražde)Gradac is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- GunjačićiGunjačićiGunjačići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- GunjevićiGunjevićiGunjevići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- GusićiGusićiGusići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- GuskovićiGuskovićiGuskovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- HadžićiHadžići (Goražde)Hadžići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- HajradinovićiHajradinovićiHajradinovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- HladilaHladilaHladila is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- HrančićiHrančićiHrančići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- HridHrid (Goražde)Hrid is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- HrušanjHrušanjHrušanj is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- HubjeriHubjeriHubjeri is a suburb in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- IlinoIlino (Goražde)Ilino is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- IlovačaIlovačaIlovača is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- JabukaJabuka (Goražde)Jabuka is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- JagodićiJagodići (Goražde)Jagodići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- JarovićiJarovići (Goražde)Jarovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KalacKalac (Goražde)Kalac is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KamenKamen (Goražde)Kamen is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KanlićiKanlićiKanlići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KarauzovićiKarauzovićiKarauzovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KarovićiKarovići (Goražde)Karovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KazagićiKazagići (Goražde)Kazagići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KnjevićiKnjevićiKnjevići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- Kodžaga PoljeKodžaga PoljeKodžaga Polje is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KolaKola (Goražde)Kola is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- KolijevkeKolijevkeKolijevke is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KolovariceKolovariceKolovarice is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KonjbabaKonjbabaKonjbaba is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KonjevićiKonjevići (Goražde)Konjevići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KopačiKopači (Goražde)Kopači is a suburb in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KosačeKosačeKosače is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KostenikKostenikKostenik is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KovačiKovači (Goražde)Kovači is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KraborišKraborišKraboriš is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KrašićiKrašići (Goražde)Krašići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KrečaKrečaKreča is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Kučine
- KušešiKušešiKušeši is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- KutješiKutješiKutješi is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- LaletaLaletaLaleta is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- LukariceLukariceLukarice is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- LjeskovikLjeskovik (Goražde)Ljeskovik is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- MarkovićiMarkovići (Goražde)Markovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- MašićiMašići (Goražde)Mašići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- MilanovićiMilanovići (Goražde)Milanovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- MirvićiMirvićiMirvići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Mirvići na PodhranjenuMirvići na PodhranjenuMirvići na Podhranjenu is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- MorinacMorinacMorinac is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- MraviMraviMravi is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- MravinjacMravinjacMravinjac is a suburb in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- MrkoviMrkoviMrkovi is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- NekopiNekopiNekopi is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- NevorićiNevorićiNevorići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- NovakovićiNovakovićiNovakovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- OdžakOdžak (Goražde)Odžak is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- OrahoviceOrahovice (Goražde)Orahovice is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- OručevacOručevacOručevac is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- OsanicaOsanicaOsanica is a suburb in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- OsječaniOsječani (Goražde)Osječani is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- OstružnoOstružnoOstružno is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- OzrenovićiOzrenovićiOzrenovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- ParaunParaunParaun is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- PerjaniPerjaniPerjani is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- PijestinaPijestinaPijestina is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- PijevacPijevacPijevac is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- PlesiPlesi (Goražde)Plesi is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- PodhomaraPodhomaraPodhomara is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- PodhranjenPodhranjenPodhranjen is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Podkozara DonjaPodkozara DonjaPodkozara Donja is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Podkozara GornjaPodkozara GornjaPodkozara Gornja is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- PodmeljinePodmeljinePodmeljine is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- PoratakPoratakPoratak is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- PotrkušaPotrkušaPotrkuša is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- PribjenovićiPribjenovićiPribjenovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- PrisojePrisoje (Goražde)Prisoje is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ProlazProlazProlaz is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- PršešiPršešiPršeši is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- RadićiRadićiRadići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- RadijevićiRadijevićiRadijevići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- RadmilovićiRadmilovićiRadmilovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- RadovovićiRadovovićiRadovovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- RaškovićiRaškovići (Goražde)Raškovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- RatkovićiRatkovići (Goražde)Ratkovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- RešetnicaRešetnicaRešetnica is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- RopovićiRopovićiRopovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- RosijevićiRosijevićiRosijevići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- RusanjRusanj (Goražde)Rusanj is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- SedlariSedlari (Goražde)Sedlari is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- SeocaSeocaSeoca is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- SijedacSijedacSijedac is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- SkravnikSkravnikSkravnik is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- SlatinaSlatina (Goražde)Slatina is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- SofićiSofićiSofići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- SopotnicaSopotnica (Goražde)Sopotnica is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- SpahovićiSpahovićiSpahovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- SuroviSuroviSurovi is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ŠabanciŠabanci (Goražde)Šabanci is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ŠašićiŠašićiŠašići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ŠehovićiŠehovićiŠehovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ŠemihovaŠemihovaŠemihova is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ŠovšićiŠovšićiŠovšići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ŠućurićiŠućurićiŠućurići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- TrebeševoTrebeševoTrebeševo is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- TupačićiTupačićiTupačići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- UhotićiUhotićiUhotići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- UšanovićiUšanovićiUšanovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Ustiprača
- UtješinovićiUtješinovićiUtješinovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- VitkovićiVitkovići (Goražde)Vitkovići is a suburb in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina, around 5 kilometers south of the city centre.Vitkovići was founded in 1953, a purpose built new town to serve the then-new FAJ Azot chemical works, one of the largest chemical factories in former Yugoslavia, specialising in...
- VlahovićiVlahovići (Goražde)Vlahovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- VlajčićiVlajčićiVlajčići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- VranešiVraneši (Goražde)Vraneši is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- VranićiVranići (Goražde)Vranići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- VranpotokVranpotokVranpotok is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- VrbicaVrbica (Goražde)Vrbica is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- VremciVremciVremci is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- VučetićiVučetićiVučetići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ZabusZabusZabus is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ZakaljeZakaljeZakalje is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- ZapljevacZapljevacZapljevac is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ZavršjeZavršje (Goražde)Završje is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ZemegresiZemegresiZemegresi is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
- Zidine
- ZorlaciZorlaciZorlaci is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ZorovićiZorovićiZorovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- Zubovići
- Zubovići u OglečeviZubovići u OglečeviZubovići u Oglečevi is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ZupčićiZupčićiZupčići is a suburb in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ŽigoviŽigoviŽigovi is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ŽilićiŽilićiŽilići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ŽitovoŽitovoŽitovo is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ŽivojevićiŽivojevićiŽivojevići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
- ŽuželoŽuželoŽuželo is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
Population / Demographics
Ethnic composition | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Serb | % | Muslims | % | Croats | % | Yugoslavs | % | Others | % | Total |
1961 | 9,569 | 30.57% | 19,305 | 61.67% | 314 | 1.00% | 1,501 | 4.80% | 614 | 1.96% | 31,303 |
1971 | 9.293 | 26.79% | 24,544 | 70.76% | 179 | 0.51% | 168 | 0.48% | 501 | 1.46% | 34,685 |
1981 | 9,107 | 24.66% | 25,142 | 68.09% | 99 | 0.27% | 2,017 | 5.46% | 559 | 1.51% | 36,924 |
1991 | 9,844 | 26.25% | 26,316 | 70.17% | 83 | 0.22% | 776 | 2.07% | 486 | 1.30% | 37,505 |
In 2005, 91% of population of the municipality were ethnic Bosniaks.
The city of Goražde itself had 18,752* (total agglomeration 27,386) residents in 1991:
- 11,743 BosniaksBosniaksThe Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia...
- 5,888 SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
- 65 CroatsCroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
- 672 YugoslavsYugoslavsYugoslavs is a national designation used by a minority of South Slavs across the countries of the former Yugoslavia and in the diaspora...
- 384 others.
Natural environment
The surrounding region of Goražde is composed of Paleozoic slate, sandstone, carbon and perm. The hills are for the most part rounded and with gentle slopes. The higher ones are composed of limestone. Goražde with its surroundings has mainly equable and fresh mountainous climate. The average annual temperature of the air is 10.8 C and the rainfall is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The town is supplied with water from six springs. One part of the inhabitants gets drinking water from ordinary wells. The construction of a water supply system began in 1962. from the spring in Cajnice, 16.5 km (10.3 mi) from Goražde.The River Drina has great significance for the founding and the development of Goražde. The greatest floods recorded since the 18th century occurred in 1677, 1731, 1737 and in 1896.
Built environment
The main characteristic of the layout and the type of town is its elongated shape along the Ustipraca-Foča road. From 1465 till 1878 Goražde was part of the Turkish Empire. In the 18th and 19th centuries Goražde was inhabited by Muslim and Orthodox communities. Up to World War II there existed two separate parts: Muslim and Orthodox. Today this division is disappearing. After World War II the town began to expand and be modernized, New streets have been built, public and residential buildings have been built in the centre and in the outskirts as well. From 1945 to 1961, 1130 council flats and 680 private homes have been built. In 1961 there were 616 buildings altogether in the town.Medieval period
With Gornje Podrinje, Goražde was part of the old Serbian State up to 1376, when it was attached to the Bosnian State under the reign of King Tvrtko. After Tvrtko's death the town was ruled by the Hum Dukes among whom the best known was Herzog Stjepan.In 1379, Goražde was first mentioned as a trading settlement and in 1444 as a fortress. The origin of the town's name seems to have come from the Slavonic word "gorazd"
The Goražde market became well known in 1415 when merchants from Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641...
had intensive commercial relations with it.
Ottoman rule
The Turks took Goražde over definitively in 1465 and the place assumed oriental features. In 1477 there were four mahals in town. From 1550-1557 Mustafa Sokolovic built a stone bridge across the Drina and a caravanseraiCaravanserai
A caravanserai, or khan, also known as caravansary, caravansera, or caravansara in English was a roadside inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey...
.
During the Turkish rule Goražde was a significant trading centre, being at the crossroads of the two important roads: the Bosnian and the Dubrovnik. The gross state income from land amounted in 1477 to 24,256 akchi. In 1711 Goražde was mentioned as the Turkish zoimat of 26,000 akchi.
Two mosques built by the Sijercic begs date back to the 18th century. Near Goražde there is an Orthodox church, built in 1446 by Herzog Stjepan. A printing press, attached to the church, worked there from 1521 till 1531. This was the first printing press to be established in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the second in the Balkans. Printing began with materials used in Sopotnica church.
The decline of Goražde in the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century is attributed, among other things, to the plague. Up to the middle of the 19th century Goražde was part of the Herzegovinian Sandjak, when it became part of the Sarajevo Sandjak.
The period of the Austro-Hungarian occupation was marked by the decline of Goražde, although there was at the same time a certain ascent. Due to its geographical position on the border Goražde was during World War I one of the main strongholds of Austria-Hungary used against Serbia and Montenegro.
Yugoslavia
In pre-war Yugoslavia Goražde, being no more a frontier town, had normal conditions under which to develop and prosper.In 1941 German troops entered the town after an air-raid on April 17. Later on Italian troops were also stationed there.
The National Liberation Army took over the town for the first time on January 27, 1942, and remained there until May of the same year. During this period National Liberation Committees were formed for the town the district of Goražde on the basis of the Foča Stipulations. At the same time Goražde was the headquarters of the National Liberation Army for East Bosnia. Early in March, 1942 the Commander-in-Chief, Marshal Tito stayed in Goražde. Goražde was liberated twice more, in 1943 and 1944, and on March 6, 1945 it was finally liberated from the occupation.
Chetnik massacres against ethnic Croats and Bosniaks in December 1941/January 1942 caused the death of approximately 2,050 civilians.
The composition of the Goražde population can be traced from the times of Austro-Hungarian occupation. The Orthodox inhabitants originate from Stari Vlah in Sandzak, Brda in Montenegro, Herzegovina and South Serbia The few ancestral inhabitants exempted, the Muslim. population began to come in great numbers to Goražde and its surroundings in the 17th century.
From the end of the war till 1961 a considerable number of new groups of families came to live in Goražde from the neighbouring villages and from some other far away places, having been attracted by the economic growth of Goražde. According to the census of 1961 Goražde had 8,812 inhabitants.
Before World War II the industry of Goražde comprised mainly retail trade and in some measure wholesale trade, the catering industry, handicraft, transport. During the occupation, 1941–1945, industry was destroyed and about 45% of the existing houses as well.
Since then Goražde's industry has been systematically developing, its main branches being manufacturing, building, transport, trade and crafts. In 1981 Gorazde's GDP per capita was 70% of the Yugoslav average.
After the II World War a new period, marked by a tremendous social and economic rise began. A number of new industrial enterprises have been founded, among which the most significant is the Nitrogen Factory.
After breakup of Yugoslavia
From 1992 to 1995 during the Bosnian WarBosnian War
The Bosnian War or the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between April 1992 and December 1995. The war involved several sides...
, Goražde was one of six Bosniak
Bosniaks
The Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia...
enclaves, along with Srebrenica
Srebrenica
Srebrenica is a town and municipality in the east of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Bosnian Serb entity of Republika Srpska. Srebrenica is a small mountain town, its main industry being salt mining and a nearby spa. During the Bosnian War, the town was the site of the July 1995 massacre,...
and Žepa
Žepa
Žepa is a town in the east of Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina in the municipality of Rogatica. Žepa is located northeast of Rogatica itself, southwest of Srebrenica and northwest of Višegrad...
, surrounded and besieged by the Bosnian Serb Army. In April 1993 it was made into a United Nations Safe Area
United Nations Safe Areas
United Nations Safe Areas were areas established in 1993 in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War by a resolution of the United Nations Security Council....
in which the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
was supposed to protect the civilian population from attack. Between March 30 and April 23, 1994, the Serbs launched a major offensive against the town. After air strikes against Serb tanks and outposts and a NATO ultimatum, Serbian forces agreed to withdraw their artillery and armored vehicles 20 km from the town.
After the negotiation of the Dayton accords, a land corridor was established between Goražde and the Federation.
In literature
The 1992-1995 siege of Goražde is the subject of two books, both underlining the mixture of brutality and humanity that punctuated the era. Savo Heleta's Not My Turn to Die is written by a survivor who was a Serb-Bosnian teenager whose family was at once under fire from the Serb bombardments and under suspicion as Serbs in the mostly Bosniak town. Safe Area GorazdeSafe Area Goražde
Safe Area Goražde is a journalistic comic book about the Bosnian War, written by Joe Sacco. It was published in 2000.The book describes the author's experiences during four months spent in Bosnia in 1994-1995, and is based on conversations with Bosniaks trapped within the enclave of Goražde.Sacco...
is an award-winning graphic novel
Graphic novel
A graphic novel is a narrative work in which the story is conveyed to the reader using sequential art in either an experimental design or in a traditional comics format...
by Joe Sacco
Joe Sacco
Joe Sacco is a Maltese-American comics artist and journalist. He achieved international fame through the 1996 American Book Award-winning Palestine, and his graphic novel on the Bosnian War, Safe Area Goražde.- Biography :...
, a reporter who visited the besieged town several times during the period.
Another book that is centred heavily on Goražde is 'No Escape Zone' authored by Nick Richardson. Richardson is a former Fleet Air Arm
Fleet Air Arm
The Fleet Air Arm is the branch of the British Royal Navy responsible for the operation of naval aircraft. The Fleet Air Arm currently operates the AgustaWestland Merlin, Westland Sea King and Westland Lynx helicopters...
pilot who was shot down in the region of Goražde on a NATO bombing mission. He spent several weeks inside the city and tells of the conditions and daily shelling residents and UN forces faced.