Glogówek
Encyclopedia
Głogówek g is a city in Poland located in Opole Voivodeship
in Upper Silesia
. The city lies approximately 35 km (22 mi) from Opole
, the capital of the voivodeship
, and is about 10 km (6 mi) from the Czech
border. The name of the city comes from the Polish
word głóg, meaning hawthorn
. The plant grew quite thickly in the area when the city was founded.
n town, Głogów, with a very similar name. This village, first mentioned in 1010, was located some distance from Głogówek and later became a fortified castle by the Oder
and a major city. However, given the ages of the Russian texts, a mistake in identifying the first historical mentions of the two villages is understandable. At the time, military conflict in the region was common, and the use of the Głogów fortress may very well have inspired the names of smaller villages in the surrounding area, causing the confusion.
The first unequivocal historical mention of Głogówek in a Silesian source dates from 1212. This source is a list of villages which were in the tithing
area of the Leubus Cloister. The village was referred to as "Glogov" in the Latin
text, which describes, in some detail, the boundaries of the village. This description could only apply to the present-day village, and is considered to be the first unambiguous mention of Głogówek. Town privileges
were granted to Głogówek in 1275. Another error in Silesian record-keeping states that Głogówek, still a fairly small town, had 12 official representatives, a number much too large for a city of that size. Wrocław, a much larger city, had only five at the time. The city was later granted German town privileges as well.
In 1327, Oberglogau, like all other Silesian villages, came under Bohemia
n rule. The town's city rights were renewed again in 1373, this time under the Magdeburg rights
provision. In 1379, a church, Saint Bartholomew's, was built. Only a few years later, the duke
of Opole
, Ladislaus II (+1401), built another large cloister in Mochau Pauliner-Wiese, associated with Częstochowa
in the area. In 1643, the village was largely destroyed by Swedish
invaders. The Polish king
Jan Kasimir sought refuge during the invasion by staying in a castle in the village from October 17, 1655 until December 18 of the same year. After the First Silesian War in the 18th century Oberglogau and many other villages in the area came under Prussia
n control. The village was for the most part destroyed in a large fire in 1765. In addition, Ludwig van Beethoven
came to stay in the city's castle, using it to finish his fourth symphony. The city was connected to the railroad network in 1876 when its population, which was almost completely bilingual, stood at 6,000, and by 1880 the population had decreased to 5,000. The population stood at 7,500 at the outbreak of World War II, which destroyed 40% of the city.
with:
Rietberg
, (Germany), Vrbno pod Pradědem
, (Czech Republic
)
, a Polish administrative division similar to a parish
. The Gmina has an area of 170,06 km² (65.66 mi²), and contains the villages of Biedrzychowice
, Błażejowice Dolne, Cieszniów, Dzierżysławice, Góreczno
, Kazimierz, Kazimierz-Anachów, Kierpień
, Leśnik
, Mionów
, Mochów
, Nowe Kotkowice
, Nowe Kotkowice-Chudoba
, Racławice Śląskie, Rzepcze
, Stare Kotkowice
, Szonów
, Tomice
, Twardawa
, Twardawa-Małkowice, Wierzch
, Wróblin, Zawada
, Zawada-Bud, Zawada-Golczowice, Zawada-Mucków, Zawada-Sysłów und Zwiastowice
. The population of the Gmina is 14,265.
Opole Voivodeship
- Administrative division :Opole Voivodeship is divided into 12 counties : 1 city county and 11 land counties. These are further divided into 71 gminas.The counties are listed in the following table .- Economy :...
in Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia. Since the 9th century, Upper Silesia has been part of Greater Moravia, the Duchy of Bohemia, the Piast Kingdom of Poland, again of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the Holy Roman Empire, as well as of...
. The city lies approximately 35 km (22 mi) from Opole
Opole
Opole is a city in southern Poland on the Oder River . It has a population of 125,992 and is the capital of the Upper Silesia, Opole Voivodeship and, also the seat of Opole County...
, the capital of the voivodeship
Voivodeship
Voivodship is a term denoting the position of, or more commonly the area administered by, a voivod. Voivodeships have existed since medieval times in Poland, Romania, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia and Serbia....
, and is about 10 km (6 mi) from the Czech
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
border. The name of the city comes from the Polish
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
word głóg, meaning hawthorn
Crataegus
Crataegus , commonly called hawthorn or thornapple, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe,...
. The plant grew quite thickly in the area when the city was founded.
History
It is often said that the first historical mention of Głogówek was in 1076, but this is now known to be false. The Russian sources frequently quoted citing the city's 11th century founding were misinterpreted, referring instead to a Lower SilesiaLower Silesia
Lower Silesia ; is the northwestern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Upper Silesia is to the southeast.Throughout its history Lower Silesia has been under the control of the medieval Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy from 1526...
n town, Głogów, with a very similar name. This village, first mentioned in 1010, was located some distance from Głogówek and later became a fortified castle by the Oder
Oder
The Oder is a river in Central Europe. It rises in the Czech Republic and flows through western Poland, later forming of the border between Poland and Germany, part of the Oder-Neisse line...
and a major city. However, given the ages of the Russian texts, a mistake in identifying the first historical mentions of the two villages is understandable. At the time, military conflict in the region was common, and the use of the Głogów fortress may very well have inspired the names of smaller villages in the surrounding area, causing the confusion.
The first unequivocal historical mention of Głogówek in a Silesian source dates from 1212. This source is a list of villages which were in the tithing
Tithe
A tithe is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash, cheques, or stocks, whereas historically tithes were required and paid in kind, such as agricultural products...
area of the Leubus Cloister. The village was referred to as "Glogov" in the Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
text, which describes, in some detail, the boundaries of the village. This description could only apply to the present-day village, and is considered to be the first unambiguous mention of Głogówek. Town privileges
Town privileges
Town privileges or city rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium.Judicially, a town was distinguished from the surrounding land by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws. Common privileges were related to trading...
were granted to Głogówek in 1275. Another error in Silesian record-keeping states that Głogówek, still a fairly small town, had 12 official representatives, a number much too large for a city of that size. Wrocław, a much larger city, had only five at the time. The city was later granted German town privileges as well.
In 1327, Oberglogau, like all other Silesian villages, came under Bohemia
Bohemia
Bohemia is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague...
n rule. The town's city rights were renewed again in 1373, this time under the Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg Rights or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by a local ruler. Modelled and named after the laws of the German city of Magdeburg and developed during many centuries of the Holy Roman Empire, it was...
provision. In 1379, a church, Saint Bartholomew's, was built. Only a few years later, the duke
Duke
A duke or duchess is a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch, and historically controlling a duchy...
of Opole
Opole
Opole is a city in southern Poland on the Oder River . It has a population of 125,992 and is the capital of the Upper Silesia, Opole Voivodeship and, also the seat of Opole County...
, Ladislaus II (+1401), built another large cloister in Mochau Pauliner-Wiese, associated with Częstochowa
Czestochowa
Częstochowa is a city in south Poland on the Warta River with 240,027 inhabitants . It has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since 1999, and was previously the capital of Częstochowa Voivodeship...
in the area. In 1643, the village was largely destroyed by Swedish
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
invaders. The Polish king
Monarch
A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
Jan Kasimir sought refuge during the invasion by staying in a castle in the village from October 17, 1655 until December 18 of the same year. After the First Silesian War in the 18th century Oberglogau and many other villages in the area came under Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
n control. The village was for the most part destroyed in a large fire in 1765. In addition, Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time.Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of...
came to stay in the city's castle, using it to finish his fourth symphony. The city was connected to the railroad network in 1876 when its population, which was almost completely bilingual, stood at 6,000, and by 1880 the population had decreased to 5,000. The population stood at 7,500 at the outbreak of World War II, which destroyed 40% of the city.
Twin towns — Sister cities
Głogówek is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
Rietberg
Rietberg
Rietberg is a town in the district of Gütersloh in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approx. 10 km south of Gütersloh and 25 km north-west of Paderborn in the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe. The town is located at the river Ems. There are 28,878 people living in...
, (Germany), Vrbno pod Pradědem
Vrbno pod Pradedem
Vrbno pod Pradědem is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It is located on the Opava River and has 6,072 inhabitants.According to the Austrian census of 1910 the town had 3,614 inhabitants, 3,519 of whom had permanent residence there. Census asked people for their native...
, (Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
)
Gmina
Głogówek is the seat of a GminaGmina
The gmina is the principal unit of administrative division of Poland at its lowest uniform level. It is often translated as "commune" or "municipality." As of 2010 there were 2,479 gminas throughout the country...
, a Polish administrative division similar to a parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
. The Gmina has an area of 170,06 km² (65.66 mi²), and contains the villages of Biedrzychowice
Biedrzychowice, Opole Voivodeship
Biedrzychowice , German Friedersdorf, is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek , within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border...
, Błażejowice Dolne, Cieszniów, Dzierżysławice, Góreczno
Góreczno
Góreczno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek , within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border...
, Kazimierz, Kazimierz-Anachów, Kierpień
Kierpien
Kierpień is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border. It lies approximately north of Głogówek, east of Prudnik, and south of the regional capital Opole.Before 1945 the area was part...
, Leśnik
Lesnik, Opole Voivodeship
Leśnik , German Leschnig is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek , within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border...
, Mionów
Mionów
Mionów , German Polnisch Müllmen is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek , within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border...
, Mochów
Mochów
Mochów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border...
, Nowe Kotkowice
Nowe Kotkowice
Nowe Kotkowice , German Neu Kuttendorf is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek , within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border...
, Nowe Kotkowice-Chudoba
Nowe Kotkowice-Chudoba
Nowe Kotkowice-Chudoba , German Neu Kuttendorf-Schekai is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek , within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border....
, Racławice Śląskie, Rzepcze
Rzepcze
Rzepcze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border. It lies approximately north of Głogówek, east of Prudnik, and south of the regional capital Opole.Before 1945 the area was part of...
, Stare Kotkowice
Stare Kotkowice
Stare Kotkowice , German Alt Kuttendorf is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek , within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border...
, Szonów
Szonów
Szonów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border. It lies approximately south of Głogówek, east of Prudnik, and south of the regional capital Opole.Before 1945 the area was part of...
, Tomice
Tomice, Opole Voivodeship
Tomice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border...
, Twardawa
Twardawa
Twardawa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border. It lies approximately east of Głogówek, east of Prudnik, and south of the regional capital Opole.Before 1945 the area was part of...
, Twardawa-Małkowice, Wierzch
Wierzch
Wierzch , German Deutsch Müllmen is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek , within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border...
, Wróblin, Zawada
Zawada
Zawada may refer to the following places in Poland:* Zawada, Lower Silesian Voivodeship * Zawada, Bydgoszcz County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship...
, Zawada-Bud, Zawada-Golczowice, Zawada-Mucków, Zawada-Sysłów und Zwiastowice
Zwiastowice
Zwiastowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border...
. The population of the Gmina is 14,265.
Natives
- House of the Von Oppersdorf(f), a Silesian nobile house
- Franz Graf von OppersdorffFranz von OppersdorffCount Franz von Oppersdorff was a Silesian nobleman and a great lover of music, who commissioned Beethoven's Fourth and Fifth Symphonies....
(1778–1818), a great lover of music, patron of Beethoven - Eduard Maria Graf von Oppersdorff, Freiherr von Aich und Friedstein (1800–1889, here)
- Hans Georg Graf von Oppersdorff (1866–1948, Lourdes)
- Franz Graf von Oppersdorff
- Johann Stanety , sculptor
- Johann Sedlatzeck (1789–1866, Vienna), flutist, acted in Austria
- Wilhelm Fraenkel (1844–1916, Vienna), Jewish architect, master public survant for urban development of Vienna (e.g. Sacher-Hotel Wien), acted in Austria
- Karl Zuschneid (1856–1926, Weimar), musiclogist, acted in Germany
- Gerhard Strecke (1880–1968, Ratingen), composer, acted in Germany
- Siegfried Tann (born 1942), communal politician of the CDUChristian Democratic Union (Germany)The Christian Democratic Union of Germany is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in Germany. It is regarded as on the centre-right of the German political spectrum...
- Peter Peschel (born 1972), footballer
Other residents
- der Großvater der US-amerikanischen Schauspielerin Uma ThurmanUma ThurmanUma Karuna Thurman is an American actress and model. She has performed in leading roles in a variety of films, ranging from romantic comedies and dramas to science fiction and action movies. Among her best-known roles are those in the Quentin Tarantino films Pulp Fiction and Kill Bill...
, Friedrich Karl Johannes von Schlebrügge, wurde am 21. November 1886 in Oberglogau geboren and emigrierte in den 1930ern nach Schweden. - die Urgroßmutter des demokratischen Präsidentschaftskandidaten von 2004 John KerryJohn KerryJohn Forbes Kerry is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts, the 10th most senior U.S. Senator and chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He was the presidential nominee of the Democratic Party in the 2004 presidential election, but lost to former President George W...
, Mathilde Fränkel, wurde am 14. August 1845 in Oberglogau geboren.